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REPOET 


MASSACHUSETTS  BOARD 


World's  Fair  Managers. 


BOSTON : 

WRIGHT  &  POTTER  PRINTING  CO.,  STATE  PRINTERS, 

18  Post  Office  Square. 

1894. 


m 


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'l^HJ-LfiRARY 
BOSTON  COLLEGE 


FRED  HARLOV/  Sl^H  COIIECIIO*^ 


Boston,  Sept.  25,  1894. 

His  Excellency  Governor  Frederic  T.  Greenhalge  and  the  Eoyi- 
orable  Executive  Council. 

Sirs  :  —  The  Massachusetts  Board  of  World's  Fair  Managers, 
having  completed  their  labors,  beg  leave  to  submit  to  you  for 
your  consideration  the  following  report,  showing  the  methods 
adopted  by  them  in  the  prosecution  of  their  work,  the  amounts 
of  money,  in  more  or  less  of  detail,  expended  out  of  the  appro- 
priations made  by  the  several  Legislatures  ;  reports  made  to 
them  by  those  having  charge  of  the  several  State  exhibits ; 
and  papers  prepared  by  different  writers  on  various  exhibits 
from  the  Commonwealth. 

Eespectfully  submitted, 

Massachusetts  Board  of  World's  Fair  Managers, 

FRANCIS   A.   WALKER,    Chairman. 
ALICE  FREEMAN   PALMER. 
ANNA  L.  DAWES. 
EDWARD   BURNETT. 
E.  C.  HOVEY,  Secretary. 


REPORT. 


ORGANIZATION   AND   WORK  OF  PREPARATION  FOR 

EXHIBITS. 

The  General  Court  of  Massachusetts  in  the  year  1891 
adopted  the  following  Resolve,  which,  on  May  28  of  that 
year,  received  the  approval  of  His  Excellency  the  Gov- 
ernor :  — 

Resolved,  That  for  the  purpose  of  exhibiting  the  resources, 
products  and  general  development  of  the  Commonwealth  at  the 
World's  Columbian  Exposition  of  the  year  1893,  a  Board  of 
World's  Fair  Managers  of  Massachusetts,  consisting  of  five 
residents  of  the  Commonwealth,  of  whom  three  shall  be  men 
and  two  women,  shall  be  appointed  by  the  G-overnor  by  and 
with  the  consent  of  the  Council.  The  said  Board  shall  have 
charge  of  the  interests  of  the  Commonwealth  and  its  citizens 
in  the  preparation  and  exhibition  at  the  AVorld's  Columbian 
Exposition  of  the  year  1893,  of  the  natural  and  industrial 
products  of  the  Commonwealth  and  of  objects  illustrating  its 
history,  progress,  moral  and  material  welfare  and  future  de- 
velopment, and  in  all  other  matters  relating  to  the  said 
World's  Columbian  Exposition ;  it  shall  communicate  with 
the  officers  of,  and  obtain  and  disseminate  through  the  Com- 
monwealth all  necessary  information  regarding  said   Exposi- 


6  REPORT    OF    BOARD    OF 

tion  and  in  general  have  and  exercise  full  authority  in  relation 
to  the  participation  of  the  Commonwealth  and  its  citizens  m 
the  World's  Columbian  Exposition  of  the  year  1893.  To  carry 
out  the  provisions  of  this  resolve,  a  sum  not  exceeding  seventy- 
five  thousand  dollars  may  be  expended  under  the  direction  of 
the  Governor  and  Council,  provided  that  of  such  sum  not  less 
than  ten  thousand  dollars  shall  be  devoted  to  the  educational 
exhibit  of  the  Commonwealth. 

Under  the  provisions  of  the  foregoing  resolve,  His 
Excellency  the  Governor  appointed  and  the  Council  con- 
firmed the  following  members  of  the  Board  of  World's 
Fair  Managers :  Gen.  John  "W.  Corcoran  of  Clinton, 
Mrs.  Alice  Freeman  Palmer  of  Cambridge,  Miss  Anna 
L.  Dawes  of  Pittsfield,  Hon.  Edward  Burnett  of  South- 
borough  and  E.  C.  Hovey  of  Brookline. 

The  General  Court  of  Massachusetts  in  the  succeeding 
year,  namely,  during  the  year  1892,  adopted  the  fol- 
lowing resolve :  — 

Resolved,  That  for  the  purpose  of  exhibiting  the  arts,  in- 
dustries, institutions,  resources,  products  and  general  develop- 
ment of  the  Commonwealth  of  Massachusetts  at  the  "World's 
Columbian  Exposition  at  Chicago,  in  the  State  of  Illinois,  in 
the  year  1893,  there  be  allowed  and  paid  out  of  the  treasury 
of  the  Commonwealth  a  sum  not  exceeding  seventy-five  thou- 
sand dollars  ($75,000.00),  to  be  expended  under  the  direc- 
tion of  the  Governor  and  Council  to  carry  out  the  provisions 
of  this  resolve ;  the  sum  to  be  in  addition  to  the  seventy-five 
thousand  dollars  ($75,000.00)  authorized  by  chapter  98  of 
the  Resolves  for  the  year  1891. 

Resolved,  That  the  Massachusetts  Building   and,  as  far  as 


WORLD'S   FAIK   MANAGERS.  7 

the  same  is  under  the  control  of  the  Board  of  Managers,  the 
Massachusetts  exhibit  be  closed  on  the  first  or  Lord's  Day, 

This  resolve  received  the  Executive  approval  on  May 
6,  1892. 

On  the  twenty-fifth  day  of  March,  1893,  His  Excel- 
lency the  Governor  gave  his  approval  to  the  following 
resolve  passed  by  the  General  Court  of  the  year  1893  :  — 

Resolved^  That  for  the  purposes  of  exhibiting  the  arts,  in- 
dustries, institutions,  resources,  products  and  general  develop- 
ment of  the  Commonwealth  of  Massachusetts  at  the  World's 
Columbian  Exposition  at  Chicago,  in  the  State  of  Illinois,  in 
the  year  1893,  there  be  allowed  and  paid  out  of  the  treasury 
of  the  Commonwealth  a  sum  not  exceeding  twenty-five  thou- 
sand dollars  ($25,000.00),  to  be  expended  under  the  direction 
of  the  Governor  and  Council  to  carry  out  the  provisions  of 
this  resolve  ;  the  sum  to  be  in  addition  to  the  amounts  hereto- 
fore authorized. 

The  members  of  the  Board,  having  received  their 
commissions  under  date  of  July  16,  1891,  held  their 
first  meeting  on  July  30  of  that  year  in  the  Sears 
Building,  Boston,  and  organized  with  the  choice  of 
John  W.  Corcoran  as  Chairman  and  E.  C.  Hovey  as 
Secretary. 

The  Chairman  and  Secretary  having  been  appointed 
a  committee,  with  full  powers,  to  provide  permanent 
quarters  for  the  Commission,  executed  a  lease,  expir- 
ing Jan.  1,  1894,  for  offices  in  Sears  Building,  Boston, 
at  an  annual  rental  of  twelve  hundred  dollars. 


8  REPOET   OF   BOARD    OF 

Shortly  after  the  organization  of  the  Board,  the 
Chairman  and  Secretary  visited  Chicago  for  the  pur- 
pose of  becoming  acquainted  with  the  Exposition  offi- 
cials, as  well  as  to  learn  the  many  details  incident 
to  the  work  which  had  been  given  them  to  do.  From 
that  time  until  the  1st  of  December,  1893,  members 
of  the  Board  were  in  Chicago  a  part  of  every  month ; 
and  it  is  believed  that  it  is  largely  through  the  hearty 
co-operation  of  the  Exposition  officials  which  naturally 
followed  these  continued  visits  that  the  results  have 
been  obtained  of  which  mention  is  made  in  this  report. 

Desiring  that  the  Commonwealth  should  hold  a  posi- 
tion equally  as  important  in  the  World's  Columbian 
Exposition  of  Chicago  as  she  did  in  the  Centennial  of 
1876,  in  Philadelphia,  the  Board  at  once  took  steps 
to  awaken  an  interest  throughout  the  Commonwealth 
among  the  people  of  the  State.  This  was  accomplished 
by  addresses  made  before  boards  of  trade,  by  attend- 
ance upon  meetings  of  commercial  clubs,  by  the  issu- 
ing of  circulars  and  by  an  extensive  correspondence. 

At  the  time  of  their  appointment  the  members  of 
the  Board  found  a  decided  want  of  interest  in  the  Ex- 
position, and  it  was  not  until  some  time  thereafter 
that  they  obtained  very  much  encouragement  from  the 
citizens  of  the  State. 

The  agencies  above  referred  to,  together  with  the 
press,  to  which  the  Board  are  very  glad  at  this  time  to 
extend  their  cordial  acknowledgment  for  assistance  ren- 


WORLD'S   FAIR    MANAGERS.  9 

dered,  finally  awakened  an  interest,  the  demands  for 
space  in  the  Exposition  becoming  so  threateningly 
large  as  to  bring  about  a  condition  of  afiairs  which 
make  it  possible  to  say  that  the  space  asked  for  was 
sufficient  to  have  filled  an  exposition  even  three  times 
the  size  of  that  contemplated. 

It  was  at  this  time  that  two  members  of  the  Board 
were  in  Chicago  and  learned  that  the  space  originally 
intended  for  the  Department  of  Education  had  been  so 
curtailed  by  reason  of  the  fact  that  the  commercial 
exhibits  were  being  continually  cared  for  to  the  detri- 
ment of  exhibits  in  the  Department  of  Liberal  Arts. 
They  protested  in  the  name  of  the  Commonwealth 
against  the  further  robbery  of  the  space  needed  by  the 
educational  interests  of  the  country.  Eequesting  a  hear- 
ing before  the  Executive  Committee  of  the  World's 
Columbian  Exposition,  they  appeared  before  that  body 
in  person  and  filed  numerous  protests  in  the  shape  of 
telegrams  and  letters,  not  only  from  citizens  of  the 
Commonwealth,  but  from  those  of  sixteen  States  of  the 
Union.  The  space,  however,  had  been  so  fully  as- 
signed in  the  buildings  then  erected  that  there  was 
but  one  way  by  which  education  could  receive  its  proper 
recognition,  this  being  through  the  erection  of  a  new 
building.  After  some  weeks'  delay  the  petition  of  the 
Massachusetts  Board  of  "World's  Fair  Manag-ers,  en- 
dorsed  as  it  was  not  only  by  those  to  whom  reference 
has    already   been    made   but    by    people    from  all   over 


10  KEPORT    OF   BOAED    OP 

the  country,  was  finally  granted,  resulting  in  the  con- 
struction of  the  building  now  well  known  as  the  Anthro- 
pological Building,  within  which  was  contained  the 
interesting,  instructive  and  valuable  exhibit  collected 
together  under  the  management  of  Prof.  Frederic  W. 
Putnam  and  two  bureaus  from  the  Department  of  Liberal 
Arts,  namely,  those  of  Hygiene  and  Sanitation,  and  of 
Charities  and  Correction. 

While  this  was  a  decided  victory  and  of  great  bene- 
fit to  the  cause  of  education,  it  was,  nevertheless,  im- 
possible to  carry  out  the  plans  previously  decided 
upon  for  the  installation  of  the  educational  exhibits  of 
the  world.  These  it  had  been  primarily  intended  to 
place  on  the  ground  floor  of  the  great  Liberal  Arts  Build- 
ing; but  it  was  found  necessary  to  remove  them  to  the 
gallery,  where,  although  the  space  was  perhaps  as  ex- 
tended as  that  which  could  have  been  given  for  the 
purpose  on  the  ground  floor,  it  was,  nevertheless,  much 
less  convenient  for  exhibition  purposes  and  absolutely 
prevented  a  method  of  installation  which  was  considered 
very  desirable. 

During  the  period  of  time  between  the  appointment 
of  the  Board  and  the  removal  of  their  offices  from 
Boston  to  Chicago,  there  was  a  vast  amount  of  corre- 
spondence necessary  with  intending  exhibitors  in  the 
way  of  imparting  information  and  giving  such  aid  as 
should  be  of  service  to  the  exhibitor  in  his  negotiations 
with    the    Exposition    officials.      The    amount    of   detail 


WOELD'S   FAIR   MAN^AGERS.  11 

necessarily  incident  to  work  of  this  kind  was  very  laro-e, 
and  it  was  the  aim  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Board  at  all 
times  to  keep  himself  so  thoroughly  informed  as  to  the 
wishes  of,  and  the  methods  adopted  by,  the  administra- 
tion of  the  Exposition  as  to  enable  him  to  give  correct 
and  intelligent  information  to  the  inquiring  exhibitor, 
speedily  and  authoritatively.  This  work,  however,  be- 
came in  a  very  short  time  so  great  and  yet  at  the 
same  time  so  very  important  that  early  in  November, 
1891,  the  Board  requested  the  Governor  and  Council 
to  appoint  Mr.  Hovey,  the  Secretary  of  the  Board, 
Executive  Commissioner,  at  a  salary  of  five  thousand 
dollars  per  year.  This  was  done  by  vote  of  the  Council, 
November,  1891.  Since  that  time  the  Secretary  has 
been  acting  not  only  as  such,  but  also  as  Executive 
Commissioner,  and  by  vote  of  the  Honorable  Council, 
at  a  later  period,  as  Treasurer  also. 

Upon  the  organization  of  the  Board  it  was  voted  that 
regular  meetings  should  be  held  on  the  first  Friday  of 
each  month.  During  the  years  1891  and  1892  these 
meetings  were  regularly  held  on  the  appointed  day. 
During  1893,  however,  the  meetings  of  the  Board  were 
held  upon  special  call,  as  occasion  required.  Throuo-h- 
out  the  continuance  of  the  Commission  there  has  been 
an  average  of  more  than  one  meetino-  a  month. 


12  EEPOKT    OP   BOAKD    OF 

STATE  BUILDING. 

Soon  after  the  organization  of  the  Board  it  became 
necessary  to  consider  whether  the  Commonwealth  should 
occupy  the  ground  which  had  been  allotted  to  it  on  the 
Exposition  grounds  for  the  erection  of  a  State  building. 

The  Board,  having  secured  one  of  the  four  most  de- 
sirable sites  on  the  main  avenue  on  which  were  to  be 
erected  the  State  buildings,  decided  that  the  Common- 
wealth should  be  thus  represented  ;  and,  to  that  end, 
asked  several  architects  to  submit  plans,  suggesting  that 
the  building  should  be  in  the  spirit,  if  not  an  exact 
copy,  of  some  one  of  the  many  well-known  historical 
buildings  within  the   State. 

At  a  meeting  held  at  the  office  of  the  Board  on  Sept. 
4,  1891,  five  separate  designs  and  floor  plans  were 
submitted  for  their  consideration.  It  was  finally  de- 
cided unanimously  to  select  the  design  submitted  by 
Messrs.  Peabody  &  Stearns  of  Boston. 

In  order  to  bring  the  matter  to  the  attention  of  the 
Governor  and  Council,  the  Board  of  World's  Fair  Man- 
agers obtained  from  a  contractor  an  estimate  (not  a 
bid)  of  the  cost  of  putting  up  this  building. 

At  a  meeting  with  the  Governor  and  Council  on 
Oct.  7,  1891,  the  Board  submitted  the  design  selected 
by  them,  together  with  plans,  and  asked  that  they  be 
authorized  to  spend  a  sum  not  exceeding  $35,000  "for 
the  purpose  of  constructing  and  furnishing  a  State 
building  at  the  Columbian  Exposition  in  Chicago." 


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WORLD'S   EAIE   MAN^AGERS.  13 

This  request  was  granted,  and  the  sum  indicated  was 
afterwards  increased,  by  vote  of  the  Governor  and 
Council,  under  date  of  March  5,  1892,  to  $50,000,  said 
sum  to  cover  the  entire  cost  not  only  of  constructing 
but  also  of  furnishing  said  building. 

On  the  twenty-first  day  of  March,  at  a  stated  meeting 
of  the  Board,  all  bids  which  had  been  received,  in  an- 
swer to  a  printed  advertisement  in  several  of  the  Boston 
papers,  were  opened  and  the  contract  for  erecting  the 
building  under  the  specifications  submitted  at  the  time 
was  let  to  Mr.  C.  Everett  Clark,  a  Boston  contractor, 
for  the  sum  of  $39,494. 

It  must  be  said  in  this  connection  that  certain  items 
of  necessary  expense  were  withheld  from  the  specifica- 
tions by  reason  of  the  fact  that  the  Board  had  reason 
to  expect  that  certain  articles  which  naturally  would 
have  been  included  would  be  donated  to  the  State. 
^Other  items,  such,  for  instance,  as  grading  and  sodding 
the  grounds  around  the  State  Building,  and  architects' 
commissions,  did  not  properly  come  within  the  specifi- 
cations by  the  contractor. 

The  total  cost  of  the  State  Building,  with  these  items 
added  to  the  bid,  as  made  by  and  accepted  from  the  con- 
tractor, amounted  to  $46,550.41. 

A  list  of  those  who  assisted  in  the  construction  and 
furnishing  of  the  Massachusetts  State  Building,  free  of 
expense  to  the  State,  appears  in  Appendix  A. 

When    it  became  necessary  to  consider  the    question 


14  REPORT    OF   BOARD    OF 

of  furnishing  the  Massachusetts  State  Building,  the  Board 
of  World's  Fair  Managers  decided  to  obtain,  if  possible, 
from  manufacturers  of  furniture  within  the  State,  as  well 
as  from  dealers  in  furnishings,  such  articles  as  would 
be  needed  to  make  its^  interior  attractive  and  comfort- 
able and  at  the  same  time  as  truly  colonial  and  historical 
as  its  members  believed  its  exterior  to  be.  To  that  end 
they  negotiated  with  parties  throughout  the  State,  the 
result  being  that,  with  the  exception  of  one  or  two 
pieces  of  furniture  which  it  became  necessary  to  buy 
after  the  managers  had  taken  possession  of  the  build- 
ing, there  was  not  a  piece  of  furniture  in  the  house 
for  which  the  State  paid.  This  statement  covers  elec- 
tric chandeliers,  tiles,  mantelpieces,  part  of  the  plumb- 
ing, carpets,  window  screens,  stained  glass  windows,  — 
indeed,  almost  everything  which  was  within  the  build- 
ing. 

Most  of  the  furniture  was  made  especially  for  the 
building,  after  designs  of  old  furniture  which  was  used 
in  pre-Revolutionary  times,  though  in  one  room  there 
was  not  a  piece  of  furniture  which  was  less  than  a 
hundred  years  old. 

There  were  on  the  walls  of  the  Massachusetts  State 
Building  a  collection  of  pictures,  not  one  of  which  had 
not  some  association  with  the  history  of  the  Common- 
wealth. Most  of  these,  as  also  relics  and  historical 
collections,  were  kindly  loaned  by  citizens  of  the  State, 
a  list  of  whom  appears  in  Appendix  B. 


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WORLD'S    FAIR   MANAGERS.  15 

The  Board,  wishing  to  give  to  the  building  an  his- 
torical interest,  opened  a  correspondence  with  the  sev- 
eral historical  societies  within  the  Commonwealth,  with 
the  hope  that  they  might  be  induced  to  loan  some  of 
their  rare  and  interesting  relics.  The  success  which 
these  efforts  met  with  is  well  known  to  the  citizens  of 
the  State  who  visited  the  building. 

It  was,  however,  a  matter  of  very  great  regret  to  the 
members  of  the  Board  that  such  well-known  bodies  as 
the  Historical  Society  of  Boston,  the  Bostonian  Society, 
the  Pilgrim  Society  of  Plymouth  and  the  Deerfield  His- 
torical Association  found  themselves  unable,  by  reason  of 
the  fact  that  many  of  the  articles  were  in  their  posses- 
sion only  for  safe  keeping,  to  send  to  the  Massachu- 
setts State  Building  some  contributions  to  the  historic 
interest  which  the  buildins^  awakened. 

Within  its  walls  were  brought  together  historical  relics 
to  the  value  of  over  $20,000. 

The  Board  wish  at  this  time  to  publicly  extend  the 
thanks  of  their  members  to  the  Essex  Institute  of  Salem, 
to  the  committee  of  ladies  of  Boston,  to  the  Cape  Cod 
Association  and  to  the  many  individual  contributors  by 
whose  efforts  the  house  was  made  so  interestinof. 

No  citizen  of  the  Commonwealth  could  pass  through 
that  building  without  finding  many  historical  articles 
to  call  forth  his  interest  and  curiosity;  and  it  is  with 
great  satisfaction  that  the  Board  are  able  to  report  that 
the   generosity   and  public   spirit   shown   by   these  citi- 


16  EEPORT   OF   BOARD    OF 

zens  of  the  Commonwealth  were  fully  appreciated  by  the 
citizens  of  the  State. 

It  is  also  with  great  satisfaction  that  the  Board  are  able 
to  report  to  His  Excellency  the  Governor  and  the  hon- 
orable Executive  Council  that  not  a  single  one  of  these 
articles,  cherished  as  they  naturally  are  by  their  owners, 
has  been  lost  or  broken,  or  has  failed  to  be  returned. 

It  seems  fitting  that  the  contents  of  the  building 
should  be  entered  into  in  more  or  less  of  detail,  for  it 
is  undoubtedly  true  that  they  gave  much  interest  to  the 
visitors  who  realized  their  historic  importance  and  who 
appreciated  the  opportunity  of  seeing  on  the  walls  the 
faces  of  so  many  of  the  men  and  women  who  have  helped 
to  make  the  Commonwealth  what  she  has  always  been 
and  what  she  is  to-day. 

It  is  not  necessary,  perhaps,  to  give  an  inventory  of 
these  articles;  but  the  Board  feel  that  they  would  fall 
short  of  their  duty  if  they  did  not  recur  to  a  number  of 
them  which  were  of  especial  interest  to  the  sons  and 
daughters  of  the  Commonwealth,  and  thus  retain  in  per- 
manent form  a  description  not  only  of  the  building  but 
of  its  contents  as  well. 

Desiring  that  those  who  visited  the  building  might  be 
made  familiar  not  only  with  the  faces  but  ofttimes  with 
the  handwriting  of  the  men  and  women  of  Massachu- 
setts whose  reputation  and  good  work  in  difierent  walks 
of  life  are,  in  many  cases,  international,  the  Board  made 
a  careful  selection  of  those  to  be  included  in  this  roll  of 


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WORLD'S   PAIR   MANAGERS.  17 

honor,  confining  themselves,  with  but  few  exceptions, 
to  those  who  were  not  living.  By  borrowino-,  or  in 
some  few  cases  by  purchase,  they  obtained  the  pictures 
which  for  six  months  helped  to  tell  the  story  of  the 
progress  and  development  of  the  Commonwealth. 

As  representatives  of  reformers  there  were  placed  on 
the  walls  of  the  Massachusetts  State  Building  pictures 
of  Wendell  Phillips,  William  Lloyd  Garrison,  Charles 
Sumner,  Eobert  C.  Winthrop,  John  Hancock,  Eobert 
Treat  Paine,  the  three  Adamses  and  Theodore  Parker. 

Eepresenting  the  church  were  such  worthy  faces  as 
those  of  William  E.  Channing,  Jonathan  Edwards, 
Bishop  Brooks,  James  Freeman  Clark,  Bishop  Haven, 
Professor  Hedge,  Bishop  Hackett  and  Hosea  Ballou. 

Statesmanship  furnished  portraits  of  Daniel  Webster, 
John  A.  Andrew,  George  Cabot,  Edward  Everett  and 
Timothy  Pickering. 

From  the  long  list  of  historians  of  which  the  Com- 
monwealth may  be  justly  proud,  there  were  selected  por- 
traits of  John  Lothrop  Motley,  George  Bancroft,  Francis 
Parkman,  George  Ticknor  and  William  H.  Prescott. 

In  the  field  of  letters  were  seen  such  well-known 
faces  as  Ralph  Waldo  Emerson,  Oliver  Wendell  Holmes, 
Henry  W.  Longfellow,  John  Greenleaf  Whittier,  Na- 
thaniel Hawthorne,  Richard  H.  Dana,  W.  D.  Howells, 
Thomas  Bailey  Aldrich,  John  Boyle  O'Reilly,  James 
Russell  Lowell,  Thomas  W.  Pa  ^ns,  William  Cullen 
Bryant,    Thomas    Wentworth    Higgiason,    Helen    Hunt 


18  REPOKT    OF   BOAED    OF 

Jackson,  Celia  Thaxter,  Louise  May  Alcott   and   Lucy 
Larcom.  \ 

The  bench  and  bar  were  well  represented  by  portraits  of 
Lemuel  Shaw,  Theophilus  Parsons,  Eufus  Choate,  Judge 
Devens,  Nathan  Dane,  Joseph  Story  and  Samuel  Sewall. 

Among  the  scientists  were  seen  the  faces  of  Nathaniel 
Bowditch,  the  two  Bigelows,  Benjamin  Pierce,  Benjamin 
Franklin  and  Professor  Agassiz. 

As  representatives  of  philanthropy  and  benevolence 
were  seen  the  faces  of  Maria  Weston  Chapman,  Lydia 
Maria  Child,  Dorothea  Dix  and  George  Peabody. 

The  martial  element  was  fitly  shown  in  the  faces  of 
General  Hooker,  General  Lowell,  General  Bartlett,  Gen- 
eral Sumner  and  Colonel  Shaw. 

The  early  Colonial  and  pre-Revolutionar^^  days  had 
fitting  representatives  in  the  faces  of  Governor  Endicott, 
Governor  Bradstreet,  William  Pynchon,  Governor  Win- 
throp  and  Governor  Winslow. 

Commerce  furnished  the  faces  of  such  men  as  Joseph 
Peabody,  John  Bertram,  William  Gray,  Jr.,  Elias 
Haskett  Derby  and  Benjamin  Pickering. 

Such,  then,  is  the  list,  in  part  at  least,  of  the  faces 
which  were  placed  before  the  visitors  to  the  Massachu- 
setts State  Building,  —  faces  which  served  to  remind 
the  sons  and  daughters  of  the  Commonwealth  of  the 
part  which  Massachusetts  has  played  in  the  several 
fields  of  which  these  portraits  were  representatives. 

Among  the  many  articles  of  especial  interest  within 


MASSACHUSETTS    STATE    BUILDING,  — Staircase. 


WORLD'S   FAIR  MANAGERS.  19 

the  building  there  were  perhaps  no  two  which  awakened 
a  livelier  interest  than  the  manuscript  speech  of  Charles 
Sumner,  delivered  in  the  Senate  Chamber  in  Washington 
in  1856,  which  speech  was  followed  a  few  days  after  by 
the  blow  from  Brooks ;  and  the  original  watch,  fully 
authenticated,  brought  by  Miles  Standish  when  he  came 
to  this  country  in  the  ^'Mayflower."  It  may,  however, 
be  admitted  that  an  equal  interest  was  awakened  by  the 
sight  of  the  Adams  cradle,  in  which  the  members  of  five 
generations,  including  two  Presidents  of  the  United 
States,  had  been  rocked  in  their  infancy. 

One  room  within  the  State  Buildinsr,  which  was  mven 
over  to  the  Essex  Institute  of  Salem,  within  which 
they  might  place  a  collection  of  portraits  and*  of  his- 
toric relics,  was  interesting  and  instructive  almost 
beyond  description.  It  was  to  this  that  reference  was 
made  in  the  statement  that  one  room  within  the 
building  contained  no  piece  of  furniture  less  than  a 
hundred  years  old.  Here  might  be  seen  interesting 
examples  of  the  old  court  cupboard,  oak  chest  and 
reading  chairs  of  the  Colonial  period,  secretaries  and 
sideboards  and  settles  of  the  Revolutionary  and  pre- 
Revolutionary  times,  chairs  and  tables  representing  the 
witchcraft  period,  and  two  hall  clocks, — one  in  a  black 
oak  case  with  works  made  in  Halifax,  England ;  the 
other  in  a  solid  mahogany  case,  which  must  have  been 
made  in  Lexinoion  before  the  battle  which  has  made 
the  name  of  that  town  historical. 


20  REPORT    OF   BOARD    OF 

On  the  walls  of  this  room  were  pictures  —  some  pho- 
tographs, some  engravings  and  some  in  water  colors  — 
showing  well-known  houses  in  Salem  and  representa- 
tive of  the  various  styles  of  architecture  in  use  in 
Colonial  and  pre-Revolutionary  times ;  such,  for  in- 
stance, as  the  Narbonne  house,  still  standing,  though 
built  in  1680,  "  a  good  illustration  of  the  architecture 
of  that  period,  showing  the  lean-to  roof;"  the  Ward 
house,  built  in  1684,  and  not  yet  destroyed,  which 
"  shows  the  overhanging  second  story  which  romance 
attributes  to  being  used  as  a  protection  against  the 
Indians;"  the  Cabot  house,  built  about  1748,  "a  fine 
illustration  of  the  Colonial  type,  showing  a  good  ex- 
ample t)f  the  gambrel  roof ; "  the  Roger  Williams 
house,  "  familiarly  called  '  Old  Witch  House,'  owned 
in  1635  and  1636  by  Roger  Williams,  and  occupied  in 
1692  by  Jonathan  Curwen,  one  of  the  judges  in  the 
witchcraft  trials;"  and  the  Emerson  house,  "built  in 
1817  and  remodelled  in  1876,  a  good  example  of  Colo- 
nial spirit  in  modern  architecture." 

On  the  sideboards  and  mantels  and  within  the  several 
cupboards  were  to  be  seen  examples  of  old  china,  some 
decorated  and  some  plain,  some  of  American  manu- 
facture and  some  which  had  been  imported,  dating 
back  in  some  instances  to  a  period  as  early  as  1675. 
Here  was  to  be  seen  a  silver  cream  jug,  the  "marriage 
pitcher"  of  Susannah  IngersoU  and  Daniel  Bray,  1680, 
descended    through    the    family    of    Philip    English    to 


MASSACHUSETTS   STATE    BUILDING,  — Staircase. 


WORLD'S   PAIR   MANAGERS.  21 

Susannah  IngersoU,  occupant,  in  Hawthorne's  time,  of 
the  so-called  ' '  House  of  Seven  Gables ;  "  and  candela- 
bra and  brass  candlesticks  without  number. 

Within  the  ten  cases  provided  by  the  Essex  Institute 
in  which  to  display  the  collection  of  historic  relics, 
were  to  be  seen  articles  of  a  great  variety  of  descrip- 
tion, and  all  of  the  highest  interest.  In  one  there  were 
collected  together  ' '  the  coins  and  paper  currency  of 
Massachusetts  Bay  in  New  England  during  the  Colonial 
and  Revolutionary  periods,  covering  issues  from  1650 
to  1788."  These  were  all  in  fine  condition,  and  in- 
cluded a  New  England  shilling,  minted  in  Boston  in 
1650,  "pine  tree"  and  "oak  tree"  shillings,  "pine 
tree"  sixpences,  "pine  tree"  threepences,  "oak  tree" 
twopennies,  all  of  the  issue  of  1562,  and  "Indian" 
cents  and  half  cents ;  and  paper  currency,  beginning 
with  a  bill  of  five  shillings  issued  in  1690,  and  coming 
down  to  the  Continental  currency  of  Massachusetts  Bay 
issued  in  1780. 

In  the  second  case,  which  was  given  over  to  exam- 
ples of  early  New  England  presswork,  were  placed 
almanacs  of  the  eighteenth  century;  an  original  en- 
graving by  Paul  Revere  in  its  original  frame ;  a  pam- 
phlet containing  abstracts  of  Massachusetts  Criminal 
Law  printed  in  1704,  containing  the  famous  "  Scarlet 
Letter "  law ;  another  relating  to  the  Maule  contro- 
versy ;  Salem  and  Boston  newspapers  of  the  eighteenth 
century,    "  including  one    in   mourning  announcing    the 


22  REPORT    OF   BOARD    OF 

death  of  George  Washington ;  "  and,  what  was  of  sin- 
gular interest  to  all  those  whose  attention  was  called  to 
them,  four  lottery  tickets,  one  issued  by  the  United  States 
Government  in  1776  to  recoup  war  expenses,  a  second 
issued  by  the  State  of  Massachusetts  in  1771  to  procure 
funds,  a  third  which  was  placed  upon  the  market  by 
Harvard  College  in  1795  for  educational  purposes,  and 
finall}^  one  which  in  1802  was  put  forth  by  a  church  in 
Bristol,  R.  I.,  evidently  in  need  of  funds  to  support 
the  ministry  and  pay  the  expenses  incident  to  worship. 

In  still  another  case  were  to  be  seen  examples  of 
old-time  needlework.  Among  these  was  a  "sampler 
wrought  previous  to  1628  by  Anne  Gower,  the  first 
wife  of  Governor  John  Endicott." 

Among  the  early  theological  and  witchcraft  manu- 
scripts to  be  seen  in  the  next  case  were  sermons 
preached  by  several  of  the  ministers  of  Salem,  includ- 
ing the  Rev.  Mr.  Pickman  in  1644,  and  one  preached 
by  the  Rev.  George  Curwin  in  1716,  evidently  as  a 
thanksgiving  offering  for  the  success  of  George  the 
First  over  the  Pretender.  Here  also  was  the  deposi- 
tion of  Mrs.  Anne  Putnam  and  Anne  Putnam,  Jr., 
under  date  of  May  31,  1692,  against  Rebekah  Nurse 
and  others  who  were  hanged  for  witchcraft  in  1692 ; 
the  indictment  of  Abigail  Hobbs  for  "  covenanting 
with  the  Devil ; "  and  a  deed  of  land  signed  by 
Bridget  Bishop  in  1699,  the  said  Bridget  Bishop  being 
the  first  victim   of  the  witchcraft   craze. 


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WORLD'S   FAIR   MANAGERS.  23 

In  another  case  were  to  be  seen  manuscripts  of  a 
commercial  nature,  including  an  account  book  dated 
1678  and  1690 ;  bills  of  lading  of  the  eighteenth  cen- 
tury ;  bill  of  exchange  and  policy  of  insurance,  —  all 
of  a  time  prior  to  the  opening  of  the  present  century ; 
while  in  still  another  case  were  official  manuscripts, 
including  an  autograph  letter  of  Benjamin  Goodhue, 
the  first  member  of  Congress  from  the  Essex  District; 
"  Resolution  of  the  Continental  Congress  at  Philadel- 
phia, directing  George  Washington  to  raise  troops  in 
ISTew  Hampshire,  signed  by  General  Hancock,  Presi- 
dent, and  Charles  Thompson,  Secretary ; "  a  state 
paper  signed  by  James  Monroe,  Secretary  of  State, 
under  date  of  Aug.  28,  1812 ;  and  a  botanical  note 
book  of  Manassah  Cutler,  who  "  made  the  first  scien- 
tific description  of  the  plants  of  New  England,"  and 
who  also  *'  started  the  first  party  of  emigrants  to 
Ohio." 

In  the  other  cases  were  placed  a  collection  of 
medals,  bronze  and  copper ;  ^old-mounted  seals ;  ex- 
amples of  the  old  "tinder  boxes,  with  flint,  steel  and 
tinder;"  steelyards  used  in  1738;  "pitch  pipe  used 
for  setting  the  tune  in  church  choirs  and  in  singing 
schools ; "  and  a  small  iron  shovel  formerly  belonging 
to  and  used  no  doubt  by  Benjamin  Franklin  to  light 
his  pipe ;  tobacco  and  snuff  boxes ;  shoe  buckles  and 
knee  buckles ;  pocketbooks  and  large  tortoise-shell 
combs;  and,  as  an  interesting  article,  a  pair  of  pattens, 


24:  KEPOET    OF   BOARD    OF 

"  the  forerunner  of  rubber  shoes,"  and  a  pair  of  old 
Para  gum  shoes,  the  first  lined  rubber  shoes  used. 

It  should  not  be  forgotten  to  call  attention  to  a  case 
on  the  wall  containing  a  number  of  examples  of  the 
old  silhouettes  which  were  so  common  in  the  early 
days  of  the  present  century,  as  well  as  prior  thereto. 

The  foregoing  are  but  the  cullings  from  this  very 
interesting  museum  of  historical  relics,  collected 
through  the  industry  of  the  citizens  of  Salem,  and, 
through  their  liberality,  courtesy  and  public  spirit, 
placed  within  the  keeping  of  the  Massachusetts  Board 
of  World's  Fair  Managers,  as  the  contribution  of  Essex 
County  to  the  State  Building  at  the  World's  Colum- 
bian Exposition. 

The  Board  take  pleasure,  too,  in  testifying  to  the 
very  commendable  and  interesting  collection  which, 
through  the  zeal  and  enthusiasm  of  a  committee  of 
Boston  ladies,  was  sent  to  Chicago  to  be  placed  in  the 
large  parlors  of  the  State  Building,  these  latter  having 
been  set  apart  for  their  especial  use.  Although  it  was 
not  until  the  time  of  opening  the  Exposition  had  nearly 
arrived  that  this  committee  was  appointed,  the  articles 
collected  lent  great  interest  to  the  building,  consisting 
as  they  did  of  pictures  (one  an  excellent  Copley),  auto- 
graphs and  manuscript  documents,  dresses,  bonnets  and 
other  articles  of  wearing  apparel  of  the  Revolutionary 
period. 

Too  srreat  credit  for  the  success  of  the  Massachusetts 


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WORLD'S   PAIR   MANAGERS.  25 

State  Building  cannot  be  given  to  these  ladies,  hy  whose 
earnestness   and   interest   so   many   articles    of  priceless 
value  to  their   owners  were  committed   to  the   care   of 
the  Board,  whose  members  are  glad  of  this  opportunity 
to   acknowledge    the    hearty    and    enthusiastic    support 
which  they  received  from  the  ladies  having  this  especial 
collection  under  their   charge.      From    Cape    Cod   were 
sent  a  number  of  articles,  mostly  pictures,  having  to  do 
with  the  annals  of  that  historic  ground.      An   account 
of  the  Massachusetts  State   Building  at  Chicago  would 
be  incomplete  indeed  did  it  not  contain  especial  refer- 
ence to  a   unique   collection  of  photographs   and   auto- 
graphs which  was  made  possible  through  the  generosity 
and   public  spirit  of  Mrs.   Maria   S.   Porter  of  Boston. 
Not  to  enumerate  them  all,  it  may  perhaps  be  not  inap- 
propriate  to   call   attention   to   a   few   from   among   the 
many  which  certainly  were  looked  at,  studied  and  ap- 
preciated   by   many    thousands    of    visitors    durino-    the 
six  months  of  the  Exposition.     An  autograph  letter  of 
Hawthorne  in  a  frame  which  likewise  contained  an  ex- 
cellent likeness  of  him  called   vividly  to    mind   a   per- 
sonality of  whom  Massachusetts  has  always  been  justly 
proud;    while  side  by  side  with  this   was  a  photograph 
of  James   Eussell   Lowell,    with   a   copy  of  one    of  his 
beautiful  verses    in   his    own    handwriting.      "VVho   can 
measure  the  interest  with  which  the  numberless  visitors 
gazed  upon  the  face  of  Oliver  Wendell  Holmes,  framed 
as  it  was  with  a  copy  of  "  Old  Ironsides,"  a  copy,  too,  on 


26  EEPOKT    OF   BOAED    OF 

which  the  ink  was  scarcely  dry,  he  having  made  the  same 
but  a  few  months  before  the  opening  of  the  Exposition? 
Those  who  were  present  will  surely  never  forget  the 
interesting  occasion  when  Dr.  Smith,  the  author  of 
"  America,"  saw  his  own  face  before  him  and  read  his 
own  manuscript  of  this  our  national  hymn.  Nor  can 
one  forget  the  verses  and  portrait  of  Lucy  Larcom,  hung 
on  the  walls  of  the  State  Building  on  the  day  of  her 
death,  or  a  manuscript  of  beautiful  verses  by  Julia  Ward 
Howe  in  memoriam  of  T.  C.  Crawford.  A  photograph 
of  Bishop  Brooks,  accompanied  by  the  famous  tribute 
to  this  great  man  in  the  handwriting  of  that  other  great 
divine,  James  Freeman  Clarke,  was  read  and  pondered 
over  by  many.  These  are  but  a  few  examples  taken 
from  this  interesting  collection.  They  surely  proved  to 
be  a  great  feast  to  those  who  gave  the  time  to  care- 
fully examine  them,  and  surely  did  they  lend  their  full 
measure  of  interest  to  this  interesting  building.  It  would 
scarcely  be  possible  to  call  attention  to  each  of  the 
many  articles  loaned  to  the  Massachusetts  Board  of 
World's  Fair  Managers  by  individuals  within  the  State. 
Reference  may  yet  be  appropriately  made  to  a  large 
mahogany  secretary  once  used  by  General  George  Wash- 
ington while  he  was  in  headquarters  in  Cambridge,  to 
a  red  walnut  writing-desk  brought  over  to  this  country 
from  England  in  the  latter  half  of  the  seventeenth 
century,  and  to  a  piece  of  the  manor  house  in  Scrooby, 
within  which  were  held  those  many  meetings  culminat- 


WORLD'S   PAIR   MANAGERS.  27 

ing  in  the  departure  from  England  and  the  arrival  in 
Plymouth  of  those  whose  steadfastness  of  purpose  and 
abiding  faith  have  been  the  admiration  of  all  succeeding 
generations. 

These  lines  will  in  part  serve  their  purpose  if  they 
recall  to  the  minds  of  those  who  visited  the  building 
the  great  interest  which  its  contents  awakened.  They 
should  likewise  testify  to  those  of  Massachusetts  who 
were  unable  to  visit  the  Exposition  that  the  building 
and  its  contents  were  in  every  way  worthy  of  the  State 
and  of  her  glorious  history. 

The  twelfth  day  of  October,  1892,  -being  the  four 
hundredth  anniversary  of  the  discovery  by  Christopher 
Columbus  of  the  land  to  which  was  given  the  name 
of  America,  was,  by  the  Exposition  authorities,  set 
apart  as  dedication  day,  the  Exposition  buildings 
being  then  dedicated  with  proper  ceremonies  and  ex- 
ercises. Although  the  Massachusetts  State  Building 
was  at  that  time  very  far  from  completion,  it  was 
determined  to  take  advantage  of  the  presence  in 
Chicago  of  the  Chief  Executive  of  the  Commonwealth, 
to  whom  the  building  should  be  turned  over,  that  he 
might  dedicate  it  to  the  uses  for  which  it  was  erected. 
Most  informally,  therefore,  on  Saturday  morning,  Octo- 
ber 13,  the  building  was  visited  by  His  Excellency  Gov. 
William  E.  Eussell,  accompanied  by  the  delegation  from 
the  Massachusetts  Legislature.  There  they  were  received 
by  the   Executive  Commissioner,  who,  in  a  few  words, 


28  REPOKT    OF   BOARD    OF 

tendered  the  Governor  the  building  in  the  name  of  the 
Massachusetts  Board  of  World's  Fair  Managers.  In 
reply  to  the  remarks  of  the  Commissioner,  the  Gov- 
ernor made  a  short  address,  referring  to  the  historical 
significance  of  the  house  and  to  the  prominent  part 
which  the  Commonwealth  had  always  played  in  the 
nation's  history.  After  dedicating  the  building  to  the 
uses  of  the  citizens  of  the  State,  His  Excellency  and 
party  were  shown  over  the  building,  although  its  then 
condition  gave  but  a  faint  idea  of  the  real  building 
which  six  months  later  was  to  welcome  the  sons  and 
daughters    of  the    Commonwealth. 

The  doors  of  the  Massachusetts  State  Building  were 
thrown  open  to  the  public  on  the  first  day  of  the 
Exposition,  May  1,  1893,  at  8  o'clock  in  the  morn- 
ing; and,  with  the  exception  of  several  days  when 
they  were  necessarily  closed  to  prepare  for  entertain- 
ments to  be  held  in  the  evening,  or  to  brighten  up 
the  paint  which  the  feet  of  many  thousands  of  wel- 
come visitors  had  worn  away,  they  were  ever  open  from 
the  morning  hour  until  6  o'clock  at  night,  for  the 
accommodation  of  visitors,  whose  comfort  the  Board 
and   its   assistants   had   always   in   view. 

It  would  be  diflBcult  to  state  even  approximately 
the  number  of  people  who  visited  the  building  dur- 
ing the  six  months  from  May  1  to  October  30. 
The  Board  is  able,  however,  by  very  careful  esti- 
mates  made,    to   assert   that   not   less   than   eight    hun- 


WORLD'S   FAIR   MANAGERS.  29 

drecl  thousand  people  came  in  and  went  out  of  its 
doors  during  that  period  of  time.  The  two  registers 
record  the  names  of  nearly  one  hundred  thousand 
visitors,  mostly  citizens  of  the  State  or  descendants 
of  Massachusetts  men   and   women. 

During  the  summer  several  entertainments  were 
given  in  the  State  Building,  —  one  on  the  seventeenth 
day  of  June,  which,  at  the  request  of  the  Board, 
had  been  set  apart  by  the  Exposition  authorities  as 
"Massachusetts  Day,"  when  His  Excellency  Gov. 
William  E.  Russell  held  a  reception  within  its  walls, 
to  which  invitations  were  issued  by  the  Massachu- 
setts Board  of  World's  Fair  Managers ;  and  a  recep- 
tion given  by  the  Board,  on  the  evening  of  September 
28,  in  honor  of  the  representatives  of  foreign  gov- 
ernments   and   Exposition   officials. 

The  seventeenth  day  of  June,  the  anniversary  of  the 
battle  of  Bunker  Hill,  was  observed  on  the  grounds  of 
Jackson  Park  in  a  manner  befitting  the  position  and 
dignity  of  the  State  of  Massachusetts.  In  addition  to 
the  reception,  to  which  allusion  has  been  made,  fireworks 
were  displayed  in  the  Court  of  Honor  during  the  even- 
ing, toward  the  expense  of  which  the  Board  of 
World's  Fair  Managers  contributed  the  sum  of  $1,200. 
These  included  not  only  the  usual  display  but  also  set 
pieces,  such  as  "Bunker  Hill  Monument"  and  the 
"  State  Building,"  in  Jackson  Park. 

It  is  interesting  to  know  that  up  to    that  time,  with 


30  EEPOKT   OP  BOARD    OF 

the  exception  of  May  1  and  June  15 — the  day  set 
apart  for  the  German  Government  —  no  larger  niunber 
visited  the  grounds  than  on  "  Massachusetts  Day." 

In  the  evening,  the  Chicago  Society  of  the  Sons  of 
Massachusetts  tendered  to  His  Excellency  the  Governor 
and  the  delegation  accompanying  him  a  public  banquet 
in  the  Auditorium  Hotel,  a  courtesy  which  was  a  mer- 
ited and  pleasant  tribute  from  the  exiled  sons  of  the 
State  to  her  chief  magistrate,  —  a  courtesy,  too,  which 
was  fiilly  appreciated  by  her  citizens  as  an  honor  paid 
to  the  Commonwealth. 

In  a  communication  addressed  to  them  by  a  com- 
mittee representing  the  heads  of  the  several  depart- 
ments in  connection  with  the  Exposition,  the  Massa- 
chusetts Board  of  World's  Fair  Managers  were  asked 
to  loan  the  State  Building  for  the  purpose  of  holding  a 
reception  which  these  gentlemen  desired  to  give  in 
recognition  of  the  services  rendered  to  the  Exposition 
by  the  Commissioners  from  foreign  countries,  the 
Board  of  Lady  Managers,  the  National  Commission  and 
the  State  Commissioners.  Regarding  this  request  as  a 
compliment  to  the  building  which  had  been  erected  by 
the  Commonwealth,  the  Board  were  very  glad  to  grant 
the  permission.  This  reception  given  by  the  exposition 
officials  was  one  of  the  most  brilliant  social  functions 
connected  with  the  Exposition.  It  was  freely  said  that 
no  social  events  which  took  place  on  the  Exposition 
grounds  were   more    successful  or   more  enjoyable  than 


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WORLD'S   PAIR   MANAGERS.  31 

were  those  held  within  the  Massachusetts  State  Build- 
ing. 

The  Board  are  of  opinion  that  the  money  expended 
by  the  Commonwealth  in  thus  returning  civilities  ex- 
tended by  the  Exposition  authorities,  by  foreign  com- 
missions and  by  the  National  Commission  was  well 
expended  and  redounded  to  the  credit  and  good  name 
of  the  State. 

The  Massachusetts  State  Building  called  forth  so 
much  praise,  being  a  reproduction,  in  part,  of  a  house 
well  known  to  Bostonians  of  a  generation  since,  that 
it  has  seemed  to  the  Board  its  architectural  features 
should  be  noted.  Knowing  of  no  one  better  quali- 
fied to  do  this,  they  have  asked  its  architects,  Messrs. 
Peabody  &  Stearns  of  Boston,  to  furnish  them  for  this 
report  a  few  words  in  connection  therewith. 

In  a  letter  received  from  them  under  date  of  Jan. 
16,  1894,  Messrs.  Peabody  &  Stearns  make  use  of  the 
following  words  :  — 

In  casting  about  for  models  that  might  fitly  recall  New 
England  surroundings,  the  old  State  House  at  the  head  of 
State  Street,  and  the  Hancock  mansion,  which  once  stood  on 
Beacon  Hill,  seemed  to  offer  the  best  possible  types.  This 
Hancock  house,  with  its  terraced  gardens,  was  the  most  pict- 
uresque as  well  as  the  most  architectural  of  these  two  build- 
ings. For  these  reasons  it  was  selected  as  a  model.  But 
the  Massachusetts  house  was  never  intended  to  be,  in  abso- 
lute strictness,  a  copy  of  the  old  Hancock  mansion.  The 
old   house  would  have   seemed   lost   in   the    company   of   the 


32  EEPORT    OF  BOARD   OF 

large  fair  buildings,  and  larger  accommodations  were  required 
by  the  State  Commissioners  ;  besides,  the  instructions,  from 
those  in  charge  in  Chicago,  were  distinct,  that  the  State 
buildings  should,  in  all  cases,  be  something  more  than  modest 
private  houses.  In  this  way  it  came  about  that  the  Massa- 
chusetts house  was  an  enlarged  and  enriched  version  of  the 
home  of  the  bold  signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence- 

The  valuable  quality  in  the  design  of  the  original  Han- 
cock house  was  the  air  of  aristocratic  distinction  and  reserve 
and  dignity  that  it  bore,  without  losing  a  homelike  and  com- 
fortable appearance.  Every  endeavor  was  made  to  retain 
these  virtues  in  the  new  building,  but  its  greater  size  made 
additional  features  necessary.  In  adding  these,  old  models 
were  closely  followed ;  the  columns  and  gable  over  the  en- 
trance were  almost  transcripts  of  those  of  a  well-known  man- 
sion at  Danvers,  and  the  lantern,  raised  upon  the  roof  and 
surmounted  by  a  codfish  vane,  was  modelled  on  ancient  lines. 
This  lantern  was  added  to  the  building  in  deference  to  the 
orders  that  the  building  must  be  made  to  look  like  a  State 
building  rather  than  a  private  house.  By  setting  the  terrace 
wall  back  to  the  building  line  and  calling  the  whole  raised 
terrace  an  essential  part  of  the  structure  the  raised  court 
that  surrounded  the  house  was  permitted  by  the  authorities, 
in  spite  of  the  rule  against  enclosed  front  yards.  As  in  the 
old  house,  this  raised  terrace,  with  its  old-fashioned  fences 
and  well-stocked  flower  beds,  added  more  than  any  one  feature 
to  the  look  of  dignified  repose  which  pleased  visitors  to  the 
Massachusetts  house. 

Once  within  the  house,  no  attempt  was  made  to  follow  the 
line  of  the  Hancock  house.  To  make  a  commodious  and 
simple  interior  in  keeping  with  the  exterior  was  the  single 
aim  in  view.  The  staircase,  with  its  broad  landing  and  triple 
window,  is  like  many  that  remain  in  Portsmouth  and  New- 
port.    The  mahogany  doors  and  white  door  frames  and  man- 


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WORLD'S   FAIR   MANAGERS.  33 

tels  and  wainscots  all  followed  the  old  patterns.  The  hall 
was  tiled  with  red  brick  tiles,  browned  with  oil  and  wax. 
In  the  general  office  the  wainscot  and  the  fireplace  were 
made  of  Dutch  blue  tiles  ;  hewn  beams  showed  in  the  ceil- 
ing ;  leather  lire-buckets  hung  from  the  tall  mantel  shelf. 
The  sashes  were  filled  with  leaded  glass,  painted  with  the 
arms  of  early  New  England  settlers,  and  the  room  altogether 
was  such  as  might  have  been,  although  it  followed  no  definite 
model. 

While  the  Massachusetts  house  seemed  to  be  built  of  granite, 
unfortunately  this  was  a  deceit,  the  well-worked  granite  blocks 
being  really  of  staff.  Like  the  larger  buildings  of  the  Fair, 
much  of  the  house  is,  hence,  unfit  for  removal.  The  State, 
however,  still  has  some  property  there  in  the  shape  of  mahog- 
any doors,  handsome  inside  finish,  tiles,  mantels,  fireplaces, 
stairwork  and  stained  glass. 

In  October,  1892,  upon  the  resignation  of  Gen.  John 
W.  Corcoran  to  assume  the  duties  of  Justice  of  the  Su- 
perior Court  of  Massachusetts  to  which  he  had  been 
appointed,  His  Excellency  Gov.  Wm.  E.  Kussell  nomi- 
nated in  his  stead  Gen.  Francis  A.  Walker,  who,  at  the 
first  meeting  of  the  Board  thereafter,  was  elected  to  be 
its  chairman. 

Referring  to  the  Appendix,  where  will  be  found  a 
list  of  those  Massachusetts  exhibitors  who  were  granted 
medals  and  diplomas,  the  Board  wishes  to  briefly  state 
the  system  under  which  these  were  distributed : 

Each  of  the  great  departments  of  the  Exposition  had 
assigned  to  it  a  body  of  jurors,  consisting,  in  each  case, 
of  approximately  fifty  men  and  women.     To  these  jurors 


34  REPORT   OF   BOARD    OF 

was  assigned  the  duty  of  examining  and  reporting  upon 
the  different  exhibits,  in  some  cases  one  juror  alone 
examining  the  exhibit,  while  in  others  the  examining 
board  consisted  of  three  or  more.  Upon  the  written 
report  of  this  juror  or  board  of  jurors  (no  protest  hav- 
ing been  lodged) ,  the  report  of  the  whole  body  of  jurors 
in  each  separate  department  was  based.  The  examina- 
tion of  exhibits  having  been  concluded,  the  iindings  of 
the  jury,  after  having  received  the  approval  of  its  chair- 
man, was  sent  to  the  Bureau  of  Awards,  the  official 
representative  of  the  National  Commission,  for  its  en- 
dorsement. The  decision  of  this  Board  was  final.  By 
them  will  be  distributed  medals  and  diplomas  to  those 
whose  exhibits  were  considered  worthy  of  this  distinc- 
tion, though,  in  all  probability,  the  Bureau  of  Awards 
will  consider  it  advantageous  to  make  actual  delivery  of 
the  same  through  the  medium  of  the  Boards  representing 
the  several  States. 

Twenty-three  thousand  medals  and  diplomas  in  all, 
approximately,  will  be  distributed.  Of  these,  about 
one-half  will  be  awarded  to  American  exhibitors,  the 
balance  goino:  to  foreio;n  nations.  To  the  Common- 
wealth,  as  an  exhibitor,  and  to  the  individual  represent- 
atives of  her  many  industries,  were  awarded  about  six 
hundred   medals    and   diplomas. 

It  must  be  understood  that  the  report  as  herein  made 
as  to  the  distribution  of  medals  and  awards  is  based  on 
the    latest    information   received    from    the    Bureau    of 


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WORLD'S   FAIR  MANAGERS.  35 

Awards  in  connection  with  the  Exposition.  The  Board 
doubts  not  that  there  will  be  some  changes,  but  they 
have  endeavored  to  give  herein  the  best  and  most  trust- 
worthy information  which  they  could  obtain. 

Immediately  after  the  closing  of  the  Exposition,  on  the 
thirty-first  day  of  October,  the  Board  of  World's  Fair 
Managers  busied  themselves  with  such  exhibits  as  were 
within  their  control,  to  see  that  they  were  properly 
packed  and  as  speedily  shipped  as  circumstances  would 
allow.  There  was  considerable  delay  in  this  work,  but 
perhaps  no  more  than  was  natural  under  the  circum- 
stances. The  first  articles  to  claim  their  attention  were 
the  interesting  and  valuable  relics  which  had  been  loaned 
to  them  for  use  in  the  State  Building,  Feelino-  the 
responsibility  which  rested  upon  them,  so  far  as  the 
pictures  were  concerned,  they  decided  to  have  them  all 
taken  from  the  walls  of  the  State  Building  and  sent  to 
the  store  of  an  experienced  picture  dealer  to  be  properly 
packed,  and  thence  sent  direct  to  each  owner  by  express. 
The  articles  which  the  Essex  Institute  had  so  kindly 
loaned  were  turned  over  to  their  ao;ents  in  the  buildino-, 
who  attended  to  the  packing;  while  the  committee  of 
ladies  who  had  generously  provided  a  collection,  which 
was  in  the  ladies'  parlor,  received  them  from  the  Board, 
attending  to  the  shipment  themselves.  The  balance  of 
the  articles  in  the  building,  such  as  furniture,  gas-fittings, 
windows,  tiles,  fireplace  furnishings  and  the  like,  were 
all  packed  under  the  superintendence  of  the  Board  and 


36  EEPOKT   OF   BOARD    OP 

shipped  by  freight  to  Boston,  where  they  were  distributed 
among  their  respective  owners.  There  was,  however, 
within  the  State  Building  a  number  of  pictures  of  Mas- 
sachusetts men  and  women  which  had  been  either  given  to 
the  Board  or  purchased.  These,  being  the  property  of 
the  Commonwealth,  the  Board  of  Managers  have  turned 
over  to  the  Governor  and  Council,  with  the  suggestion 
that  they  be  hung  in  Memorial  Hall,  in  the  extension 
to  the  State  House. 

The  packing  of  the  several  State  exhibits  was  hastened 
as  much  as  possible,  all  of  the  articles  being  forwarded 
by  freight.  It  was  not,  however,  until  the  very  last  days 
of  January  that  the  last  shipment  was  received. 

Perhaps  the  greatest  responsibility  which  came  to  the 
Board  was  the  care  and  final  disposition  of  the  works 
of  art,  to  the  value  of  $140,000,  which  artists  and  pri- 
vate owners  had  generously  loaned  them  that  the  dis- 
play of  the  Commonwealth  in  the  Fine  Arts  Building 
might  be  representative  and  worthy.  Great  delay  was 
experienced  in  the  packing  and  shipping  of  these, 
largely  owing  to  the  very  severe  wintry  weather  in 
Chicago,  preventing  the  packers  from  doing  long-con- 
tinuous work  in  a  building  which  had  within  it  no  means 
of  heating.  The  two  cars,  however,  which  contained 
these  works  of  art  finally  reached  Boston  during  the  last 
week  of  January,  being  consigned  to  the  Charitable  Me- 
chanic Association  Building,  the  basement  of  which  was 
generously    loaned    to    the    Board    for    the    purpose    of 


WORLD'S   FAIR   MANAGERS.  37 

receiving  and  unpacking  these  pictures.  This  latter 
work  was  given  over  into  the  charge  of  Mr.  J.  Eastman 
Chase,  the  Board  having  its  agent  there  to  receive  and 
account  for  the  pictures  as  per  the  inventory  received 
from  the  chief  of  the  department.  The  condition  in 
which  the  pictures  were  received  indicated  very  great 
care  on  the  part  of  the  packers  in  Chicago,  but  little 
damage  having  been  done  to  the  frames,  and  practically 
no  damage  at  all  to  the  works  of  art  themselves.  Those 
frames  which  needed  repairs  were  taken  by  Mr.  Chase 
to  his  place  of  business,  where  the  work  was  done.  It 
was  necessary  that  great  despatch  should  be  used  in  the 
unpacking  and  delivery  of  these  goods  by  reason  of  the 
fact  that  it  was  impossible  to  secure  insurance  to  a  greater 
value  than  $80,000.  Within  six  days  from  the  time  the 
pictures  were  unloaded  from  the  cars  they  were  delivered 
to  their  respective  owners  or  to  the  office  of  Mr.  Chase. 

It  was  with  pain  that  the  Board  approached  the  dis- 
posal of  the  Massachusetts  State  Building,  which  for  the 
six  months  of  the  Exposition  had  been  a  veritable 
Mecca  for  so  very  many  of  the  citizens  of  the  Com- 
monwealth. 

Several  plans  which  they  had  in  view  had  to  be 
abandoned  and  at  the  end  the  Board  were  obliged  to 
resort  to  one  of  those  many  wrecking  companies,  so 
called,  to  whom  were  sold  most  of  the  State  and  many 
of  the  Exposition  buildings.  By  personal  interviews 
with  private  investors  the  Board   hoped  to  be  able  to 


38  EEPOKT    or    BOAKD    OF 

preserve  the  building.  These  efforts  failing  and  the 
time  becoming  very  short  within  which  the  Board  were 
compelled  to  remove  it,  it  was  determined  to  dispose 
of  the  house  to  the  highest  bidder. 

This  action  resulted  in  the  sale  for  the  sum  of  three 
hundred  dollars,  a  sum  which  appears  very  small  when 
compared  with  the  cost,  and  yet  an  amount  fully  equally 
to  that  obtained  by  other  States  whose  buildings  were 
much  larger  than  that  of  ^Massachusetts. 

The  cost  to  the  State  of  the  part  which  she  took  in 
the  Exposition  cannot  justly  be  measured  by  the  state- 
ment of  expenditures  as  shown  hereafter.  Much  of  this 
cost  consisted  of  the  expense  of  collecting  together 
the  so-called  State  exhibit,  most  of  which,  as  will  be 
seen  by  the  several  chapters  relating  to  them  individ- 
ually, have  not  been  dissipated,  but  remain  intact  to 
serve  as  objects  of  study  and  comparison,  from  which  to 
mark  future  progress. 

The  amount  expended  on  the  collection  of  the  public 
school  exhibit  would  have  been  well  spent  indeed,  if  only 
that  the  citizens  of  the  State  might  have  a  pedagogical 
museum,  from  which  one  might  study  and  compare  the 
methods  of  instruction  in  use  in  different  parts  of  the 
State.  This  long-hoped-for  object  the  Board  is  glad  to 
be  able  to  report  has  been  accomplished,  they  having 
turned  over  to  the  State  Board  of  Education  the  entire 
public  school  exhibit  to  form  the  nucleus  of  a  pedagogical 
museum,  for  the  support  of  which  the  last  Legislature 
made  an  appropriation. 


WORLD'S   PAIR   MANAGERS.  39 

The  admirable  State  exhibit  in  the  Bureau  of  Charities 
and  Correction  has  been  placed  in  the  custody  of  the 
Board  of  Lunacy  and  Charity,  in  whose  offices  provision 
has  been  made  for  its  installation  and  care ;  while  the 
agricultural  collection,  together  with  the  comprehensive 
geological  exhibit,  have  been  deposited  as  State  property 
with  the  Agricultural  College,  at  Amherst.  The  State 
Board  of  Health  has  given  the  necessary  space  in  their 
rooms  for  the  complete  and  instructive  exhibit  to  which 
the  interesting  paper  of  Professor  Sedgwick,  printed  here- 
with, refers  at  length. 

These  exhibits  have  been  so  disposed  that  they  may, 
while  remaining  the  property  of  the  Commonwealth,  serve 
as  a  lasting  memorial  of  the  Exposition,  and'  as  an  his- 
torical record  of  the  stage  of  advancement  attained  by 
Massachusetts  in  humane,  philanthropic  and  educational 
work,  giving  at  the  same  time  valuable  opportunities  for 
study  to  her  citizens  as  well  as  to  visitors  from  other 
States  and  countries. 


The  remaining  members  of  the  Board  tind  great  satis- 
faction, upon  concluding  this  report,  in  stating  that  the 
prestige  of  Massachusetts,  as  an  exhibiting  State,  was 
much  enhanced  through  the  influence  exerted  by  the 
Executive  Commissioner,  Mr.  Hovey,  who,  besides  at- 
tending  to   the    duties  of  his    office,   was  able,  as  vice- 


40  EEPORT    OF   BOARD    OP 

president  of  the  Executive  Commissioners'  Association, 
to  render  signal  services  to  the  Exposition  and  its  man- 
agers. That  such  services  were  appreciated  is  evidenced 
by  the  very  notable  testimonial  presented  to  Mr.  Hovey 
by  the  chiefs  of  the  thirteen  principal  departments,  upon 
the  occasion  of  his  departure  from  Chicago.  That  testi- 
monial acknowledges  in  the  strongest  terms  the  work 
which  Mr.  Hovey  had  done  in  connection  with  the  great 
exhibition.  The  Government  of  France,  in  recognition 
of  the  educational,  scientific  and  charitable  work  of  Mas- 
sachusetts, as  exhibited  in  the  Department  of  Liberal 
Arts,  has  conferred  upon  Mr.  Hovey  the  appointment  of 
Officer  of  the  Academy. 


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WORLD'S   FAIR    MANAGERS.  41 


THE  RUMFORD    KITCHEN. 

In  the  Department  of  Hygiene  and  Sanitation  was 
the  exhibit  known  as  "The  Eumford  Kitchen,"  an 
outgrowth  of  the  work  in  the  application  of  the 
principles  of  chemistry  to  the  science  of  cooking, 
which  has  for  three  years  been  carried  on  as  an 
educational  agency  by  Mrs.  Robert  H.  Richards,  of 
the  Massachusetts  Institute  of  Technology,  and  Mrs. 
John  A.  Abel,  with  pecuniary  assistance  from  certain 
public-spirited   citizens    of  Boston. 

The  Massachusetts  Board  of  World's  Fair  Managers, 
recognizing  the  high  scientific  character  of  the  work 
of  the  New  England  Kitchen  over  which  these  ladies 
preside,  and  believing  that  such  a  practical  demon- 
stration of  the  usefulness  of  domestic  science  could 
not  fail  to  be  of  advantage  to  multitudes  of  visitors 
to  the  Columbian  Exposition,  invited  Mrs.  Richards 
and  Mrs.  Abel  to  open  the  Rumford  Kitchen,  as  it 
is  called,  as  a  part  of  the  exhibit  of  Massachusetts, 
in  connection  with  the  Bureau  of  Hygiene  and  San- 
itation. 

In  order  to  reduce,  in  some  degree,  the  expenses  of 
the  exhibit,  the  food  cooked  in  the  Rumford  Kitchen 
was  sold  under  a  concession  from  the  administration 
of  the  Exposition ;  but  it  should  be  understood  that 
it   was    not    in    any   sense    a    money-making    exhibit; 


42  EEPORT    OF   BOARD    OF 

that  nothing  was  cooked  for  the  sake  of  being  sold ; 
and  that  the  exhibit  was  absolutely  a  scientific  and 
educational    one. 

The  Board  refers  with  great  pleasure  to  the  very 
interesting  report  of  Mrs.  Richards  which  follows,  and 
takes  great  satisfaction  in  the  interest  which  this  ex- 
hibit, endorsed  as  it  was  by  the  Commonwealth  of 
Massachusetts,  awakened  among  the  visitors  from  all 
parts  of  the  world.  The  Board  is  confident  that  the 
results  following  the  expenditure  of  State  money  for  the 
purpose  of  making  known  the  scientific  work  done  by 
Mrs.  Richards  and  those  associated  with  her  must  of 
necessity  be  far-reaching  and  tend  to  popularize  the 
very  great  importance  of  the  subject  to  which  it  re- 
lated. 

Boston,  Dec.  27,  1893. 

The  Massachusetts  Board  of  World's  Fair  Managers,  Sears  Build- 
ing, Boston. 

Sirs  :  —  At  your  request,  I  beg  leave  to  submit  the  fol- 
lowing report,  having  to  do  with  the  exhibit  made  under 
your  auspices  under  the  name  of  the  "  Rumford  Kitchen." 

Tlie  removal  of  the  Bureau  of  Hygiene  and  Sanitation, 
late  in  the  season,  from  the  Liberal  Arts  to  the  Anthropo- 
logical Building  necessitated  an  entire  change  of  plans  in  re- 
gard to  this  exhibit.  A  space  thirty  by  forty  feet  was 
secured  near  the  south  door  of  the  Anthropological  Building, 
and  on  this  was  placed  a  one-story  frame  structure  finished 
as  one  room.  The  cost  of  the  house  was  $700 ;  that  of 
the  drainage,  which  was  not  at  all  planned  for  by  the  Ex- 
position authorities  in  laying  out  that  part  of  the  grounds, 
was    S429.87.      The    house    not   being   ready    by    the    1st  of 


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WORLD'S   FAIR   MANAGERS.  43 

August,  it  became  necessary  to  send  everything  by  express. 
On  the  other  hand,  the  labor  incident  to  the  erection  of  this 
building  was  very  much  less  than  it  would  have  been  earlier 
in  the  season.  The  expense  of  the  fittings  and  installation, 
including  models,  charts,  china,  filters,  etc.,  was  $1,822.38, 
of  which  sum  $136.91  was  for  express  alone.  The  total  ex- 
pense connected  with  this  exhibit,  including  wages,  the  cost 
of  food,  gas,  ice  and  other  incidentals,  amounted  to 
$6,111.37.  The  total  receipts  from  all  sources,  including 
sale  of  food  and  sale  of  plant  at  the  end  of  the  Exposition, 
amounted  to  $4,515,  leaving  a  deficit  of  $1,596.37.  From 
the  receipts  for  sale  of  food  there  was  paid  to  the  authori- 
ties the  sum  of  $890.63,  the  same  being  thirty  per  cent,  of 
the  gross  receipts.  Contributions  from  public-spirited  citi- 
zens, amounting  to  $1,900,  were  made  for  the  exhibit.  The 
apparatus  and  a  part  of  the  furniture  was  sold  to  the  Uni- 
versity of  Chicago  for  $250.  The  china  is  at  present  stored. 
The  house  remains  intact,  there  being  a  possibility  that 
something  may  be  obtained  for  it,  it  being  in  such  shape  as 
to  be  readily  removed  and  fitted  for  a  dwelling.  The  models 
and  photographs  which  awakened  so  much  interest  have  been 
removed  to  Boston,  and  a  large  portion  of  the  printed  mat- 
ter calling  attention  to  the  kitchen  and  the  work  done  in 
connection  therewith,  was  left  at  Hull  House,  the  College 
Settlement  in  Chicago,  for  further  distribution,  the  balance 
of  which  was  returned  to  Boston,  being  still  in  constant  de- 
mand. 

The  intention  of  the  exhibit  was  to  illustrate  the  present 
state  of  knowledge  in  regard  to  the  composition  of  materials 
for  human  food,  the  means  of  making  these  materials  most 
available  for  nutrition,  and  the  quantity  of  each  necessary 
for  a  working  ration.  It  was  also  in  part  intended  as  a 
centennial  celebration  of  the  services  to  humanity  of  a  man 
of  Massachusetts  birth  and  parentage,    Benjamin    Thompson, 


44  REPORT    OF   BOARD    OF 

Count  Rumford  of  Bavaria,  the  first  to  apply  the  term 
"  science  of  nutrition "  to  the  study  of  human  food,  and 
the  first  to  apply  science  to  the  preparation  of  food 
materials. 

Not  the  least  valuable  part  of  the  exhibit  consisted  of  the 
series  of  pamphlets  prepared  for  the  Rumford  Kitchen  by 
authorities  in  the  several  departments  of  science  which  re- 
late to  human  food  and  nutrition.  That  such  men  as  Pro- 
fessors Remsen  and  Abel  of  Johns  Hopkins  University, 
Professor  Chittenden  of  Yale  University,  Professor  Sedgwick 
of  the  Institute  of  Technology,  Professor  Howell  and  others 
were  willing  to  prepare  these  scientific  papers  shows  a  great 
step  toward  placing  this  branch  of  sanitary  science  in  its 
rightful   place. 

This  series  is  not  yet  quite  complete,  though  it  will  finally 
appear  in  book  form  as  a  permanent  result  of  the  Chicago 
Exposition. 

The  charts,  diagrams  and  books  of  the  exhibit  were  studied 
with  great  eagerness  and  cannot  but  have  given  impetus  to 
the  investigations  in  these  directions ;  while  the  practical 
outcome  of  the  taste  and  relish  of  the  food  served  was  shown 
in  the  fact  that  some  ten  thousand  people  were  served  dur- 
ing the  two  months  that  the  kitchen  was  open,  between  the 
hours  of  twelve  and  two  only,  in  a  space  so  small  as  to 
permit  only  thirty  people  to  be  seated  at  the  same  time. 

In  order  to  emphasize  the  facts  above  narrated,  the  food 
was  served  in  portions  containing  a  definite  amount  of  nutri- 
tion, and  the  menu  card  on  each  table  gave  the  requirement 
for  one-quarter  of  one  day's  ration,  with  th^  weight  and 
composition  of  each  dish  composing  the  meal.  A  choice  of 
two  or  three  luncheons,  for  which  the  price  was  thirty  cents, 
was  given  each  day,  each  containing  three  or  four  dishes, 
though  an  extra  price  was  made  for  a  glass  of  milk,  for  a 
cup  of  cocoa,  tea  or  coffee. 


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WORLD'S   FAIR   MANAGERS.  45 

The  results  which  go  to  testify  that  this  exhibit  was  a 
recognized  success  are  akeady  apparent.  The  entire  plant 
of  the  exhibit  was  put  into  the  experimental  kitchen  of  the 
Woman's  Dormitories  in  connection  with  the  University  of 
Chicago,  which  is  now  in  Miss  Daniell's  charge,  and  the 
work  has  attracted  so  much  attention  that  not  only  has 
the  great  hospital  for  the  insane  at  Kankakee,  111,,  already 
secured  the  services  of  the  manager  of  the  Boston  Kitchen, 
but  the  institutions  and  universities  of  our  own  State  are 
coming  to  the  kitchen  as  to  headquarters. 

I  take  pleasure  in  saying  that  the  successful  carrying  out 
of  the  plan  adopted  is  largely  due  to  the  interest  taken  in 
and  the  energy  given  to  the  Rumford  Kitchen  by  its  man- 
ager. Miss  Maria  Daniell  of  Boston,  and  by  Mr.  Arthur  R. 
Wilmarth  of  Jamaica  Plain. 

I  remain,  very  respectfully, 

Ellen  H.  Richards. 


46  REPORT    OF   BOARD    OF 


FINE  ARTS. 

Preparatory  to  the  collecting  together  of  an  exhibit 
for  the  Fine  Arts  Section  in  Chicago,  the  chief  of 
this  department,  Mr.  Halsey  C.  Ives,  appointed  in 
several  cities  of  the  United  States  advisory  commit- 
tees to  co-operate  with  him  in  the  selection  of  pict- 
ures which  should  best  represent  the  work  of  the 
artists  of  these  several  localities.  For  Massachusetts, 
this  committee  consisted  of  Mr.  J.  J.  Enneking, 
chairman ;  Mr.  Edmund  C.  Tarbell,  Mr.  Thomas 
Allen,  Mr.  I.  M.  Gaugengigl,  Mr.  Daniel  C.  French, 
and   Mr.    Frederick   P.   Vinton,   secretary. 

Soon  after  their  appointment,  a  conference  was  held 
between  this  committee  and  the  Board  of  World's 
Fair  Managers,  from  which  time  until  the  pictures 
were  safely  returned  to  their  owners  there  was  noth- 
ing  but   the   heartiest   co-operation  between   them. 

Through  the  courtesy  of  the  Massachusetts  Chari- 
table Mechanic  Association  there  were  placed  at  the 
disposal  both  of  the  committee  and  of  the  Board 
rooms  within  their  building  which  were  utilized  by 
the  Board  for  the  reception  of  pictures  sent  from  all 
parts  of  the  State  to  be  judged  by  the  Advisory 
Committee. 

The  Board  of  World's  Fair  Managers  deemed  it 
wise   that   such   pictures   as    should   be    selected    to    go 


WOKLD'S   FAIK   MANAGERS.  47 

to   Chicago   as   representative    of    the   work   of    Massa- 
chusetts  artists    should    be    placed    on    exhibition,    be- 
lieving that  the  collection   would  be    of  interest   to  the 
citizens    of   the    State,    and  that   even   from   the    small 
entrance  fee  charged  enough  revenue  would  be  obtained 
to   liquidate   the    expenses    incident    to    the    collection 
and   exhibition  of  these  works  of  art.     For  two  weeks 
the  rooms  were  visited   from  ten  in   the  morning  until 
ten  in  the  evening  by  large  numbers.     The  Board  was 
able   to    send  to   the   Treasurer   of   the    Commonwealth 
a  check  for   $455.25,  as   representing   the   net   revenue 
of  the    exhibition.     At  the    close  of  the  exhibition  the 
pictures  were   removed   to   the   basement   of  the   build- 
ing, where,  under  the   superintendence  of  Mr.  J.  East- 
man  Chase,    they   were   packed   and   loaded    on    board 
the    cars   for    Chicago,    arriving   there   in    good    condi- 
tion  within  ten   days    of  the   date    of  their   shipment. 
Including  oil  paintings,  water  colors,  sculpture,  archi- 
tectural  drawings,  and  engravings  and   etchings,  works 
of  art  to  the  number  of  about  three  hundred  were  sent 
to    Chicago,    of    a  total  valuation   of  nearly   $140,000. 
From    the    time     of    their    arrival     in    Chicag-o    until 
the    day   when  they   were    loaded  upon    the    cars    for 
their   return,    they  were   in   the   custody   of  the   Expo- 
sition  authorities,  the   Massachusetts  Board  of  World's 
Fair   Managers   having   during  that   period   of  time  no 
jurisdiction   over  them   whatever.     Included  in  the  list 
(Appendix   C)    of    Massachusetts    exhibitors   to    whom 


48  REPORT    OP   BOARD    OF 

were  awarded  diplomas  and  medals  for  their  exhibits 
will  be  found  the  names  of  those  artists  and  archi- 
tects within  the  Commonwealth  who  received  such 
commendation.  The  catalogue  (Appendix  D)  show- 
ing the  names  of  those  who  exhibited  in  Chicago, 
together  with  the  titles  of  the  works  exhibited,  in- 
cludes a  large  number  of  those  best  known  in  the  State. 

The  Board  takes  pleasure  in  adding  to  this  pre- 
liminary report  of  theirs  on  the  Department  of  Fine 
Arts  the  following  paper,  written  by  the  well-known 
art  critic,  Mr.  C.  Howard  Walker,  which  establishes 
the  position  which  the  Commonwealth  occupied  in 
this   department :  — 

MASSACHUSETTS    IN    THE    DEPARTMENT  OF  FINE  ARTS 
AT  THE    WORLD'S    COLUMBIAN   EXPOSITION. 

By  C.  Hoavard  Walker. 

The  work  of  Massachusetts  artisans  and  architects  at  the 
Columbian  Exposition  was  by  no  means  confined  to  the  ex- 
hibit of  fine  arts  accredited  to  the  State. 

From  the  first  conception  of  the  Exposition  Massachusetts 
men  contributed  in  each  department  of  art,  and  the  extent 
of  their  contribution  and  its  importance  can  best  be  judged 
by  citing  the  names  of  the  artists  and  the  extent  and  char- 
acter of  their  work. 

The  general  arrangement  of  the  landscape  gardening,  the 
idea  of  taking  advantage  of  the  waters  of  the  lake  by  intro- 
ducing lagoons  and  tlie  plan  of  the  grounds  was  by  Messrs. 
Olmsted  &  Codman  of  Brookline,  and  was  developed  and 
carried  to  completion  to  a  great  extent  by  the  late  Mr.  Cod- 


WORLD'S  PAIR   MANAGERS.  ,      49 

man,  to  whose  acknowledged  skill  much  of  the  very  success- 
ful effect  of  the  grounds  was  due. 

Of  the  architects  of  the  principal  buildings  the  following 
were  either  residents  of  Massachusetts  or  were  natives  of 
the  State :  Messrs.  Peabody  &  Stearns,  architects  of 
Machinery  Hall ;  Messrs.  Van  Brunt  &  Howe,  architects 
of  the  Electricity  Building ;  Mr.  Charles  B.  Atwood,  archi- 
tect of  the  Fine  Arts  Building,  of  the  Casino  and  Peristyle, 
the  Terminal  Station,  the  Forestry  Building,  and  of  the 
numerous  bridges,  kiosks  and  monumental  columns ;  Mr. 
Sullivan,  of  Adler  &  Sullivan,  architects  of  the  Transporta- 
tion Building ;  Mr.  Henry  Ives  Cobb,  architect  of  the  Fish- 
eries Building,  and  Miss  Sophia  Hayden,  architect  of  the 
Woman's  Building.  Several  of  the  smaller  buildings,  such 
as  the  Merchant  Tailors'  Building,  by  Mr.  Atwood,  and  the 
Rhode  Island  Building,  by  Mr.  Wilson,  of  Stone,  Carpen- 
ter &  Wilson,  were  also  by  Massachusetts  men. 

In  sculpture  the  State  was  represented  by  the  work  of 
Mr.  D.  C.  French,  who  was  the  sculptor  of  the  statue  of 
the  Republic,  and  of  the  figures  iu  the  two  groups  in  front 
of  the  main  entrance  to  the  Agricultural  Building  and  in 
the  quadriga  above  the  arch  of  the  Peristyle. 

In  decoration,  Mr.  F.  D.  Millet,  who  had  charge  of  the 
decoration  of  the  buildings,  was  a  native  of  the  State,  as 
was  Mr.  Edward  Simmons,  who  decorated  one  of  the  domes 
of  the  Liberal  Arts  Building. 

In  the  exhibition  of  retrospective  art  Massachusetts  was 
represented  by  such  names  as  those  of  Allston,  Hunt,  Fuller, 
Foxcroft  Cole,  John  Johnson.  There  were  three  AUstons, 
of  which  the  "  Danre "  was  perhaps  the  most  character- 
istic;  three  by  Hunt,  one  of  which  was  the  "Niagara"  and 
another  the  "  Marguerite."  The  Fullers  were  an  original 
study  for  the  "Romany  G-irl"  and  the  "Quadroon,"  the 
latter  one  of  the  best  examples  of  Fuller's  work. 


50  KEFORT    OF   BOARD    OF 


CONTEMPORARY  ART. —  OIL  PAINTINGS. 

Total  number  in  catalogue,         ....    1,154 
Sent  from  Massachusetts, 134 

To  those  sent  by  the  State  should  be  added  many  paint- 
ings by  Massachusetts  men  which  appeared  in  the  exhibits 
of  Paris  and  New  York.  Amongst  these  were  paintings  by 
F.  D.  Millet,  Metcalf,  Walter  G-ay,  E.  L.  Weeks,  Swain 
Gifford,  Childe  Hassam,  J.  Appleton  Brown,  Theodore 
Robinson,  Bicknell  and  Edward  Simmons  —  in  all  forty- 
seven  paintings. 

In  the  contemporary  exhibit  there  were  pictures  represent- 
ative of  most  of  the  modern  schools  of  painting,  the  in- 
fluence of  Paris,  of  Munich,  of  the  Impressionists  and  of  the 
Italian  masters  each  being  evident. 

About  one-third  of  the  paintings  were  landscapes,  in 
which  was  apparent  a  marked  preference  for  quiet  color  and 
atmospheric  effect.  Among  the  landscapists  were  Charles 
Davis,  who  sent  four  canvases ;  Charles  H.  Hayden,  repre- 
sented by  three  scenes  of  New  England  pastures;  Thomas 
Allen,  whose  "  Moonrise "  was  one  of  the  best  examples  of 
his  work;  Enneking,  whose  "October  Twilight"  was  full  of 
warmth  of  color;  and  Elwell,  who  sent  a  "Moonrise  in 
Holland." 

Marines  were  by  W.  E.  Norton,  who  sent,  among  others, 
his  "Return  of  the  Herring  Fleet;"  A.  H.  Munsell,  a  paint- 
ing entitled  "  Ship  Ahead,"  and  Walter  Dean,  whose 
"Peace"  was  a  large  canvas  representing  the  white 
squadron. 

Portraiture  was  exceptionally  well  represented  by  Benson's 
'' Portrait  in  White"  and  "Girl  with  Red  Shawl,"  the  lat- 
ter one  of  the  frankest  pieces  of  fine  color  handling  in  the 
Exposition;  by   Tarbell's    "My    Sister   Lydia,"  very    simply 


WORLD'S   FAIK   MANAGEKS.  51 

and  sweetly  painted ;  by  the  excellent  series  of  portraits  by 
Vinton,  and  especially  by  his  "  Portrait  of  a  Lady,"  which 
had  already  been  accorded  high  rank  at  the  Salon,  and  by 
DeCump's  skilful  "  Carnation  and  Black."  Of  the  remain- 
ing portraits  those  by  Mrs.  Perry  of  two  children,  one  with 
violin  and  the  other  with  'cello,  suggested  the  work  of  some 
of  the  sixteenth  centuiy  Italians,  and  were  painted  with 
much  poetic  feeling.  F.  M.  Freer,  E.  G.  Niles,  E.  H. 
Barnard,  Ernest  L.  Major,  I.  H.  Caliga,  W.  W.  Church- 
ill, Jr.,  C.  A.  Cranch,  Miss  Putnam,  Miss  Klumpke,  Miss 
Hallowell,  Miss  Fairchild,  and  Mrs.  Whitman  were  each 
represented   by   portraits. 

Of  the  paintings  with  figures.  Miss  M.  L.  Macomber's 
"Annunciation"  and  "Love  Awakening  Memory"  had 
great  merit,  beautiful  in  color  and  composition  and 
painted  with   skill ;    they   were   of   exceptionally    high    rank. 

Gaugengigl  sent  "  The  Rehearsal,"  "  The  Manuscript," 
"  The  Chanson  d'Amour,"  each  with  much  expression  of 
motive  and  of  character ;  Charles  Sprague  Pearce  sent  a 
"  Village  Funeral  in  Picardy,"  and  Ernest  Major  a  "St. 
Genevieve "  of  somewhat  the  same  school.  Tarbell's  "  In 
the  Orchard "  was  one  of  the  nearest  approaches  to  im- 
pressionism in  the  Massachusetts  exhibit,  and  was  full  of 
sunlight  and  plain  air.  Tompkins'  "  Good  Friday "  was  in 
sharp  contrast,  dark  and  sombre,  but  simply  painted. 
Stacey  Tolman's  "Etcher"  was  well  studied  in  values  of 
light  and  shade.  Kronberg's  "  Behind  the  Footlights," 
of  a  dancer  in  scarlet  and  crimson,  was  a  successful 
"  tour  de  force." 

There  should  be  mention  made  also  of  Childe  Hassam's 
suggestive  views  of  Parisian  and  of  New  York  streets,  of 
Walter  Gay's  studies  of  monks  and  of  Parisian  charity 
schools,  of  Simmons'  "Carpenter's  Son,"  Metcalf's  "Tuni- 
sian   Market,"    Swain    Gifford's    landscapes,    E.    L.    Weeks' 


52  REPORT    OF   BOARD    OF 

scenes  in  India,  and  F.  D.  Millet's  excellent  series  of 
figure  composition,  such  as  "The  Rook  and  Pigeon," 
Anthony   Van   Corlear's    "The   Trumpeter"    and   others. 

There  were  but  eleven  water  colors,  —  several  by  Thomas 
Allen,  a  landscape  by  C.  F.  Pierce,  a  "Winter  Moonlight" 
by  H.  A.  Hallett,  a  strong  study  of  "Windswept  Beaches" 
by  E.  C.  Cabot,  and  several  water  colors  by  Ross  Turner, 
his  studies  of  Japanese  pottery  being  especially  skilful. 

The  four  pastels  by  J.  Apple  ton  Brown  were  of  great 
beauty. 

Of  the  490  black  and  whites,  pen-and-ink  and  wash  draw- 
ings upon  the  official  catalogue,  none  were  sent  directly  from 
Massachusetts,  but  69  of  those  catalogued  were  by  Massa- 
chusetts artists,  and  those  were  amongst  the  best  in  the 
exhibition.  Of  them  the  exceptionally  fine  series  of  pen 
drawings  by  C.  D.  Gribson,  sent  by  "  Life,"  deserves  espe- 
cial mention.  Next  to  these  the  ten  drawings  by  F.  G. 
Attwood,  also  made  for  "  Life,"  were  full  of  humor  and  of 
the  best  qualities  of  the  caricaturist.  There  were  also  draw- 
ings by  F.  D.  Millet,  F.  O.  Small,  W.  L.  Taylor,  and  six 
pencil  drawings  by  C.  H.  Woodbury,  treated  with  great 
freedom  and  breadth. 

ENGRAVINGS.   ETCHINGS,   ETC. 

Total  number  in  catalogue, 627 

Sent  by  Massachusetts,  ......        46 

To  these  should  be  added  six  etchings  by  Swain  Gifford 
and  thirteen  engravings  by  Elbridge  Kingsley. 
'  Closson  had  the  largest  exhibit  of  engravings,  those  after 
Rembrandt,  Couture,  Fuller  and  Thayer  having  especial  re- 
finement; Dana's  landscapes,  after  J.  Appleton  Brown  and 
F.  Hopkinson  Smith,  were  also  excellent. 

Wm.  P.  Cleaves  sent  a  series  of  six  New  Hampshire  views. 


WORLD'S   FAIR   MANAGERS.  53 

S.  A.  Schoff,  a  number  of  etchings  and  three  engravings. 

H.  E.  Sylvester,  a  series  of  engravings  for  the  Century 
Company. 

Charles  A.  Walker,  a  fine  collection  of  reproductive  etch- 
ings, after  Daubigny,  Corot,  Dupre,  Tryon,  Maure  and  Meis- 
sonier. 

SCULPTURE. 

Total  number  in  catalogue,    .....       148 
Sent  by  Massachusetts, 34 

Of  these  the  most  important  were  the  following:  "Death 
and  the  Sculptor,"  by  D.  C.  French,  a  very  beautiful  group, 
and  the  "Youthful  Sophocles"  and  a  "  Hunting  Nymph,"  by 
John  Donoghue.  Wm.  Ordway  Partridge  contributed  casts 
of  the  Shakespeare  statue  for  Lincoln  Park,  Chicago,  and  of 
the  Hamilton  statue  for  the  Hamilton  Club,  Brooklyn.  Max 
Bachmann's  "Son  of  Man  "and  Kitson's  "Christ  Crucified" 
and  "  Age  of  Stone  "  were  the  other  statues  sent.  Smaller 
figures  of  merit  were  the  "Young  Orphans"  and  "On  the 
Banks  of  the  Oise,"  by  Miss  Ruggles  (Mrs.  Kitson)  ;  the 
"Music  of  the  Sea,"  by  H.  H.  Kitson;  "  Titania  and 
Bottom,"  by  F.  G.  Wesselhoeft.  There  were  ideal  heads 
by  Miss  Bradley,  Miss  Whitney,  Mrs.  Kitson,  W.  O.  Part- 
ridge, and  portrait  busts  by  D.  C.  French,  W.  O.  Partridge, 
Kitson,  Bachmann  and  Miss  Bradley. 

ARCHITECTURAL  DRAWINGS. 

Total  number  in  catalogue, 268 

Sent  from  Massachusetts, 47 

To  these  should  be  added  two  drawings  by  Shepley,  Rutan 
&  Coolidge,  one  by  Herbert  Everett,  one  by  Peabody, 
Stearns  &  Furber  and  four  by  Walker  &  Kimball. 


54  EEPORT    OF   BOARD    OF 

Of  drawings  of  public  buildings  there  were  five  of  tlie 
Carnegie  Music  Hall,  Pittsburgh,  by  Longfellow,  Alden  & 
Harlow,  and  one  of  the  Cambridge  City  Hall,  by  the  same 
firm ;  a  design  for  an  alteration  of  the  old  State  House, 
Boston,  by  E.  M.  Wheelwright,  and  two  drawings  of  the 
Public  Library,  Omaha,  by  Walker  &  Kimball,  and  the  Art 
Institute  at  Chicago,  by  Shepley,  Rutan  &  Coolidge. 

The  drawings  of  business  buildings  sliowu  were  those  of 
the  Equitable  Building  at  Denver,  by  Andrews,  Jaques  & 
Eantoul ;  the  Ames  Building,  Boston,  by  Shepley,  Rutan  & 
Coolidge,  and  the  McCague  Bank  Building  and  the  Nebraska 
Telephone  Building,  Omaha,  by  Walker  &  Kiinball. 

Church  architecture  was  well  represented  by  designs  for 
St.  Matthew's  Cathedral,  Dallas,  Texas  ;  All  Saints'  Church, 
Dorchester,  Mass.,  and  St.  Paul's  Church,  Brockton,  Mass., 
all  by  Crum,  Wentworth  &  Goodhue  ;  St.  Augustine's  Church, 
Boston,  by  Sturgis  &  Cabot,  and  the  Mount  Vernon  Church, 
Boston,  the  Presbyterian  Church,  Omaha,  and  a  design  for 
the  Walnut  Street  Church,  Brookline,  Mass.,  by  Walker  & 
Kimball. 

Andrews,  Jaques  &  Rantoul  sent  drawing  of  proposed 
Colorado  College  at  Colorado  Springs.  H.  Langford  Warren 
sent  designs  for  proposed  Conservatory  of  Music  for  the 
Troy  Female  Seminary  and  views  of  the  Troy  Orphan  Asy- 
lum. Sturgis  &  Cabot  sent  drawings  of  Rexleigh  School, 
Salem,  N.  Y.,  and  E.  M.  Wheelwright,  design  of  the 
Hospital  for  Contagious  Diseases  and  for  the  Shaw  Memo- 
rial School,  Boston.  Peabody  &  Stearns  contributed  a  frame 
of  admirable  office  sketching  and  a  drawing  of  Machinery 
Hall.  J.  C.  Schweinfurth  sent  his  competitive  design  for  the 
New  York  Fine  Arts  Society  Building. 

House  architecture  was  represented  by  designs  by  Andrews, 
Jaques  &  Rantoul;  Longfellow,  Alden  &  Harlow;  Rotch  & 
Tilden;   J.  C.  Schweinfurth;   H.  Langford  Warren;   Wheel- 


AVOKLD'S   FAIE   MANAGERS.  55 

Wright  &  Haven  ;  Peabocly,  Stearns  &  Furber ;  Little,  Brown 
&  Moore  and  Walker  &  Kimball. 

There  were  some  excellent  sketches  of  foreign  architecture 
by  Dwight  Binney ;  by  George  F.  Newton,  two  especially  fine 
architectural  water  coloi's  of  the  Colleoni  statue,  Venice,  and 
of  a  bas  relief  at  S.  Maria  dis  Miracoli,  Venice,  by  Joseph 
Lindon  Smith. 

The  American  architectural  drawings  throughout  were  of  a 
different  character  from  those  received  from  abroad,  the  lat- 
ter being  in  most  cases  careful  scale  drawings,  rendered  in 
line,  with  shadows  cast ;  the  English  prospective  drawings 
were  very  carefully  done,  and  evidently  had  received  more 
study  than  those  of  the  United  States. 

The  drawings  from  Massachusetts  were  in  most  instances 
perspectives  in  water  color  or  in  pen-and-ink,  were  often 
cleverly  sketched,  and  bore  comparison  favorably  with  the 
remainder  of  the  United  States  exhibit  in  architecture,  but 
they  were  not  as  accurate,  as  carefully  drawn,  or  as  faith- 
fully studied  as  the  work  from  abroad.  Most  of  the  designs 
from  Massachusetts  were  of  semi-picturesque  character,  very 
little  of  it  being  along  so-called  academic  lines. 

In  other  buildings  than  the  Art  Building  there  were  occa- 
sional exhibits  of  art  from  Massachusetts, — such,  for  in- 
stance, as  the  exhibition  of  architectural  designs  from  the 
Massachusetts  Institute  of  Technology,  which  was  very  sat- 
isfactory ;  the  excellent  exhibit  of  the  School  of  Drawing 
and  Painting  of  the  Museum  of  Fine  Atts,  Boston,  includ- 
ing work  in  oil  and  water  color  painting  and  in  decoration. 
The  public  schools  of  the  State  showed  their  work  in  draw- 
ing, which  was  susceptible  of  improvement,  though  good  as 
a  whole.  Of  industrial  art  there  were  numerous  exhibits, 
the  principal  ones  being  of  iron  and  brass  work  by  the  Mur- 
dock  Parlor  Grate  Company,  and  of  colored  faience  by  At- 
wood  &  Grueby,  and  some  excellent  exhibits  of  china 
painting,  pottery  and  wood  carving. 


56  REPORT    OF   BOARD    OF 

In  the  Woman's  Building  a  number  of  embroideries  ex- 
hibited in  the  exceptionally  fine  exhibit  of  the  Society  of 
Associated  Artists  of  New  York  were  by  Massachusetts 
women. 

It  will  be  seen  from  this  report  that  of  the  thirteen  im- 
portant buildings  of  the  Exposition,  eight  were  designed  by 
Massachusetts  architects,  or  by  natives  of  the  State ;  that 
the  Machinery  Hall  and  Colonnade,  Electricity  Building,  and 
Casino  and  Peristyle  of  the  Court  of  Honor  were  due  to  the 
genius  of  men  of  this  State,  and  that  the  general  scheme  of 
the  Exposition  grounds  was  conceived  in  Massachusetts. 

Of  the  2,802  numbers  upon  the  ofHcial  catalogue  of  the 
exhibit  of  fine  arts  364  can  be  accredited  to  Massachusetts. 
The  juries  of  acceptance  were  especially  careful  in  making 
their  selections,  and  it  is  due  to  this  fact  that  the  exhibit 
was  not  numerically  stronger,  fully  sixty  per  cent,  of  the 
paintings,  etc.,  entered  being  rejected.  But  it  is  also  due 
to  this  fact  that  everything  sent  had  merit. 


WORLD'S   FAIR   MANAGERS.  57 


HORTICULTURE. 

The  collection  of  an  exhibit  for  the  Horticultural 
Department  in  connection  with  the  World's  Columbian 
Exposition  gave  the  Board  of  World's  Fair  Managers 
more  anxiety  than  perhaps  did  any  other  exhibit  over 
which  they  had  control.  This  was  due,  in  a  large 
measure,  to  the  lack  of  interest  on  the  part  of  those 
who  would  naturally  be  expected  to  make  contributions. 

After  repeated  consultations  with  the  members  of  the 
Horticultural  Society,  as  well  as  with  the  representa- 
tives of  the  State  Board  of  Agriculture,  it  was  deter- 
mined that  no  efforts  should  be  made  to  display  the 
fruits  and  vegetables  of  the  Commonwealth,  and  that 
the  Board  would  utilize  only  the  space  which  had  been 
set  aside  for  it,  both  within  the  Horticultural  Buildino; 
and  on  the  Wooded  Island,  to  display  its  plants,  its 
shrubs  and  its  flowers.  Upon  arriving  at  this  deter- 
mination, the  Board  appointed  Mr.  J.  H.  Woodford  as 
its  agent  to  collect  the  plants  which  should  be  installed 
within  the  Horticultural  Building,  and  gave  over  to 
Mr.  Jacob  W.  Manning,  the  well-known  nurseryman  of 
Reading,  the  space  assigned  to  the  Commonwealth  on 
the  Wooded  Island,  within  which  to  make  an  individ- 
ual exhibit. 

Through  the  generosity  and  public  spirit  of  many 
citizens  of  the  State  owning  private  conservatories,  Mr. 


5S  REPORT    OF   BOARD    OF 

Woodford  was  enabled  to  bring  together  a  collection 
of  plants  which  did  full  credit  to  the  space  assigned  to 
the  Commonwealth.  These  plants  were  taken  care  of 
by  the  chief  of  the  Department  of  Horticulture,  at  the 
expense  of  the  Exposition,  and  at  its  end  were,  by  the 
Massachusetts  Board  of  World's  Fair  Managers,  given 
to  the  Commissioners  of  the  South  Park  of  Chicago, 
as  a  contribution  of  the  Commonwealth  to  ornament 
this,  one  of  the  many  beautiful  parks  of  that  city. 


WORLD'S   PAIR   MANAGERS.  59 

AGRICULTURE. 

Soon  after  their  appointment  the  Massachusetts  Board 
of  World's  Fair  Managers  had  a  conference  with  the 
State  Board  of  Agriculture,  from  which  time  the  Board 
was  in  constant  consultation  and  co-operation  with  Mr. 
Francis  H.  Appleton,  a  member  of  the  State  Board. 
With  him  were  made  repeated  visits  to  Amherst, 
where  are  erected  the  State  Agricultural  College  and 
the  Experiment  Station,  both  of  which  were  asked  to 
lend  their  co-operation  to  the  collecting  together  and 
final  installation  of  an  exhibit  of  such  agricultural  in- 
terests as  should  reflect  the  most  credit  upon  the  State. 

When  it  became  necessary  to  take  action  in  collect- 
ing specimens  of  crops,  the  Board  appointed  as  its 
a^ent  Mr.  John  C.  Dillon,  a  resident  of  Amherst,  who 
had  at  one  time  been  connected  with  the  Agricultural 
College.  Through  the  hearty  co-operation  which  came 
to  him  from  the  president  and  professors  of  the  Agri- 
cultural College,  from  the  authorities  of  the  Experiment 
Station,  as  well  as  from  the  farmers  throughout  the 
State,  Mr.  Dillon  was  enabled  to  collect  an  exhibit  of 
crops  which,  with  the  aid  of  diagrams,  charts  and  statis- 
tics, showed  very  satisfactorily  the  agricultural  interests 
of  the  Commonwealth. 

To  this  exhibit  the  Gypsy  Moth  Commission  fur- 
nished a  case,  which,  though  small  in  dimensions, 
showed  in  a  highly  graphic  manner  the  important  work 


60  REPORT    OF   BOARD    OF 

accomplished  by  them.  Within  this  case  was  a  minia- 
ture tree  upon  which  might  be  seen  the  worm  of  the 
gypsy  moth,  showing  the  leaves  it  fed  upon,  its  method 
of  destruction,  and  also  the  birds  which  are  its  enemies. 
This  was  an  instructive  lesson,  and  was  in  itself  the 
justification  for  the  expenditure  which  had  been  made 
by  the  Gypsy  Moth  Commission  in  their  endeavors  to 
wipe  out  this  pest,  and  it  cannot  be  doubted  that  the 
lessons  which  it  taught  were  of  value  to  the  scientists 
of  other  States  in  that  they  saw  the  advantage  which 
might  be  taken  by  them  of  the  investigations  and  re- 
search already  made  by  the  Commonwealth  and  at  its 
expense,  if  it  should  happen  that  their  own  States 
should  become  the  home  of  the  gypsy  moth. 

Such  portion  of  the  agricultural  exhibit  as  originally 
came  from  the  Agricultural  College,  together  with  speci- 
mens of  crops  which  had  been  collected  from  diflFerent 
parts  of  the  State,  were  returned  to  the  college,  while 
the  contributions  of  the  Experiment  Station  were  sent 
to  its  officers.  The  exhibit  of  the  Gypsy  Moth  Com- 
mission has  by  the  Board  of  Managers  been  placed  in 
the  keeping  of  the  State  Board  of  Agriculture  until 
such  time  as  the  Gypsy  Moth  Commission  secures 
rooms  of  its  own  within  which  to  place  it. 

A  list  of  articles  exhibited  within  this  section  ap- 
pears in  Appendix  D,  while  the  names  of  those  to 
whom  awards  were  made  in  the  agricultural  section 
of  the  Commonwealth  will  be  found  in  Appendix  C. 


WORLD'S   PAIR   MAISTACIERS.  61 

In  calling  attention  to  Mr.  Dillon's  report,  annexed 
hereto,  the  Board  desires  to  express  its  full  appre- 
ciation of  the  co-operation  which  it  at  all  times 
received  from  him  and  to  thus  place  on  record  its 
hearty  approval  of  the  results  attained  through  his 
energy  and  enthusiasm. 

Massachusetts  Board  of  WorhVs  Fair  Managers :  — 

Dear  Sirs:  —  lu  obedience  to  your  instructions,  I  beg  to 
submit  a  report  of  my  work  in  preparing  and  arranging  the 
Massacliusetts  exhibit  of  farm  crops,  and  what,  so  far  as  I 
am  informed  and  believe,  was  the  lesson  which  tliis  exhibit 
taught  and  the  end  which  it  accomplished. 

On  receiving  my  appointment  as  your  agent  in  August, 
1892,  I  gave  the  matter  my  serious  consideration,  and  after 
consulting  many  gentlemen  of  recognized  judgment  and  ex- 
perience I  decided  that  to  make  a  truly  representative  pres- 
entation of  the  crops  of  the  State  it  would  be  desirable  to 
enlist  the  sympathy  and  assistance  of  the  agricultural  socie- 
ties and  the  granges  of  Patrons  of  Husbandry  throughout 
the  State. 

I  therefore  prepared  and  mailed  copies  of  Circular  No.  1 
(copy  sent  herewith)  to  the  secretaries  of  all  the  agricult- 
ural societies,  the  lecturers  of  district  granges,  and  to  many 
other  parties  in  the  State.  The  responses  I  received  were 
very  cordial  and  encouraging,  most  of  the  secretaries  send- 
ing me  complimentary  tickets  to  their  exhibitions,  and  all 
promising  to  do  what  they  could  to  further  the  objects 
of  the  Commission  and  to  contribute  to  the  credit  of  the 
State. 

During  the  months  of  September  and  October  I  attended 
twenty-six  agricultural  fairs  and  solicited  and  secured  the 
promise  of  many  of  the   best   specimens   of    farm    crops.      I 


62  REPORT    OF    BOARD    Or 

also  obtained  from  the  secretaries  of  those  societies  whose 
fairs  I  had  been  unable  to  attend  lists  of  those  who  had 
taken  premiums ;  and,  by  correspondence  with  these  gentle- 
men, I  secured  the  promise  of  many  valuable  contributions 
to  the  State  exhibit. 

The  object  I  sought  and  measurably  secured  by  these  ar- 
rangements was  to  obtain  a  liberal  supply  of  superior  speci- 
mens for  our  exhibit,  and  to  avoid  incurring  unnecessary 
expense  by  collecting  inferior  specimens  or  superfluous  speci- 
mens, even  though  the  quality  of  them  might  be  all  thnt 
could  be  desired. 

In  letters  soliciting  contributions  I  usually  enclosed  a  copy 
of  Circular  No.  2  (also  sent  herewith),  which  saved  me  the 
labor  of  stating  the  general  purposes  of  the  Commission. 

To  secure  compliance  with  the  requirements  of  the  chief 
of  the  Agricultural  Department  of  the  World's  Columbian 
Exposition,  I  had  printed  and  mailed  three  hundred  copies 
each  of  Circulars  No.  3  and  No.  4.  No.  3  contains  a 
series  of  questions  relating  to  the  locality,  ownership  and 
cultivation  of  each  specimen  contributed,  and  No.  4  contains 
the  same  questions,  with  specimen  answers  to  show  contribu- 
tors just  what  information  it  is  desired  that  they  should  fur- 
nish. These  data,  when  received,  were  digested  and  the 
substance  of  them  copied  on  the  description  cards,  No.  5 
(sample  herewith) ,  which  were  then  attached  to  the  specimens 
for  the  information  of  committees  and  visitors  at  the  World's 
Fair. 

In  conference  with  you,  Secretary  Sessions  of  the  State 
Board,  and  Secretary  Apple  ton  of  the  Massachusetts  Society 
for  Promoting  Agriculture,  it  was  decided  that  it  would  be 
impossible  to  make  a  candid  presentation  of  the  agriculture 
of  Massachusetts  without  acknowledging  the  growing  impor- 
tance of  commercial  fertilizers ;  and,  therefore,  permission 
was  given  to  the  Bowker  Fertilizer  Company  and  the  Bradley 


WORLD'S    FAIR   MANAGERS.  63 

Fertilizer  Company,  the  two  principal  fertilizer  manufacturers 
in  Massachusetts,  to  exhibit  photographs  of  crops  grown  on 
these  manures. 

By  your  permission  I  hired  a  hall  in  Amherst  for  the  re- 
ception and  storage  of  specimens,  and  on  the  19th  of  De- 
cember the  collection  was  inspected  by  yourself  and  Mr. 
Appleton,  and  by  your  instructions  I  prepared  and  sent  to 
you  a  sketch  of  design  for  the  arrangement  of  the  exhibit 
at  the  World's  Fair. 

I  was  also  instructed  to  obtain  specimens  of  tobacco  for 
the  formation  of  a  separate  exhibit  of  leaf  tobacco,  and  I 
accordingly  secured  a  collection  of  a  hundred  samples  of 
Havana  and  Connecticut  seed-leaf  tobacco  grown  in  Mas- 
sachusetts, which  I  deposited  with  Mr.  C.  A.  Wilson  of 
North  Hadley,  a  practical  grower,  buyer  and  packer  of  to- 
bacco, who  kindly  undertook  to  keep  it  in  the  best  possi- 
ble condition  until  it  should  be  required  for  exhibition  at 
the  World's   Fair. 

It  was  arranged  that  the  exhibit  should  comprise  thirteen 
specimens  of  soils  taken  from  different  parts  of  the  State  ; 
and,  as  Prof.  W.  P.  Brooks  of  the  Massachusetts  Agricult- 
ural College  was  engaged  in  making  collections  of  soils  for 
other  departments  of  the  Exposition,  I  arranged  with  him 
to   provide    additional   samples   for   the    crop    exhibit. 

In  March,  1893,  under  your  direction,  I  packed  and 
forwarded  the  specimens  constituting  the  crop  exhibit,  and 
also  the  collections  furnished  by  the  Massachusetts  Agri- 
cultural College  and  the  Massachusetts  and  Hatch  Experi- 
ment Stations  in  the  forestry  exhibit,  and  to  the  exhibit 
of  agricultural  colleges  and  experiment    stations,  to  Chicago. 

On  the  loth  of  April  I  went  with  you  and  your  assist- 
ants to  Chicago,  and  found  all  the  exhibits  in  my  charge 
had  arrived  safely,  and  I  saw  to  their  delivery  at  their 
several  destinations. 


64  REPORT    OP   BOARD    OF 

On  account  of  the  exceptionally  bad  weather,  strikes  of 
"workmen  and  other  hindrances,  the  contractors  were 
somewhait  behindhand  in  building  the  stall ;  but  as  soon 
as  this  was  ready  I  furnished  it  with  glass  showcases  and 
other  fixtures ;  and,  under  your  directions,  I  arranged  and 
displayed  the  specimens  I  had  collected  and  brought  so  as 
to  present  a  plain  but  effective  exhibition  of  the  agricult- 
ural production   of   the    State. 

The  stall  itself  consisted  of  an  enclosure  twenty-six  by 
fifty-six  feet,  an  area  of  1,456  square  feet,  and  was  sur- 
rounded by  a  substantial  wall,  three  feet  high,  composed 
of  "  staff,"  with  massive  pillars,  five  feet  high,  at  each 
corner  and  at  the  main  entrance,  bearing  the  arms  and 
motto  of  Massachusetts.  This  was  painted  a  light  gray 
or  granite  color,  similar  to  that  used  on  the  outside  of 
the  Massachusetts  State  Building.  On  this  broad  outer 
wall  were  displayed  twenty-six  varieties  of  field  corn, 
ranging  from  the  small  Early  Flint  to  the  largest  varieties 
of  Dent  corn.  These  ears  of  corn  were  all  of  the  most 
perfect  types,  and  each  one  was  nailed  to  the  wall  to 
prevent  its  being  carried  away ;  but  so  anxious  were  many 
of  the  visitors  to  obtain  the  seed  that  in  spite  of  con- 
stant watchfulness  it  was  again  and  again  mutilated,  and 
had  to  be  replaced  from  the  stock  which  had  been  kept 
to  provide  for  emergencies.  On  each  of  the  corner  posts 
was  displayed  a  bale  of  hay  of  different  varieties  of 
grass  furnished  by  the  Massachusetts  Agricultural  College, 
and  inside  each  corner  was  a  pyramid  of  corn  on  the 
stalk,  ranging  from  the  small  sweet  corn,  three  feet  high, 
to  the  tall  Southern  White,  showing  a  growth  of  fully 
sixteen   feet. 

Two  upright  glass  cases  at  the  main  entrance  contained 
exceptionally  fine  samples  of  corn  and  tobacco,  and  a  row 
of  glass  centre  cases,   each  sixteen  feet  long  and  filled  with 


WORLD'S   FAIE    MANAGERS.  65 

superior  samples  of  tobacco  and  field,  sweet  and  pop  corn 
and  beans,  extended  east  and  west.  Parallel  with  these 
and  running  down  the  middle  of  the  stall  were  two  tables 
on  which  were  displayed  the  Bradley  and  Bowker  collec- 
tions of  photographs  of  Massachusetts  crops ;  and  to  show 
that  these  were  no  fancy  pictures  samples  of  the  crops 
they  represented,  or  of  better  ones,  were  arranged  on  the 
screen  behind  them.  For  instance,  one  picture  showed  a 
field  of  timothy  yielding  two  and  a  half  tons  per  acre, 
while  close  behind  it  was  a  sample  of  the  crop  which 
fully  justified  the  claim.  Another  was  a  picture  of  twin  ears 
of  corn,  and  to  show  that  this  was  no  exaggeration,  a 
dozen  stalks  were  displayed  on  the  screen,  each  bearing 
three  or  four  perfect  ears.  The  same  arrangement  was 
carried  out  in  the  case  of  pictures  and  specimens  of 
potatoes,  carrots,  turnips,  mangolds,  onions  and  other  arti- 
cles   of   farm   produce. 

The  centre  of  the  stall  was  occupied  by  the  beautiful 
case  contributed  by  the  Massachusetts  State  Board  of 
Agriculture,  and  containing  a  tree  infested  by  the  gypsy 
moth  and  bearing  on  its  branches  life-like  specimens  of  the 
birds  which  have  been  found  to  feed  on  the  larvse  in 
their  different  stages  of  growth.  This  case  attracted  much 
admiration  and  curiosity,  which  to  some  extent  I  was  en- 
abled to  gratify  by  the  distribution  of  two  large  editions 
of  the  Report  of  the  State  Board  of  Agriculture  on  the 
work   of   exterminating  the   gypsy   moth. 

In  the  northeast  section  was  erected  a  tall  screen,  six- 
teen feet  long  and  ten  feet  high,  on  one  side  of  which 
were  displayed  fine  samples  of  corn,  wheat,  rye,  barley, 
oats,  buckwheat,  Japanese  and  other  millets.  Brown  corn, 
and  a  variety  of  cultivated  and  wild  clovers  and  grasses. 
The  other  side  was  fitted  with  shelves,  three  of  which 
were  occupied    by   a    display    of    a    hundred    specimens   of 


66  REPORT    OF   BOARD    OF 

grains,  beans  and  grass  and  other  seeds,  in  half-gallon 
Jars,  The  fourth  or  upper  shelf  supported  a  fine  collec- 
tion of  feed-stuffs  and  fertilizing  materials  in  handsome 
glass  jars,  contributed  by  the  Massachusetts  State  Experi- 
ment Station.  A  row  of  thirty  long,  slim  vials,  each  con- 
taining a  specimen  of  some  grass  or  forage  plant,  was 
secured  around  the  base  of  the  screen.  This  also  was  con- 
tributed by  Dr.  Goessmann,  director  of  the  Massachusetts 
Experiment  Station.  The  panel  above  the  shelves  was  de- 
voted to  a  display  of  Indian  corn,  showing  stalks  bearing 
two,  three  and  four  ears,  and  also  ears  of  field,  sweet 
and  pop  corn  arranged  to  show  the  numerous  and  striking 
varieties  of  this  cereal  to  be  found  within  the  limits  of  a 
single   State. 

The  remaining  or  northwest  section  was  devoted  to  the 
display  of  potatoes,  turnips,  beets,  carrots,  parsnips,  onions, 
squashes,  pumpkins,  cranberries,  maple  sugar  and  syrups, 
including  also  the  thirteen  boxes  each  containing  a  section  of 
soil  three  feet  deep  taken  from  different  places  in  the  State. 

The  symmetry  of  the  exhibit  was  somewhat  interfered  with 
by  the  six  large  columns  of  the  building ;  but  these  were 
covered  and  made  as  ornamental  as  possible  with  specimens 
of  grasses,  millet,  etc.  The  posts  at  the  main  entrance  were 
also  ornamented  with  a  variety  of  herbage  plants,  and  each 
was  crowned  with  a  basket  filled  with  superior  varieties  of 
Indian  corn,  and  surrounded  by  other  varieties,  handsomely 
traced,  and  substantially  covering  the  baskets. 

By  favor  of  Mr.  Sessions,  I  was  furnished  with  statistics 
showing  that  Massachusetts  ranks  among  the  first  ten  States 
in  both  yield  and  value  per  acre  of  all  the  staple  crops,  ex- 
cept cotton  and  hay,  and  even  in  hay  she  ranks  first  in  value 
per  acre.  These  statistics  I  embodied  in  a  little  pamphlet 
(copy  herewith),  which  was  warmly  praised  and  thankfully 
received  by  thousands  of   Massachusetts   people    and    others, 


WORLD'S   FAIR   MANAGERS.  67 

who  expressed  their  cordial  approbation  of  these  efforts  to  do 
justice  to  the  capacity  aud  resources  of  the  Old  Bay  State. 

While  candidly  acknowledging  the  general  excellence  of 
Massachusetts  men  and  women  and  institutions,  it  seemed 
very  much  the  fashion  among  our  Western  relatives  to  refer 
to  Massachusetts  and  the  other  New  England  States  as  a 
sterile  region,  well  adapted  to  foster  the  qualities  of  energy 
and  ingenuity,  a  good  place  to  be  born  in  and  to  emigrate 
from,  but  in  no  way  comparable  for  agricultural  purposes 
with  the  broad,  level  and  fertile  lands  of  the  Middle  and 
Western  States.  In  the  Massachusetts  exhibit  of  farm  crops 
I  have  tried  to  give  expression  and  confirmation  of  my  own 
belief  that  Massachusetts  can  and  does  produce  all  the  fruits 
of  a  temperate  clime  in  as  great  perfection  and  abundance 
as  any  State  in  the  Union,  and  while  she  does  not  claim 
that  her  soil  will  yield  profitable  returns  under  niggardly  and 
slipshod  management,  her  intelligent,  liberal  and  skilful 
farmers,  being  surrounded  by  industrious  and  thrifty  com- 
munities of  manufacturers  and  inerchants  and  scholars  and 
professional  men,  obtain  better  pay  for  their  labor  than  their 
Western  brethren,  whose  profits  are  heavily  tolled  by  the 
freight  agent  and  the  middleman. 

The  exhibit  of  the  Agricultural  College  was  very  impor- 
tant and  interesting.  The  forestry  exhibit  of  Massachusetts 
was  prepared  under  the  direction  of  Prof.  S.  I.  Maynard, 
and  consists  of  forty-seven  sections  of  trees  native  to  the 
State,  and  cut,  polished  and  finished  so  as  to  show  the  grain, 
colors  and  characteristics  of  the  different  varieties.  The 
buildings  and  equipment  of  the  college  were  represented  by 
a  collection  of  twenty-four  photographs  and  maps.  Some  of 
these  photographs  represent  the  interiors  of  the  buildings 
and  are  exceptionally  fine.  There  are  large  maps  of  the 
college  gi'ounds  showing  the  precise  location  of  every  note- 
worthy object.     The  Agricultural  Department   is   represented 


68  REPOKT    OF   BOARD   OF 

by  a  collection  of  samples  of  soils  taken  from  different  parts 
of  the  State,  accompanied  by  the  results  of  their  chemical 
and  mechanical  analysis.  The  Veterinary  Department  sends 
its  elastic  model  of  a  horse.  The  Horticultural  Department 
consists  of  a  glass  case  containing  plaster-of-paris  models  of 
our  common  fruits  and  vegetables.  These  models  are  nicely 
painted  and  appear  very  life-like.  In  the  same  case  are 
shown  specimens  of  the  wild  and  crude  fruit,  and  also  of  the 
fruit  in  numerous  stages  of  gradual  development,  as  well  as 
fine  specimens  of  the  leading  varieties  of  to-day.  There  is 
a  wooden  model  of  President  Clark's  famous  squash  and  the 
harness  in  which  it  lifted  enormous  weights.  There  are  fif- 
teen photographs  of  the  college  organizations,  including  the 
fraternities,  the  editorial  boards  of  "Aggie  Life"  and  the 
"Index,"  the  glee  club,  fire  brigade,  military  companies, 
band,  orchestra  and  the  athletic  teams  of  1892.  The  Hatch 
Experiment  Station  also  contributed  magnificent  specimens  of 
corn  of  several  varieties,  and  a  most  valuable  and  interest- 
ing collection  of  Japanese  millets,  and  beans  brought  from 
Japan  by  Prof.  W.  P.  Brooks,  the  agriculturist  of  the  station. 
I  have  the  honor  to  remain, 

Very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

John   C.  Dillon. 


WORLD'S   PAIK   MANAGERS.  69 


EDUCATION. 
The  first  step  taken  by  the  Board  toward  the  collec- 
tion of  an  exhibit  which  should  worthily  represent  the 
educational  features  of  the  State  was  the  calling  of  a 
meeting  at  their  offices  in  the  Sears  Building,  to  which 
were  invited  the  State  Board  of  Education,  the  State 
agents  and  the  superintendents  of  public  schools  through- 
out the  Commonwealth.  This  meeting,  presided  over 
by  Mrs.  Alice  Freeman  Palmer,  awakened  a  great  deal 
of  interest  and  resulted  in  the  appointment  by  the  Board 
of  a  committee  of  seven  from  among  those  who  had  been 
invited  to  be  present,  which  committee  was  to  have  the 
superintendence  of  the  exhibit  under  the  supervision  of 
the  Board  of  World's  Fair  Managers.  To  this  committee, 
consisting  of  Mr.  Edwin  P.  Seaver,  chairman,  of  Boston ; 
Mr.  Samuel  T.  Dutton,  secretary,  of  Brookline ;  Mr. 
George  E.  Gay,  Maiden;  Mr.  Thomas  M.  Balliet, 
Springfield ;  Mr.  Clarence  E.  Meleny,  Somerville ;  Mr. 
William  A.  Mo  wry,  Salem,  and  the  Secretary  of  the 
State  Board  of  Education,  too  great  credit  cannot  be 
given  for  the  industry,  intelligence  and  interest  shown 
in  collecting  the  exhibit  which  finally  went  to  Chicago 
as  the  representation  of  the  Commonwealth  in  this  all- 
important  department. 

This  committee  held  weekly  meetings  at  the  office  of 
the  Board  of  Managers,  a  representative   of  which  was 


70  REPORT   OF  BOARD    OF 

in  almost  every  instance  present  to  join  in  their  delib- 
erations. 

The  Board  takes  pleasure  at  this  time  in  placing  on 
record  its  thanks  for  the  hearty  co-operation  which  it 
at  all  times  received  from  this  committee,  and  in  ac- 
knowledging the  very  great  assistance  which  their  indi- 
vidual labors  brought  to  the  Board. 

After  this  committee  had  mapped  out  their  general 
plan  looking  to  the  collecting  of  the  exhibit  and  its 
installation,  the  Board  of  World's  Fair  Managers,  at  the 
suggestion  of  the  committee,  appointed  Mr.  George  E. 
Gay  of  Maiden  as  their  agent  to  have  charge  of  the  col- 
lecting of  the  exhibit  and  to  have  superintendence  of 
it  during  the  continuance  of  the  Exposition,  To  this 
work  Mr.  Gay  brought  a  degree  of  industry  and  con- 
tinued application  such  as  is  rarely  seen,  and  to  him 
should  be  given  a  full  measure  of  praise  for  the  excel- 
lent work  accomplished  during  the  year  that  the  manage- 
ment of  this  exhibit  was  under  his  care. 

The  Board  wish  to  call  particular  attention  to  two 
maps  of  the  State,  one  showing  the  distribution  of 
public  schools  within  her  borders,  the  other  attesting 
to  the  fact  that  ninety-seven  per  cent  of  the  popula- 
tion of  the  Commonwealth  are  happy  in  the  possession 
of  the  privileges  which  come  from  the  existence  of  a  free 
public  library  in  their  midst.  These  two  maps  of  enor- 
mous size  were  evidence  in  compact  form  of  the  widespread 
influence  of  education  in  the  State  of  Massachusetts. 


WORLD'S  FAIR   MANAGERS. 


71 


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72  EEPOKT    OF   BOARD    OF 

It  is,  perhaps,  needless  for  the  Board  to  call  attention 
in  detail  to  this  exhibit,  inasmuch  as  two  very  full  reports 
of  Mr.  Gay  are  hereto  annexed.  Its  members  cannot, 
however,  refrain  from  saying  that  there  was  perhaps 
no  State  exhibit  in  the  department  of  education  which 
was  more  highly  commended  and  called  forth  more 
praise  than  did  that  of  Massachusetts.  The  medals 
and  awards  made  by  the  Bureau  having  supervision  of 
such  matters  testify  to  the  good  opinion  in  which  Mas- 
sachusetts and  her  works  were  held  in  the  minds  of 
the  committee  which  passed  upon  the  exhibit  of  the 
Commonwealth . 

The  exhibit  was  the  most  complete  and  comprehensive 
which  the  Commonwealth  has  ever  made,  and  rej&ected 
great  credit  upon  it  as  well  as  upon  its  general  educa- 
tional system.  In  the  same  department,  although,  prop- 
erly speaking,  not  State  exhibits,  were  to  be  found 
those  of  the  universities,  colleges  and  technical  schools 
of  the  State,  and  it  is  a  pleasure  for  the  Board  of 
World's  Fair  Managers  to  be  able  to  say  that  practically 
each  one  of  these  institutions  of  learning  took  advantage 
of  the  opportunity  thus  offered  to  place  itself  on  ex- 
hibition. The  presidents  of  these  several  institutions 
were  invited  by  the  Board  of  Managers  to  meet  with 
them  in  their  office  to  discuss  the  general  question  of 
an  exhibit,  and  also  to  consider  the  question  of  distri- 
bution of  space  which  had  been  assigned  to  the  Com- 
monwealth   for    exhibits    of    her    institutions    of  higher 


WORLD'S   FAIR  MATSTAGEES. 


73 


74  EEPOKT    OF   BOARD    OF 

learnino;.  This  conference  also  served  to  awaken  an 
interest  among  those  present,  as  is  perhaps  evidenced  by 
the  statement  that,  with  the  exception  of  the  Catholic 
colleges,  which  finally  made  their  exhibits  in  the  space 
allotted  to  the  Catholic  Church  for  its  educational  ex- 
hibit, and  of  one  or  two  other  institutions  in  the  Com- 
monwealth, each  one  of  the  many  accepted  the  space 
allotted  to  it.  The  four  colleges  devoted  to  the  in- 
struction of  women, — namely,  Wellesley,  Smith,  Mount 
Holyoke,  and  that  which  is  now  called  Eadcliffe  College, 
—  were  brought  together  in  an  alcove  on  one  side  of 
the  main  aisle  running  through  the  space  allotted  to 
Massachusetts  for  her  educational  exhibit,  while  directly 
opposite  were  to  be  seen  the  exhibits  of  Amherst,  Tufts 
and  Williams  Colleges  and  Clark  University.  To  Har- 
vard University  was  assigned  one-half  of  the  space 
allotted  to  the  Commonwealth  for  her  exhibit  in  this 
department.  Those  who  visited  her  exhibit  had  no 
doubt  remaining  in  their  minds  that  this  distribution 
of  space  was  proper,  and  that  it  was  utilized  to  the 
best  advantage  by  the  officers  of  that  corporation.  It 
was,  without  doubt,  the  finest  and  most  instructive 
exhibit  ever  made  by  any  university  in  any  interna- 
tional exposition. 

Next  to  this  and  on  either  side  of  an  aisle  were  the 
two  courts  allotted  to  and  occupied  by  the  Institute  of 
Technology,  within  which  was  installed  an  exhibit  which 
in  a  graphic  manner  laid  before  the  visitor  the  courses 


WOELD'S   FAIR   MANAGERS.  75 

of  study  and  t-he  method  of  instruction  in  use  in  that 
institution. 

In  the  Bureau  of  Education  was  the  exhibit  of  the 
Catholic  Church.  The  contributions  from  the  Common- 
wealth to  this  collection  were  in  no  way  under  the 
jurisdiction  of  the  Massachusetts  Board  of  World's  Fair 
Managers,  who  have  had  no  connection  either  with  the 
collecting  or  installing  of  such  exhibits,  nor  any  official 
information  concerning  them.  As  the  schools,  semi- 
naries and  colleges,  however,  within  the  State  con- 
tributed to  this  unified  exhibit  of  Catholic  education, 
the  Managers  are  glad  to  testify  to  the  care,  industry 
and  intelligence  with  which  this  great  exhibit  was 
brought  together.  It  was  certainly  deserving  of  the 
universal  praise  that  it  received,  and  the  Managers  are 
glad  to  believe  that  the  awards  which  were  granted  to 
Catholic  institutions  within  the  State  were  well  merited 
and  worthily  bestowed. 

Two  interesting  features  of  the  educational  exhibit  of 
Massachusetts  were  the  contributions  of  two  colleges 
located  in  foreign  countries, — one  in  St.  Sebastian, 
Spain,  and  the  other  in  Constantinople,  Turkey,  —  both 
being  schools  for  the  education  of  girls,  and  both  being 
supported  largely  through  the  liberality  of  Massachu- 
setts citizens. 

In  concluding  this  report  having  reference  to  the  edu- 
cational exhibit  of  Massachusetts,  it  may  be  safely  said 
that  it  was  well  worth   all  the   money  expended  upon 


76  REPORT    OP   BOARD    OF 

it  and  reflected  great  credit  upon  her  schools  and  her 
colleges,  once  again  emphasizing  the  great  attention 
which  in  Massachusetts  has  always  been  and  is  still 
being  given  to  education. 

PUBLIC  SCHOOLS. 
To  the  Massachusetts  Board  of  WorlcTs  Fair  Managers  :  — 

Dear  Sirs  :  —  I  have  the  honor  to  submit  herewith  my 
report  as  Superintendent  of  the  Massachusetts  Public  School 
Exhibit  at  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition. 

PR  EPA  RAT/ON  OF  THE  EXHIBIT. 

The  work  of  preparation  for  the  Exposition  was  begun 
under  your  direction  through  the  committee  appointed  by 
your  Board. 

This  committee  issued  circulars  to  school  committees,  super- 
intendents of  schools  and  teachers,  giving  information  con- 
cerning the  display  and  making  suggestions  as  to  the  character 
of  the  work  desired  and  directions  for  its  preparation  and 
shipment. 

I  entered  upon  my  work  as  Superintendent  Dec.  26,  1893, 
and  began  at  once  to  ascertain  what  cities  and  towns  were 
intending  to  make  displays  of  school  work.  I  found  the 
number  smaller  than  I  had  anticipated  and  took  steps  to 
secure  the  interest  of  other  places. 

The  material  for  the  exhibit  was  sent  to  Boston  at  the 
expense  of  the  cities  and  towns  contributing,  and  was  stored 
until  it  was  shipped  to  Chicago.  Most  of  this  material  was 
ready  for  exhibition.  The  written  work  of  pupils  was  in 
bound  volumes,  portfolios  and  showcases.  Manual  training 
work  was  mounted  upon  boards  of  uniform  size  ready  to  hang 
upon   the  walls.     Apparatus,  natural   history  specimens,  geo- 


WORLD'S   FAIR   MANAGERS.  77 

graphical  illustrations,  etc.,  were  received  in  a  form  suitable 
for  examination.  Most  of  the  drawing  was  sent  unmounted. 
I  am  under  great  obligations  to  Mr.  Henry  T.  Bailey  and 
Mr.  L.  W.  Sargent  for  assistance  in  mounting  and  preparing 
the  exhibits  in  drawing,  and  to  the  school  committee  of 
Boston  for  the  use  of  a  room  in  the  basement  of  the  Latin 
School,  where  the  final  arrangements  for  shipping  were  made. 

The  work  received  for  exhibition  came  from  the  Board  of 
Education,  from  all  the  State  normal  schools,  and  from  forty- 
eight  cities  and  towns  of  the  State. 

Great  delay  on  the  part  of  the  Exposition  officers  in  deter- 
mining how  much  space  was  to  be  allowed  the  State  for  her 
education  exhibit  destroyed  the  enthusiasm  with  which  the 
first  announcement  of  the  Exposition  authorities  'had  been 
met,  and  the  amount  of  material  received  was  considerably 
less  than  might  easily  have  been  displayed. 

INSTALLATION  OF  THE  EXHIBIT. 

The  material  for  the  exhibit  reached  Chicago  on  April 
15,  and  was  installed  and  ready  for  examination  on  May  1. 
The  form  of  its  installation  gave  rise  to  many  questions. 
The  original  plan  of  the  chief  of  the  Department  of  Lib- 
eral Arts  contemplated  an  arrangement  by  States  in  grades 
on  the  following  general  plan :  — 

The  educational  exhibit  will  be  organized  both  by  States  and 
by  grades.  Each  State  will  occupy  a  definite  area  which  will 
be  assigned  with  reference  to  the  elements  which  the  several 
States  will  have  to  represent  as  nearly  as  that  can  be  ascer- 
tained. These  areas  will  be  side  by  side  in  parallel  subdivisions 
extending  north  and  south.  The  arrangement  of  the  elements 
in  the  several  States  will  be  expected  to  conform  to  a  general 
plan  presenting  the  several  grades  in  consecutive  arrangements 
extending    east  and  west.      The    studious    observer    may    follow 


78 


EEPOKT   OF   BOARD    OF 


tlie  grades  from  the  most  elementary  to  the  most  advanced  in 
any  State,  or  crossing  the  areas  he  may  trace  the  similarities 
or  variations  in  any  chosen  grade. 

In  the  presentation  of  public  school  systems  the  several  States 
and  Territories  will  he  the  smallest  units  for  which  separate 
provision  can  be  made  by  the  chief  of  the  department.  Cities, 
villages  and  rural  schools  will  find  such  recognition  and  repre- 
sentation as  can  be  allowed  within  the  limits  assigned  to  the 
States  which  include  them. 

The   following   sketch   illustrates   this   plan :  — 


LU 

< 

UJ 
Q 

< 

< 

< 

r 

i: 

J 
< 

a: 
O 

z 

MASSACHUSETTS. 

CONNECTICUT. 

RHODE  ISLAND. 

VERMONT. 

MAINE. 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

It  was  finally  and  most  unfortunately  found  impossible 
to  carry  this  plan  into  execution,  and  the  various  States 
were   assigned   places   in    the    south    gallery   of    the    Manu- 


WORLD'S    FAIR   MANAGERS. 


79 


factures  aucl  Liberal  Arts  Building,  and  the  cross  aisles 
separating  grades  were  abandoned.  In  several  States  the 
arrangement  by  grades  was  abandoned  and  other  methods 
of  classification  adopted.  Some  States  adopted  a  classifica- 
tion by  cities  and  counties ;  others  arranged  their  work 
by  subjects.  Some  States  combined  one  or  both  of  these 
methods  with  classification  by  grades ;  some  separated  the 
work  of  graded  schools  from  the  work  of  ungraded  schools, 
and   some   had   little   classification   that   was    apparent. 

The  plan  of  arrangement  which  was  used  for  the  Massa- 
chusetts display  is  shown  below.  This  arrangement  proved 
to  be  most  satisfactory  to  those  who  wished  to  study  the 
exhibit  with  a  view  to  ascertaining  the  character  of  Massa- 
chusetts school  work  and  learning  the  lesson  which  it  taught. 
It  was  not  so  acceptable  to  those  who  wished  to  compare 
the  entire  work  of  one  city  with  the  work  of  other  cities, 
or  to  those  who  wished  to  see  the  work  of  one  city  only. 

PLAN  OF  MASSACHUSETTS  PUBLIC  SCHOOL  EXHIBIT. 


H 


MASSACHUSETTS 


PUBLIC    SCHOOLS. 


Normal  School        Boston  Evening 
of  Gymnastics.  Drawing. 

Boston  Evening 
Drawing. 


It  will  be  seen  that  the  exhibit  was   divided   into    six   de- 
partments,   as    follows :     Kindergarten    department,    primary 


80  EEPOKT    OF   BOARD    OP 

department,  grammar  school  department,  high  school  depart- 
ment and  the  department  devoted  to  the  Board  of  Educa- 
tion. The  walls  separating  the  departments  were  ten  and 
one-half  feet  high,  and  were  used  to  display  drawing,  manual 
training  products,  photographs  and  sample  pages  of  the 
written  work  of  the  pupils.  The  casts  in  the  centre  of  the 
main  aisle  were  from  the  Normal  Art  School. 

The  kindergarten  department  contained  kindergarten  gifts 
and  materials,  with  tables  and  chairs  kindly  loaned  by  Milton 
Bradley  &  Co.  The  walls  were  covered  with  pupils'  kinder- 
garten exercises,  and  portfolios  contained  the  overflow.  In 
the  primary  room,  the  wall  display  included  the  State  pri- 
mary course  in  drawing,  with  other  drawing,  and  Superin- 
tendent Davis'  presentation  of  his  method  of  teacliing  primary 
reading.  Portfolios  contained  additional  work  in  drawing. 
In  showcases  only  was  clay  work  to  be  found,  while  bound 
volumes  held  pupils'  work  in  number,  form,  color,  language 
and  nature  study,  with  pictures  of  teachers  and  pupils  engaged 
in  their  work. 

The  arrangement  of  the  grammar  school  room  was  similar 
to  that  of  the  primary  room.  Drawing,  methodically  ar- 
ranged, covered  the  walls  ;  bookcases  were  filled  with  bound 
volumes  of  pupils'  work ;  showcases  contained  a  great 
variety  of  materials  used  by  teachers  for  purposes  of  instruc- 
tion, or  made  by  pupils  in  the  course  of  school  work.  One 
alcove  of  the  grammar  school  department  was  devoted  to 
manual  training  and  sewing.  A  portion  of  the  sewing  was 
crowded  out  of  this  room  by  lack  of  space,  but  was  shown 
in  the  high  school  department.  Another  alcove  of  the 
grammar  school  department  was  devoted  to  drawing  and 
photographs. 

The  high  school  department  contained  the  work  of  high 
schools,  while  the  normal  school  department  displayed 
that  of   normal  schools,  together  with  photographs,  plans  of 


WORLD'S   FAIK   MANAGERS.  81 

school    buildings,    drawing    and    sample    pages    from    bound 
volumes. 

The  department  of  the  Board  of  Education  contained  the 
work  sent  by  the  Board,  pamphlets  for  distribution,  albums 
of  photographs  and  the  choicest  bound  volumes.  This  room 
was  used  as  the  office  of  the  Superintendent.  The  outer 
walls  of  several  departments  contained  work  from  the  even- 
ing drawing  schools  of  Boston,  Worcester  and  Waltham. 


CHARACTER  OF  THE  EXHIBIT. 

The  school  exhibit  of  the  State  of  Massachusetts  was 
complete  in  the  sense  that  it  exhibited  work  of  every 
kind  done  in  the  public  and  normal  schools  of  the  State, 
from  the  rude  attempts  of  the  little  children  in  the  kin- 
dergarten to  the  fine  display  of  the  Normal  Art  School, 
From  the  first  beginning  of  scholastic  education  in  the 
primary  grades  to  the  work  of  pupils  just  taking  their 
college  examinations,  every  phase  of  school  life  was  shown. 
The  exhibit  was  incomplete  in  the  sense  that  it  did  not 
represent  the  work  of  the  entire  State.  Of  the  two  hun- 
dred and  fifty-two  cities  and  towns,  only  forty  sent  work 
which  gave  a  picture  of  the  school  system  in  operation, 
and  many  of  these  exhibits  showed  only  partially  the  work 
that  is  done.  This  condition  is  offset,  however,  by  the  fact 
that  cities  and  towns  of  every  size  and  schools  of  every 
grade  and  character  were  shown,  so  that  while  the  picture 
is   not  complete,    it   is   true   and   satisfactory. 

The  contribution  from  the  Board  of  Education  gave  a 
good  view  of  the  work  which  this  body  does,  and  the 
character  of  the  school  system  of  the  State  of  Massachu- 
setts, the  distinctive  feature  of  which  is  the  control  of 
the  public  schools  by  local  committees.  So  far  as  re- 
lates  to   the   choice   of   teachers,    methods    of    teaching    and 


82  REPORT    OF   BOARD    OF 

courses  of  study,  the  local  committees  are  supreme,  and 
from  this  fact  arises  the  greatest  possible  diversity  in 
subjects  of  study  and  methods  of  teaching.  The  system 
has  its  advantages,  which  are  apparent  wherever  it  is 
contrasted  with  that  of  States  having  a  course  of  study 
under  a  strong  central  authority.  Committees  and  teachers 
are  continually  making  experiments  to  lead  to  no  good 
result.  Pupils  moving  from  one  city  or  town  to  another 
are  placed  at  great  disadvantage  because  of  the  different 
studies  pursued  in  different  places.  On  the  other  hand, 
the  advantages  of  the  system  are  seen  in  the  wonderful 
activity  of  teachers  and  school  officials,  in  the  multitude 
of  original  investigations  which  are  made  in  every  portion 
of  the  State,  in  the  emulation  which  exists  between  differ- 
ent communities,  and  in  the  constant  effort  to  secure  for 
the  local  organization  all  that  is  best  in  modern  appli- 
ances   and   modern   methods. 

The  exhibit  of  the  Board  included  a  complete  series  of 
its  annual  reports  from  1838  to  1892.  These  reports  are 
much  more  than  tabulated  statements  of  attendance  and 
expenditures  and  records  of  the  extension  of  the  public 
school  system.  They  form  a  history  of  education  in  this 
country,  so  far  as  progress  has  been  made  in  subjects  of 
study  and  methods  of  instruction.  The  great  questions  of 
organization  and  discipline,  of  the  means  and  ends  of  pub- 
lic school  education,  are  here  discussed  by  the  foremost 
thinkers  of  the  State,  and  no  other  educational  documents 
in  the  country  are  of  greater  interest  and  of  greater  liis- 
torical   value. 

A  series  of  maps  gives  the  location  of  training  schools 
and  classes  maintained  by  the  various  cities  and  towns 
throughout  the  State  to  supplement  the  normal  school  in- 
struction, the  places  at  which  teachers'  institutes  have  been 
held   during  three   successive    years,    expenses    incurred    by 


WORLD'S   FAIR   MA:^rAGERS.  83 

the  various  cities  and  towns  in  the  transportation  of  pupils 
to  and  from  school,  and  the  location  of  cities  and  towns 
which  have  local  superintendence.  Incidentally,  the  last 
map  exhibits  the  extent  to  which  the  system  of  local 
superintendence  has  reached,  and  prophesies  that  within  a 
few  years  the  entire  teaching  force  of  the  State  will  be 
under   the    direction   of   skilled   local   superintendents. 

Statistics  of  attendance  and  expenditure,  of  the  prepara- 
tion of  teachers  for  their  work,  of  comparative  wages,  of 
teachers  of  the  different  sexes  and  the  absolute  amount 
paid,  the  attendance  in  evening  schools,  the  increasing 
expenditures  for  public  schools,  the  average  membership  in 
public  schools,  the  average  attendance  in  public  schools, 
important  dates  in  the  history  of  the  public  school  system, 
and  the  extent  of  supervision,  text-books  and  supplies,  the 
conveyance  of  pupils  to  and  from  school,  were  shown  in  a 
series   of   charts   in   a   graphical   and   forcible   manner. 

Two  large  portfolios  contained  the  administrative  forms 
used  by  the  school  committees  and  school  superintendents 
throughout  the  State,  and  formed  a  suggestive  and  helpful 
exhibition  of  the  fertility  of  the  minds  of  school  authorities, 
and  the  care  and  time  devoted  to  securing  the  best  possible 
execution  of  the  laws  and  rules  governing  the  schools  of  the 
State.  A  large  map  showed,  as  well  as  a  map  can  show, 
the  location  of  the  common  schools  of  the  State.  Its  one 
distinctive  lesson  was  that  every  portion  of  the  State  is  cov- 
ered with  school  houses  and  that  every  child  within  its  bor- 
ders may  receive  at  least  the  elements  of  a  good  education. 
Another  large  map  showed  the  location  and  the  number  of 
free  public  libraries  in  the  State.  Its  principal  lesson  was  the 
fact  that  ninety-seven  per  cent,  of  the  population  of  the  State 
have  access  to  a  free  public  library  within  the  limits  of  their 
own  municipality. 

Pamphlets  for  public  distribution   gave    a  detailed    account 


84  EEPOKT   OP   BOARD    OF 

of  the  Massachusetts  school  system  and  its  principal  histori- 
cal features.  These  included  :  Public  statutes  of  the  State 
relating  to  public  instruction,  with  annotations  and  explana- 
tions ;  an  Historical  Sketch  of  the  Growth  of  the  Massachu- 
setts Public  School  System ;  a  descriptive  sketch  of  its 
salient  features  ;  a  descriptive  sketch  of  Teachers'  Training 
Schools  and  Classes  ;  an  account  of  the  recent  movement  to 
promote  nature  study  in  public  schools  ;  an  account  of  the 
movement  to  provide  free  transportation  for  pupils  when  it  is 
advisable  to  discontinue  rural  schools  ;  an  historical  account 
of  instruction  in  drawing  and  music  in  the  public  schools  of 
the  State  ;  a  report  of  the  Free  Public  Library  Commission 
of  the  State  ;  copies  of  the  course  of  study  recommended  for 
use  in  the  common  schools  of  the  State ;  and  an  historical 
account  of  the  normal  schools. 

Closely  connected  with  the  exhibit  of  the  Board  of  Educa- 
tion was  the  exhibit  of  the  State  normal  schools.  This  exhibit 
showed  by  the  use  of  photographs  the  means  of  instruction 
provided  in  the  five  normal  schools  of  the  State.  By  speci- 
mens of  the  pupils'  work  it  showed  the  character  of  the  work 
secured,  and  by  charts  and  other  methods  it  showed  the 
courses  of  study  pursued  and  the  methods  of  instruction 
adopted.  The  normal  schools  of  Massachusetts  are  organized 
upon  the  following  plan :  The  work  of  the  schools  is  two- 
fold,—  first,  purely  professional  instruction,  namely,  instruc- 
tion in  educational  psychology,  in  the  principles  of  education, 
and  in  the  best  methods  of  instruction  and  their  historical 
development ;  second,  the  presentation  and  study  of  various 
branches  of  human  learning  with  a  view  to  ascertaining  the 
best  methods  of  teaching  these  branches — that  is,  various 
branches  of  study  pursued  in  the  public  schools  are  reviewed 
and  studied  in  the  normal  schools,  but  always  with  the  pur- 
pose of  ascertaining  the  best  method  of  presenting  these 
studies  to  pupils,  the  normal  pupils  thereby  acquiring  a  fresh 


WORLD'S   FAIR   MANAGERS.  85 

knowledge  of  the  subjects  investigated,  together  with  a  knowl- 
edge of  good  methods  of  teaching  the  branches.  All  but 
one  of  these  schools  provide  opportunities  for  pupils  to  put 
into  practice  to  some  extent  the  principles  and  methods  which 
they  learn  in  their  studies,  the  practice  school  forming  an  im- 
portant and  essential  portion  of  the  normal  school. 

Of  the  various  cities  and  towns  contributing  to  the  exhibit, 
Boston  was  by  far  the  most  prominent.  It  showed  work  of 
every  character  done  in  the  public  schools  of  the  city,  over 
a  hundred  different  subjects  in  all  being  illustrated,  and  gave 
work  from  every  school  room  and  laboratory  in  the  city. 
Portfolios,  books  and  walls  were  devoted  to  this  display. 
Photographs  alone  occupied  twenty-five  large  albums  and  gave 
a  truthful  representation  of  the  means  of  instruction  afforded 
by  that  city.  All  the  usual  subjects  of  instruction  were  illus- 
trated fully,  and  so  related  to  the  course  of  study  and  ac- 
complished by  such  full  explanations  of  the  methods  of 
instruction  and  the  conditions  under  which  the  work  of  the 
pupils  was  done  that  one  was  able  to  study  the  exhibit  with 
ease  and  satisfaction.  The  display  in  drawing  covered  the 
entire  field  from  Mrs.  Cutler's  course  in  primary  form  and 
color  work  to  the  elaborate  work  of  the  evening  drawing 
schools,  and  was  the  most  complete  and  excellent  of  its  kind 
in  the  public  school  exhibits  of  the  country.  The  illustra- 
tions in  the  volume  of  pupils'  work  were  full  and  excellent  in 
books  devoted  to  scientific  studies,  especially  in  the  high 
school  department,  but  the  ordinary  work  of  the  grammar 
and  primary  grades  did  not  contain  the  same  amount  of 
illustration  that  appeared  in  the  work  of  some  of  the  other 
cities  of  the  State.  The  exhibit  in  the  various  departments 
of  manual  training  in  Boston  was  very  full  and  was  excellent 
in  every  particular.  Photographs  showed  clearly  the  conditions 
under  which  this  work  was  done  and  the  illustrative  work  of 
pupils   showed  the  courses  of  study  and  the  character  of  the 


8b  REPORT    OF   BOARD    OP 

work  secured  from  pupils.  In  sewing,  the  entire  course  of 
study  was  shown  by  numerous  examples  of  pupils'  work  in 
several  large  albums,  and  a  number  of  show-cases  contained 
completed  garments.  Photographs  showed  the  pupils  at  work, 
with  entire  classes  dressed  in  clothing  which  they  had  made 
with  their  own  hands.  The  work  in  sewing  was  developed 
in  general  along  sloyd  principles ;  that  is,  every  process 
taught  is  applied  at  once  in  the  making  of  some  completed 
article. 

In  woodwork,  we  had  the  three  systems  now  in  use  in 
the  Boston  grammar  schools,  the  so-called  Eliot  School 
course,  as  arranged  by  Mr.  Leavitt ;  the  course  in  sloyd, 
as  arranged  by  Mr.  Larssou,  and  the  course  arranged  by 
Mr.  Eddy.  The  work  in  each  of  these  three  exhibits 
showed  most  careful  thought  and  experiment  on  the  part 
of  their  promoters,  and  the  fact  that  the  three  courses 
are  in  use  side  by  side  indicates  the  determination  of  the 
city  to  solve  by  long-continued  experiment  the  problem 
of  the  best  form  of  manual  training  for  common  schools. 
"What  the  outcome  will  be  is  uncertain.  It  seems  to  me, 
however,  that  the  course  of  Mr.  Larsson,  either  in  its 
present  or  in  some  modified  form,  is  likely  to  become 
the  standard  system  of  the  country  for  grammar  schools. 
"Whether  the  principles  of  sloyd  can  wisely  be  carried  to 
schools  of  higher  grade  is  an  open  question,  as  is  also 
the  general  question  of  what  models  to  employ  and  in 
what   order   to   introduce    them. 

Some  of  the  special  exhibits  of  Boston  may  be  described 
briefly  as  follows :  "Work  in  kindergarten  was  characterized 
by  the  delicacy  of  color  employed  in  the  materials  used 
by  tlie  children  and  the  wonderful  perfection  of  the  chil- 
dren's work.  Clay  modelling  was  of  a  high  degree  of  ex- 
cellence. The  work  in  the  English  language,  from  the 
lowest   primary  to   the   last   year  in   the   high  school,  was  of 


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WORLD'S    FAIR    MANAGERS.  87 

exceptional  interest  and  importance.  The  exliibit  showed 
that  Boston's  reputation  for  good  work  in  this  subject  is 
well  founded,  and  the  prefaces  of  the  teachers  explaining 
their  methods  of  teaching  the  subjects  form  an  educational 
treatise   of    remarkable    value. 

The  character  of  the  penmanship  in  this  exhibit  was  simi- 
lar to  that  of  most  cities.  The  form  of  letters  used  as 
copies  was  that  of  the  well-known  Spencerian  style.  There 
was  an  absence  of  shading  and  the  effect  in  the  best 
specimens  was  pleasant  to  the  eye  and  the  work  was  legible 
when  the  ink  was  of  good  quality.  On  the  other  hand,  it 
was  evidently  written  with  great  painstaking  and  very  slowly, 
and  the  problem  of  beautiful,  legible,  rapid  writing  seems 
not   to   have   been    solved   in   all   schools. 

The  distinguishing  characteristic  of  the  Boston  drawing 
was  the  large  number  of  original  designs.  The  divisions  of 
elementary  drawing  which  have  now  become  common, — 
namely,  mechanical,  decorative  and  illustrative,  —  seems  not 
to  be  carried  on  in  unison  throughout  the  entire  grammar 
school  course.  One  of  the  results  of  this  Exposition  will  be 
to  secure,  on  the  part  of  teachers  of  drawing  in  all  parts 
of  the  country,  greater  attention  to  pictorial  drawing.  This 
should  not  be  used  to  the  exclusion  of  design  and  geometri- 
cal  drawing ;   the   three    should   go   hand   in   hand. 

A  relief  map  of  North  America  made  from  a  newspaper 
which  had  been  soaked  in  warm  water  was  the  best  relief 
map  in  the  exhibit.  The  work  in  relief  maps  in  the  pub- 
lic schools  should  be  confined  to  rather  narrow  limits  and 
should  be  made  in  all  cases  as  correct  as  possible  in  ele- 
vation and  boundaries.  In  the  production  of  these  maps 
contour  maps  should  be  used  as  far  as  possible  and  the 
method  adopted  by  professional  makers  of  relief  maps  is 
probably  the  best.  One  large,  accurate,  beautiful  map, 
in  the    making    of    which    all   the    pupils    in'  the  room  had 


88  REPORT    OF   BOARD    0¥ 

a  part,  will  prove  of  much  greater  value  than  many 
patches  in  putty  and  pulp.  A  good  relief  map  of  the 
State  of  Massachusetts  should  be  placed  in  every  school 
room.  "Wherever  possible,  pupils  in  the  room  should  make 
the  map  from  the  contour  maps  published  by  the  govern- 
ment. "Where  this  is  impracticable,  the  city  or  the  State 
should  furnish  a  good  map  of  this  character.  From  this 
may  be  taught,  better  than  from  any  other  source,  a  host 
of  facts  pertaining  to  the  drainage  of  the  State,  the  char- 
acter of  its  productions,  the  varieties  of  its  climate  and 
the  historical  development  of  its  manufactures  and  com- 
merce. 

The  exhibit  of  the  normal  school  of  Boston  showed  very 
fully  the  character  of  the  work  done  in  this  institution.  The 
school  has  an  honorable  history  and  it  has  had  great  influ- 
ence in  maintaining  and  improving  the  character  of  instruc- 
tion in  the  schools  of  the  city. 

From  the  Girls'  High  School  came  a  volume  of  rare  value, 
a  description  of  the  art  collections  of  this  school  and  a  cata- 
logue of  its  libraries. 

The  Horace  Mann  School  for  the  Deaf  sent  papers  in  geog- 
raphy, history,  arithmetic,  physiology  and  English  that  would 
do  credit  to  pupils  whose  senses  are  normal,  with  sloyd  work 
of  a  very  high  degree  of  excellence. 

The  views  of  the  Mechanic  Arts  High  School,  opened  this 
fall  in  Boston,  showed  the  accommodations  which  Boston  has 
prepared  for  a  manual  training  high  school.  A  remarkable 
fact  connected  with  this  high  school  is  the  number  of  pupils 
who  have  applied  for  admission  at  its  opening  session.  Nearly 
as  many  pupils  have  applied  for  admission  to  its  lowest  class 
as  the  entire  building  is  capable  of  accommodating.  The 
result  is  that  the  city  has  at  once  made  preparations  for 
building  an  additional  school  of  the  same  character. 

A  distinctively  Boston  institution  is  the  military  organiza- 


WORLD'S   FAIR   MANAGERS.  89 

tion  maintained  by  its  high  schools.  The  boys  of  tlie  various 
high  schools  form  one  regiment,  commanded  by  officers  selected 
from  their  number.  Each  of  the  schools  is  organized  as  a 
battalion,  with  several  companies,  varying  according  to  the 
number  of  students.  This  military  organization  has  been 
maintained  for  a  long  time  and  is  popular  with  the  pupils 
and  with  the  community.  The  instruction  in  military  science 
is  in  the  hands  of  a  special  director,  who  devotes  his  entire 
time  to  the  work. 

The  five  school  papers  published  by  five  of  the  Boston  high 
schools  formed  an  interesting  portion  of  the  Boston  exhibit. 
These  papers  are  published  and  edited  by  the  pupils  of  the 
various  schools  and  reflect  credit  upon  their  managers. 

Next  in  importance  to  the  exhibit  from  Boston  stood  the 
exhibit  of  the  city  of  Springfield.  This  exhibit  did  not  aim 
to  give  a  complete  picture  of  the  school  work  of  the  city. 
It  rather  aimed  to  show  the  lines  of  work  to  which  the  school 
authorities  have  given  special  attention  in  recent  years.  In 
general  these  subjects  are  arithmetic,  drawing,  manual  train- 
ing, music  and  writing.  The  work  in  primary  arithmetic  was 
unique  in  various  particulars.  Perhaps  it  may  be  best  char- 
acterized by  saying  that  it  is  based  upon  form  study  and 
elementary  geometry.  It  is  closely  co-ordinated  with  drawing 
and  with  English.  According  to  this  plan  mensuration  begins 
in  the  lowest  grades  and  is  continued  through  the  entire  course. 
The  area  of  surfaces  and  the  contents  of  solids  are  discussed 
and  measured  in  grades  several  years  lower  than  is  the  custom 
in  other  cities.  All  the  work  in  arithmetic  was  very  fully  and 
carefully  illustrated,  and  no  portion  of  the  Massachusetts  ex- 
hibit was  more  carefully  studied  than  this.  It  gave  evidence 
of  most  careful  thought  and  experiment,  and  some  of  the 
results  exhibited  were  surprising. 

Drawing  was  shown  by  two  collections  of  charts  giving  an 
epitome  of  the  course,  and  by  large  portfolios  giving  many 


90  EEPOET    OF   BOARD    OF 

examples  taken  from  the  work  of  pupils  in  primary  and 
grammar  grades.  These  were  systematically  arranged  and 
afforded  an  excellent  opportunity  to  study  the  course  as  out- 
lined by  the  director  of  drawing.  No  more  systematic  work 
was  shown  in  the  exhibit.  A  special  feature  of  the  work  was 
the  excellence  of  its  object  drawing.  Another  important 
feature  was  its  correlation  with  the  work  in  the  high  school. 
For  example,  an  important  portion  of  the  high  school  drawing 
consists  in  illustrating  the  work  done  in  biology,  physics  and 
chemistry.  The  drawing  of  the  lower  grades  looks  forward 
to  this  work  and  prepares  for  it.  The  high  school  drawing 
was  shown  only  in  its  application  to  science  work,  but  these 
applications  had  a  very  high  degree  of  merit.  A  feature 
of  this  work  which  has  attracted  very  marked  attention  was 
the  color  work  in  botany  and  zoology.  This  work  was  done  in 
water  colors  and  was  of  such  excellence  that  it  could  well  be 
used  as  charts  for  instruction  in  those  branches  in  the  lower 
grades  of  schools. 

Springfield  furnished  the  only  elaborate  exhibit  in  music  in 
the  Massachusetts  department.  This  exhibit  consisted  of  the 
written  exercises  of  pupils.  These  exercises  contained  music 
written  by  the  pupils  from  dictation,  written  examinations  in 
music,  and  music  written  to  express  what  the  pupils  have  heard 
sung  or  played.  The  teacher  sings  or  plays  in  the  presence 
of  the  pupils  and  they  write  the  music  which  they  hear.  This 
exhibit  received  much  attention. 

The  work  in  manual  training  included  work  for  every 
grade  from  the  kindergarten  to  the  last  year  of  the  high 
school.  It  consisted  of  work  in  paper,  cla}',  wood  and  iron, 
and  the  scheme  was  so  arranged  as  to  form  a  connected 
whole.  The  paper  modelling  and  the  clay  modelling  are 
closely  connected  with  instruction  in  drawing.  The  work  in 
paper  folding  and  other  kindergarten  exercises  is  followed 
by  simple  wood  carving  and  other  forms  of  knife  work,  and 


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WORLD'S   PAIR   MANAGERS.  91 

that  leads  to  Mr.  Kilbon's  well-known  course  of  manual 
training  in  wood  and  iron.  Tliis  work  was  shown  in  large 
frames  by  carefully  numbered  models  and  the  proper  ex- 
planatory legends.  Mr.  Kilbon's  course,  as  is  well  known, 
is  not  the  usual  Russian  form  of  manual  training.  It  is, 
however,  remarkably  systematic,  and  the  results  secured  under 
his  efficient  instruction  are  such  as  to  commend  his  system. 

The  work  in  penmanship  from  the  Springfield  public 
schools  was  more  extensive  than  any  other  similar  exhibit 
from  the  State.  The  form  of  letters  is  the  usual  Spencerian 
form,  and  shading  is  taught  from  the  first.  Instruction  in 
form  is  combined  with  a  great  variety  of  movement  exer- 
cises. These  exercises  were  an  important  portion  of  the 
work  and  a  very  striking  feature  of  the  exhibit.  The  re- 
sults secured  show  a  style  of  handwriting  which  is  not  dif- 
ferent in  character  from  that  taught  in  business  schools. 
The  selected  specimens  of  high  school  pupils'  work  showed  a 
degree  of  facility  in  pen  work  that  was  unexcelled  in  any 
exhibit  in  the  building,  save  in  the  exhibit  of  commercial 
schools. 

The  high  school  exhibit  was  confined  principally  to  work  in 
science.     The  work  in  this  line  was  of  a  very  high  character. 

The  exhibit  from  the  Springfield  training  school  showed  the 
course  of  study  and  methods  of  training  employed  in  this 
school.  Its  efficiency  is  due  in  a  great  degree  to  the  skill 
and  devotion  of  its  principal.  Miss  Read,  and  the  volume  was 
a  satisfactory  exhibition  of  its  work. 

Adams  sent  seven  bound  volumes  of  pupils'  work,  two 
from  the  grammar  schools  and  five  from  the  high  school. 
The  general  character  of  this  work  was  good  and  reflected 
credit  upon  the  superintendent  and  teachers.  A  pamphlet 
gave  the  organization  and  rules  of  the  training  school. 

Braintree  showed  work  of  all  grades  in  four  bound  volumes. 
The  volumes  had  evidently  been  prepared  with  a  good  deal 


92  REPORT   OP   BOARD    OF 

of  care.  The  general  impression  which  one  received  from 
them  was  that  the  work  in  tlie  lower  grades  has  not  reached 
the  degree  of  excellence  common  in  the  upper  grades. 

Brockton  made  a  small  exhibit,  showing  only  drawing  and 
arithmetic.  The  drawings  were  good  and  the  work  in  arith- 
metic was  of  such  a  character  as  to  make  one  wish  the  exhibit 
were  larger. 

Brookline  furnished  an  accurate  picture  of  the  work  done 
in  her  public  schools.  The  conditions  for  school  work  there 
are  remarkably  favorable.  The  town  is  so  wealthy  that  it 
can  devote  to  its  public  schools  a  large  sum  of  money  with- 
out taxing  itself  to  the  same  extent  that  other  communities 
must  do  to  secure  a  meagre  sum  for  schools.  As  a  result, 
a  great  amount  of  money  has  been  spent  during  the  last 
decade  in  the  building  and  furnishing  of  school  houses  and 
in  securing  the  best  available  superintendent  and  teachers. 
The  first  characteristic  which  struck  one  in  examining  the 
Brookline  work  is  its  comprehensiveness.  A  list  of  subjects 
taught  to  pupils  of  common  school  age  includes  all  the  or- 
dinary common  school  branches,  and  drawing,  English  litera- 
ture, zoology,  botany,  domestic  economy,  sewing,  work  in 
wood  and  iron,  mineralogy,  physics  and  chemistry. 

The  appliances  for  teaching  these  subjects  were  complete  in 
every  particular.  Workshops,  kitchens  and  sewing  rooms 
are  provided  freely,  and  no  effort  is  spared  to  make  the 
work  of  school  life  a  complete  epitome  of  all  that  a  child 
should  learn,  as  well  as  a  means  of  training  mind  and  body 
to  a  high  degree  of  power.  The  work  shown  illustrated  all 
the  features  of  this  very  comprehensive  system.  Photographs 
gave  pictures  of  school  houses,  school  rooms  and  school 
appliances.  Notable  among  the  last  were  the  art  treasures 
contributed  by  Mr.  William  H.  Lincoln,  for  many  years  a 
most  efficient  member  of  the  school  committee.  The  written 
work  of  pupils  covered  nearly  all  the  subjects  contained   in 


WORLD'S   FAIR   MANAGERS.  93 

the  course  of  study.  Some  of  the  work  which  received  the 
most  attention  was  the  work  in  domestic  economy,  in  the 
natural  sciences  and  in  sewing.  It  is  unusual  to  read  in  the 
ordinary  school  work  of  grammar  school  children  how  to  dust 
a  room,  how  to  sweep  a  floor  and  how  to  wash  a  sink,  but 
who  shall  say  that  these  are  not  as  important  information  as 
how  many  cities  there  are  upon  the  Erie  Canal  or  how  long 
the  Eiver  Lena  is  ?  A  remarkable  book  was  devoted  to  sew- 
ing. Here  the  pupil  writes  clearly  a  description  of  what  she 
proposes  to  do,  illustrates  her  composition  with  an  appropri- 
ate drawing,  and  then  does  the  work  which  she  has  described. 
This  work  was  attached  to  the  composition  and  this  threefold 
representation  was  exhibited  as  a  unit. 

Brookline  is  one  of  the  few  places  in  Massachusetts  which 
furnish  free  public  kindergartens,  and  the  work  of  its  kinder- 
gartens was  shown  in  frames,  upon  the  wall  and  in  a  portfolio. 
The  work  consisted  of  the  usual  work  of  kindergartens,  paper 
folding,  weaving,  etc.,  and  a  few  special  exercises  designed 
for  wall  decoration  on  special  days.  There  were  also  shown 
several  cases  of  collections  of  natural  objects  made  by  pupils 
and  teachers,  and  designed  to  illustrate  the  work  in  geogra- 
phy and  natural  history.  These  cases  gave  rise  to  the  sug- 
gestion that  printers'  cases  are  well  adapted  to  collections  of 
this  character. 

Chelsea  showed  drawing  and  work  in  English  for  primary 
and  grammar  schools,  with  high  school  work  in  nearly  all 
branches  taught  in  New  England  high  schools.  The  work  in 
English  was  distinguished  by  several  peculiarities.  The  most 
prominent  of  these  appeared  in  the  exhibition  of  Mr.  Davis' 
method  of  teaching  reading,  known  as  the  "thought  method." 
By  a  series  of  photographs  of  classes,  and  printed  explana- 
tions beneath  them,  he  showed  very  satisfactorily  its  principal 
characteristics.  Some  of  the  prominent  features  of  this  system 
are :  first,  the  thought  always  precedes  the  expression  ;  second, 


94  EEPORT    OF   BOARD    OP 

all  reading  from  printed  text-books  is  sight  reading ;  third, 
in  oral  reading  the  pupil  looks  at  his  teacher  and  not  at  his 
book,  and  the  exercises  resemble  a  conversation  lesson  more 
than  an  ordinary  reading  lesson.  This  exhibit  attracted  a 
good  deal  of  attention  on  the  part  of  educators  from  all 
parts  of  the  United  States  and  from  foreign  countries. 

A  characteristic  of  the  grammar  school  exhibit  in  English 
was  the  large  amount  of  memorized  gems  of  English  literature. 
This  feature  is  a  pleasant  one  for  the  pupils,  and  its  results 
must  be  beneficial  on  their  vocabulary  and  forms  of  expres- 
sion. 

The  course  in  drawing  was  shown  in  full,  and  conformed  in 
general  to  the  outlines  of  the  State  course.  The  work  shown 
was  good. 

A  distinguishing  feature  of  the  work  from  the  high  school 
was  the  written  translations  of  Greek  and  Latin  read  in  school. 
Every  pupil,  it  seems,  is  required  as  a  part  of  his  work  to 
make  complete  written  translation  of  all  the  Greek  and  Latin 
which  he  reads. 

Concord  furnished  an  album  of  photographs  giving  pictures 
of  its  school  houses,  school  rooms  and  school  appliances. 
Its  most  striking  feature  was  in  its  representation  of  the 
teams  by  which  pupils  are  conveyed  from  rural  districts  to 
the  central  schools,  the  system  of  centralization  of  pupils 
being  characteristic  of  the  school  system  in  this  town. 

Everett,  in  eleven  bound  volumes,  sent  samples  of  its 
school  work  in  all  subjects  and  grades.  The  character  of 
this  work  was  uniformly  good  and  some  of  it  was  excellent. 
There  was  evidence  of  faithful  and  wise  superintendence  and 
a  general  advance  along  all  lines  of  school  work. 

Fairhaven,  in  two  bound  volumes,  sent  school  work  of 
all  grades.  The  work  was  interesting  and  suggestive  of  good 
methods  of  instruction.  Fairhaven  also  sent  copies  of  its 
school    repoi-t   for   distribution,   and   these  were   taken   away 


WORLD'S   FAIR  MANAGERS.  95 

by  visitors  to  the  exhibit  as  representative  of  a  good  Massa- 
chusetts town  school  report. 

Fall  River  sent,  in  large,  well-bound  volumes,  samples 
of  its  work  in  drawing,  English  and  arithmetic ;  and,  in 
frames,  models  to  illustrate  the  course  in  manual  training 
in  the  B.  M.  C.  Durfee  High  School.  It  also  furnished 
photographs  of  its  school  buildings  and  classes.  The  work 
was  uniformly  good.  The  photographs  of  the  B.  M.  C.  Durfee 
High  School  gave  a  good  idea  of  the  school  building,  and 
suggested  the  character  of  the  work  done  within  its  walls. 
A  printed  volume  gave  a  history  and  description  of  this 
building. 

Hingham,  in  fourteen  bound  volumes,  made  a  good  dis- 
play of  the  work  done  in  all  of  its  schools.  The  most 
characteristic  feature  of  her  exhibit  is  the  attention  which 
it  gives  to  science  work,  and  particularly  to  nature  study 
in  the  lower  grades.  The  amount  and  character  of  the 
work  shown  in  this  branch  indicated  great  enthusiasm  on 
the  part  of  the  superintendent  and  teachers.  The  high 
school  work  was  good   and  suggestive  of  excellent  methods. 

Holyoke  made  no  general  display  of  its  school  work,  but 
exhibited  some  of  its  features  in  a  highly  attractive  way.  The 
drawing  was  excellent,  particularly  the  model  and  object  draw- 
ing and  historic  ornament  from  pupils  of  the  high  school. 
Its  work  in  penmanship  was  excellent  in  character  and  showed 
the  most  training  in  this  branch  of  study.  A  volume  of  man- 
uscript written  and  illustrated  by  pupils  in  the  public  schools 
was  a  work  of  great  excellence  and  attracted  much  attention. 
Holyoke  furnished  a  number  of  relief  maps  made  from  putty 
and  pulp.  These  were  painted  to  represent  elevation  and 
were  suggestive  of  possibilities  in  this  kind  of  work  which  are 
not  often  secured.  A  volume  gave  a  record  of  the  history 
and  course  of  study  of  the  normal  training  school  of  the  city. 
This   school   is   considered   by  many   observers  to  be  one  of 


96  REPORT    OF   BOARD    OF 

the  best  of  its  kind  in  the  State.  A  series  of  historical  charts 
prepared  by  the  pupils  of  one  of  the  grammar  schools  to  illus- 
trate lessons  in  history  was  unique  in  character  and  of  A^alue  to 
teachers  who  examined  it. 

Lawrence  showed  the  character  of  its  school  work  in  nine 
large  bound  volumes,  covering  all  the  branches  of  study  taught 
in  its  schools.  This  work  was  of  good  quality  and  the  methods 
illustrated  were  worthy  of  attention. 

Maiden  furnished  two  bound  volumes  of  high  school  work 
and  a  case  of  chemical  products  from  the  high  school  labora- 
tory. The  volume  on  physics  gave  the  method  of  instruction 
pursued  in  this  study  and  sufficient  pupils'  work  to  indicate  its 
general  character.  The  method  of  instruction  is  adapted  to 
the  conditions  under  which  it  is  given  and  the  results  were  very 
satisfactory.  Some  of  the  illustrative  drawings  were  unusually 
well  executed.  The  work  in  chemistry  likewise  had  great 
excellence.  Original  laboratory  note  books,  in  the  solution 
of  chemical  problems  and  the  determination  of  unknowns  in 
qualitative  analysis,  were  of  excellent  character.  The  organi- 
zation and  plan  of  work  in  the  normal  training  school  of  this 
city  were  also  shown.  The  work  of  this  school  was  laid  out 
in  a  manner  worthy  of  study.  A  pamphlet  by  the  superin- 
tendent of  schools  showed  the  method  of  promotion  employed 
in  this  city,  whereby  rapid  promotion  of  bright  pupils  is  made 
easy.  This  method  is  believed  to  be  unique  and  very  suc- 
cessful in  practice. 

Pittsfield  showed  drawing  of  all  grades  and  of  excellent 
character,  a  bound  volume  of  language  work  in  the  gram- 
mar grades,  a  case  of  construction  work  in  clay  and  paper, 
and  a  very  elaborate  and  artistic  herbarium  of  native  flow- 
ers. The  method  of  mounting  and  the  excellence  of  the 
work  attracted  much  attention. 

Quincy  showed  drawing,  construction  work  and  the  usual 
studies   of   primary,   grammar   and    high    school.      The  work 


WORLD'S    PAIR   MANAGERS.  97 

of  this  city  has  been  much  sought  after  by  visitors  on  ac- 
count of  the  reputation  of  the  so-called  "  Quincy  methods." 
These  methods  have,  however,  been  so  much  modified  as 
to  differ  essentially  from  the  methods  which  took  this  title 
under  the  direction  of  Colonel  Parker.  The  methods  now 
used  in  this  city  do  not  in  general  differ  from  those  used  in 
other  cities  of  Massachusetts  under  the  direction  of  skilful 
superintendence.  The  work  was  excellent  in  every  line,  and 
worthy  of  the  study  which  it  received.  This  was  particularly 
true  in  the  nature  study,  which  was  exhibited  very  fully  and 
in  some  particulars  more  completely  than  that  of  any  other 
city.  The  drawing  of  Quincy  was  also  notable.  It  formed 
a  large  part  of  the  State  course  as  illustrated  upon  the 
walls  of  the  Massachusetts  exhibit,  and  filled  several  port- 
folios, besides  occupying  a  large  portion  of  one  of  the 
winged  frames.  The  work  was  carefully  graded  and  well 
executed. 

Salem  furnished  us  with  thirty  volumes  of  pupils'  exer- 
cises, elegantly  bound  in  half  calf.  These  volumes  were  in 
general  of  two  kinds  :  one  kind  containing  annual  examina- 
tions ;  the  other  illustrative  lessons.  The  work  of  Salem 
differed  from  that  of  most  of  the  work  shown  in  the  Mas- 
sachusetts exhibit  in  the  fact  that  it  showed  the  work  of 
entire  classes  alone,  no  selected  work  having  been  sent. 
This,  of  course,  detracted  from  the  appearance  of  the  volumes, 
though  it  added  to  their  interest.  On  the  whole,  they  gave  an 
admirable  picture  of  the  work  being  done  in  a  New  Eng- 
land city  which  has  clung  to  old  methods  of  instruction  for 
many  years  and  which  is  gradually  making  progress  on 
modern  lines  under  the  direction  of  an  energetic  and  philo- 
sophic superintendent.  A  remarkable  volume  was  entitled 
"An  Historic  Album."  This  album  consisted  of  a  very  large 
number  of  photographs  of  objects  of  local  and  historical  in- 
terest.     Salem    abounds    in  these   objects,   and   the    pictures 


98  REPORT    OP   BOARD    OF 

have  therefore  great  interest  and  historical  value.  These 
photographs  were  taken  and  finished  by  pupils  in  the  Salem 
High  School-  With  each  photograph  was  a  descriptive 
essay  written  by  some  pupil  in  the  high  school  and  copied 
on  the  typewriter.  These  descriptions  showed  patient  research 
and  a  good  degree  of  power  in  idiomatic  and  picturesque 
English.  On  the  whole,  no  other  object  in  the  Massachu- 
setts Educational  Exhibit  had  greater  interest  or  historic 
value  than  this  remarkable  volume.  Another  album  gave 
fine  photographic  views  of  the  school  buildings  and  schools 
of  Salem.  A  valuable  feature  of  the  Salem  exhibit  was  the 
framed  pictures  of  rooms  decorated  under  the  direction  of 
Ross  Turner,  for  the  purpose  of  art  instruction  in  the  pub- 
lic schools.  The  influence  of  Salem  in  this  work  will  be 
far   reaching. 

From  Somerville  came  work  in  kindergarten,  color-drawing, 
nature  study,  elementary  science,  language,  geography  and 
sewing.  Somerville  is  one  of  the  few  places  in  Massachu- 
setts that  support  free  public  kindergartens,  the  others  being 
Boston,  Cambridge,  Lowell,  Newton  and  Brookline.  The 
course  in  color  was  very  elaborate  and  systematic,  and  the 
drawing  was  excellent.  The  course  of  sewing  was  very  care- 
fully graded  and  arranged,  and  its  method  of  exhibition  could 
hardly  be  improved.  The  processes  taught  and  their  appli- 
cation in  completed  garments  filled  fifteen  showcases  and 
formed  a  very  attractive  and  instructive  exhibit. 

Waltham  showed  only  drawing  and  manual  training.  The 
drawing  from  the  evening  drawing  schools  and  from  the  high 
school  was  excellent.  The  manual  training  showed  ]Mr. 
Schwartz's  course,  so  far  as  it  was  developed  at  the  time  of 
the  opening  of  the  Exposition.  This  course  is  original  with 
Mr.  Schwartz  in  many  of  its  features.  He  follows  sloyd  prin- 
ciples, but  his  models  are  somewhat  different  from  those  of 
other  teachers  of  manual  training.     Moreover,  he  carries  the 


WORLD'S    PAIR   MANAGERS.  9^ 

sloyd  principle  into  work  for  high  school  pupils,  including 
work  in  iron.  His  exhibit  has  received  much  attention,  and 
has  great  excellence. 

From  Westfield  came  high  school  work  alone.  One  volume 
was  devoted  to  physics,  another  to  business  practice  and  book- 
keeping, another  to  chemistry,  botany  and  physiology,  and 
another  to  English.  All  the  work  in  these  volumes  was  char- 
acterized by  excellent  penmanship  and  a  general  appearance 
of  care  and  neatness  very  creditable  to  the  school.  The  work 
in  book-keeping  and  business  practice  gave  a  picture  of  the 
commercial  part  of  this  school  justly  celebrated  for  its  effi- 
ciency. The  work  in  physics  and  chemistry  was  laboratory 
work  of  a  high  order.  The  work  in  English  was  carefully 
an-anged  and  graded.  In  addition  to  the  bound  volumes, 
the  school  had  sent  several  of  its  exercise  books  not  prepared 
for  the  Exposition,  but  showing  very  clearly  that  the  work  of 
bound  volumes  was  but  a  fair  sample  of  its  ordinary  work. 

Worcester  devoted  one  bound  volume  to  the  work  of  its 
primary  schools,  seven  volumes  to  the  work  of  its  grammar 
schools,  and  three  volumes  to  the  work  of  its  classical  high 
school.  The  primary  work  was  taken  from  the  third  grade  only, 
and  showed  the  results  of  teaching  the  ordinary  branches  of 
study  in  this  grade.  The  volumes  devoted  to  the  grammar 
school  showed  the  results  obtained  in  these  schools.  The 
methods  of  teaching  testified  to  a  good  degree  of  origi- 
nality. The  course  of  study  has  not  been  seriously  affected 
by  modern  notions,  and  knowledge  and  facility  in  its  use 
seem  to  be  a  primary  purpose  of  school  authorities.  In  fol- 
lowing out  this  object  they  reach  good  results.  One  volume 
from  this  city  was  unique  and  valuable.  It  consisted  of  pupils' 
monthly  record  books.  These  monthly  record  books  are  an 
attempt  to  adapt  the  French  system  to  American  conditions, 
which  seems  to  have  been  successful.  The  record  books  are 
prepared,  however,  not  for  the   inspector,  as  in  France,  but 


100  EEPOKT   OF   BOARD    OF 

for  parents,  and  are  shown  to  parents  every  month.  The 
suggestion  which  Worcester  makes  in  this  line  is  worthy  of 
being  taken  up  and  used  in  other  places  with  a  view  to 
finding  the  best  method  of  using  the  monthly  record  book. 
The  high  school  volumes  contained  the  usual  work  of  classical 
high  schools,  with  a  record  of  the  work  of  the  school  in 
preparing  its  pupils  for  college.  The  record  was  an  honorable 
one  and  seems  to  have  had  a  high  degree  of  success.  All 
the  work  shown  was  good  and  some  was  very  striking  and 
suggestive.  The  drawing  from  the  Worcester  primary  and 
grammar  schools  was  limited  in  amount  and  consisted  mostly 
of  bound  drawing  books  selected  from  the  various  schools 
in  the  city.  This  method  of  exhibition  has  the  advantage 
of  showing  the  actual  results  secured  in  the  regular  work. 
Drawings  from  the  high  school  were  excellent  and  indicated  a 
high  quality  of  teaching.  The  sketches  in  water  color  were 
particularly  admired.  An  album  of  photographs  showed 
the  school  buildings  of  the  city  and  classes  at  work.  A 
series  of  relief  maps  illustrated  the  careful  work  done  in 
geography.  Framed  photographs  of  school  buildings  and 
classes  taken  by  pupils  in  the  public  schools  showed  the 
extent  of  amateur  photography  among  Worcester  school  chil- 
dren. The  evening  drawing  school  made  a  display  of  me. 
chanical,  decorative  and  pictorial  drawing  which  did  great 
credit  to  the  pupils  and  instructor.  With  this  work  was  a 
series  of  plaster  casts  from  the  hands  of  pupils  in  this 
school.     These  were  well  executed. 

Three  questions  concerning  the  exhibit  remain  to  be  an- 
swered :  First,  did  it  pay  ?  Second,  how  did  it  compare  with 
the  exhibits  of  other  States  ?     Third,  what  will  become  of  it  ? 

The  first  of  these  questions  may  be  answered  unhesitatingly 
in  the  affirmative.  The  work  of  preparation  was  a  challenge 
to  school  authorities,  to  teachers  and  to  pupils,  and  their  suc- 
cesses as  well  as  their  failures  were  often  a  surprise  to  all  con- 


WORLD'S   FAIR   MANAGERS.  101 

cerned  in  the  work.  The  excellence  attained  in  the  exhibition 
will  be  a  standard  for  all  future  work,  and  the  knowledge  of 
existing  weakness  will  help  to  bring  strength. 

In  another  way  the  exhibition  was  useful.  The  good  work 
shown  was  an  incentive  and  inspiration  to  all  who  saw  it. 
Ideals  have  been  raised,  and  no  teacher  or  pupil  who  studied 
the  excellent  papers  exhibited  will  be  satisfied  with  work 
less  worthy. 

The  chief  good  wrought  by  the  exhibit,  however,  springs 
from  the  portion  contributed  by  superintendents  and  teachers. 
The  carefully  planned  courses  of  study,  the  lessons  and  exer- 
cises laid  out  with  such  great  care,  and,  above  all,  probably, 
the  "prefaces"  of  teachers,  showing  methods  of  instruction, 
were  a  school  of  pedagogy  of  the  ver}^  highest  practical  value, 
sure  to  bring  rich  fruitage  in  thousands  of  schools. 

The  exhibit  was  visited  and  studied  by  many  more  than  we 
had  dared  to  hope  for.  At  times  we  found  it  difficult  to  attend 
to  all  our  visitors,  and  at  nearly  all  times  our  work  was  studied 
by  careful  students  from  all  portions  of  the  world. 

The  second  question,  how  our  work  compared  with  that  of 
other  States,  may  well  be  left  to  the  report  of  the  jury  of 
awards  in  the  educational  department.  Tliis  report  has  not  yet 
been  published,  but  the  large  number  of  medals  awarded  and 
the  oral  compliments  of  the  jurors  during  their  examinations  of 
our  work  assure  me  that  the  Commonwealth  maintained  the 
standing  which  she  has  ever  held  in  the  cause  of  popular  edu- 
cation. 

The  third  question.  What  shall  be  done  with  the  exhibit?  is 
one  that  deserves  the  most  careful  attention  on  the  part  of  all 
friends  of  education  in  the  State.  In  this  matter,  as  in  others, 
I  am  persuaded  that  the  recommendation  of  your  Board  will 
have  great  influence.  It  seems  to  me  that  the  exhibit  should 
be  kept  intact  and  placed  on  permanent  exhibition.  This  plan 
has  been  adopted  for  the  exhibits  of  New  York,  New  Jersey 


102  REPORT    OF   BOARD    OF 

and   Pennsylvania,    and   will   probably  be  followed    by  other 
States. 

Perhaps  the  greatest  educational  need  of  the  State  is  a 
school  museum.  Here  should  be  maintained  a  pedagogical 
library,  a  complete  representation  of  the  educational  facilities 
of  the  State,  a  complete  exposition  of  courses  of  study  and 
methods  of  instruction,  and  a  display  of  school  architecture, 
furnishings  and  apparatus.  Our  Chicago  exhibit  would  make 
a  proper  beginning  for  such  a  museum. 

In  conclusion,  allow  me  to  express  my  appreciation  of  the 
unfailing  interest  which  tlie  Commissioners  have  shown  in  our 
Educational  Department,  and  my  gratitude  for  the  many  per- 
sonal courtesies  which  I  have  received  at  their  hands. 
Respectfully  submitted, 

(Signed)   Geokge  E.  Gay. 


COLLEGES. 

Board  of  Woi'kVs  Fair  Managers,  Commonwealth  of  Massachusetts :  — 
Dear  Sirs  :  —  In  compliance  with  your  request,  I  have  the 
honor  to  submit  herewith  a  brief  report  of  the  exhibits  made 
by  the  colleges  of  the  Commonwealth  at  the  World's  Colum- 
bian Exposition. 

LOCATION  AND  ARRANGEMENT  OF  THE  COLLEGE  EXHIBITS, 

The  college  exhibits  occupied  space  in  the  educational 
section  of  the  Liberal  Arts  Department,  in  the  south  gallery 
of  the  Manufactures  and  Liberal  Arts  Building,  adjoining 
the  space  assigned  to  the  public  schools  of  the  Common- 
wealth. This  space  was  in  the  central  portion  of  the  section 
and  was  designed  to  give  to  the  exhibits  as  prominent  a 
position  as  possible,  as  was  evidenced  by  the  fact  that  the 
allotment  to  Harvard   University  was   ofttimes  spoken  of  as 


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WORLD'S   PAIR   MANAGERS. 


103 


the  "  place  of  honor."     The  following  diagram  gives  a  repre- 
sentatioD  of  the  relative  positions  of  these  exhibits  :  — 


Harvard. 


Amherst. 
Clark. 
Tufts. 
Williams. 


Habtard. 


Colleges  for  Girls 
in  Spain  and 
Turkey. 

Harvard  Annex. 

Smith. 

Wellesley. 

Mount  Holyoke. 


Institute 
of 


Technology. 


The  amount  of  floor  space  assigned  to  the  several  institu- 
tions was  about  as  follows  :  — 

Harvard  University,  4,500  square  feet ;  Massachusetts  In- 
stitute of  Technology,  1,100  square  feet;  Amherst  College, 
Tufts  College,  Williams  College  and  Clark  University,  75 
square  feet  each ;  and  the  colleges  for  women,  375  square 
feet. 

PURPOSE  OF  THE  EXHIBITS. 

The  apparent  purpose  of  all  the  colleges  was  to  show  as 
fully  as  possible  the  educational  facilities  afforded  by  them 
and  to  give  to  the  investigator  an  opportunity  to  acquire  all 
desirable  information  concerning  their  equipment,  courses  of 
study  and  methods  of  instruction.  Some  of  the  institutions, 
with  commendable  pride,  exhibited  the  fruits  of  their  labors 
in  the  lives  and  works  of  their  graduates., 


HARVARD    UNIVERSITY. 

To  Harvard  University  was  assigned  the  largest  space  given 
to  any  educational  institute  in  the  world.  It  was  believed  that 
the  oldest  scholastic  institution  in  the  land  o-iyeu  to  the  world 


104  REPORT    OF   BOARD    OF 

by  Columbus  should  have  a  prominent  position  in  a  celebra- 
tion designed  to  show  the  progress  of  mankind  for  four 
hundred  years.  The  admirable  manner  in  which  she  filled 
this  position  was  the  theme  of  much  enthusiastic  comment 
from  all  observers.  In  general,  the  method  was  to  treat 
each  department  of  the  University  as  a  unit,  and  to  give  a 
complete  view  of  the  condition  and  extent  of  its  work.  Pict- 
ures, charts,  maps,  models,  specimens,  pamphlets,  bound 
volumes,  —  all  did  service  in  showing  the  resources  and 
characteristics  of  each  department.  To  one  entering  the 
exhibit  from  the  south,  the  first  portion  to  present  itself 
was  the  Department  of  Physics.  On  five  large  tables  was 
arranged  the  apparatus  that  has  made  the  "Harvard  experi- 
ments" in  physics  possible.  The  course,  or  rather  the  courses, 
had  several  distinguishing  features  of  excellence,  not  the  least 
of  which  was  the  low  cost  of  -the  special  apparatus.  That 
the  course  ends  in  practical  applications  was  indicated  by 
photographs  of  the  Jefferson  Physical  Laboratory,  by  explana- 
tory pamphlets,  and  by  working  models  of  electrical  ma- 
chinery made  by  students  in  the  Lawrence  Scientific  School. 

On  the  left,  as  one  entered  from  the  south,  was  an  al- 
cove devoted  to  physical  culture,  the  only  complete  exhibit 
of  its  kind  from  any  American  college.  Here  were  to  be 
seen  the  charts  from  which  Dr.  Sargent's  type  models  of 
American  college  students  were  made,  with  large  photo- 
graphs of  the  models  in  various  positions,  samples  of 
special  apparatus  for  scientific  research,  photographs  in  great 
number  illustrating  different  types  of  physical  development, 
sample  charts  for  recording  physical  measurements,  and 
sample  prescriptions  for  exercise   in    hygienic  treatment. 

The  next  room,  used  as  a  reception  room,  contained  the 
desk  of  the  custodian,  while  upon  a  large  table  was  kept  a 
supply  of  various  pamphlets  for  distribution.  The  walls  of 
this  room  were  utilized   for  presenting  many  interesting  feat- 


WOKLD'S   FAIR   MANAGERS.  105 

ures  of  the  work  of  the  University.  Upon  the  walls  of  the 
end  allotted  to  the  Lawrence  School  wei-e  many  exterior 
and  interior  photographs  of  its  building,  showing  the  labora- 
tory, reading  room  and  class-room  facilities,  while  adjoining 
these  were  graphic  charts  answering  all  reasonable  questions 
as  to  the  equipment,  growth,  finances,  number  of  students, 
graduates  and  the  like.  In  the  centre  was  an  ample  book- 
case crowded  with  publications  in  uniform  crimson  binding, 
legal  works  of  the  instructors.  Above  and  on  either  side 
were  the  still  more  impressive  portraits  of  her  distinguished 
teachers.  Story,  Dane,  Parker,  Parsons,  Greenleaf  and 
Washburn.  At  the  opposite  end  of  this  same  room  was  the 
exhibit  of  the  Divinity  School,  which  included  portraits  of 
her  distinguished  graduates  grouped  about  photographs  of 
Divinity  Hall  and  the  Divinity  School.  Among  these  might 
be  mentioned  Sparks,  Channing,  Clarke,  Hedge,  President 
Hill  and  Samuel  Longfellow.  In  the  significant  collections 
of  portraits,  busts  and  publications  that  covered  the  walls 
of  this  room  were  three  exhibits  of  especial  interest  to  Har- 
vard College, — the  first ,  a  series  of  three  charts  drawn  from 
the  Quinquennial  Catalogue,  shoAviug  the  transmission  of 
education  in  families.  Beneath  the  portrait  of  Sir  Richard 
Saltonstall  was  the  record  of  eight  generations  of  Harvard 
graduates  in  the  male  line;  a  picture  of  "The  Reverend 
Mr.  John  Lowell "  presided  over  a  like  enviable  record  of 
six  generations ;  while  the  chart  devoted  to  the  Ware  and 
allied  families  showed  the  same  heritage  of  academic  loyalty. 
Close  at  hand  was  a  large  case  of  historical  publications 
with  numerous  portraits  on  either  side.  Here,  again,  was 
something  of  the  same  suggestion  of  venerable  traditions  in 
the  long  list  of  these  famous  graduates  of  the  college,  who 
in  their  day  had  been  contributors  to  American  historical 
literature.  Living  writers,  biographers,  genealogists  and  the 
like  were  excluded,  the  line  extending  from  the  two  Mathers 


106  REPORT    OF   BOARD    OF 

to  the  familiar  names  of  Prescott,  Motley,  Bancroft  and 
Palfrey.  Farther  to  the  left  was  a  still  more  familiar  group 
of  portraits.  Here  were  to  be  seen  pictures  of  living  men 
grouped  around  the  revered  faces  of  Andrew  Preston  Pea- 
body  and  Phillips  Brooks,  preachers  to  the  University,  who 
had  served  under  the  present  regime  of  religious  worship 
and  instruction. 

Passing  from  the  reception  room  to  the  west,  one  saw  a 
large  map  of  the  University  property,  and  near  it  a  display 
of  photographs  giving  views  of  exteriors  and  interiors, 
famous  for  the  celebrated  names  which  will  forever  be  asso- 
ciated with  them.  Here  was  collected  together  the  exhibit 
of  the  Department  of  Chemistry,  and  a  collection  of  two  hun- 
dred and  three  new  compounds  discovered  or  investigated  in 
the  laboratory. 

Across  the  main  isle  was  the  exhibit  of  the  Medical 
School,  probably  the  largest  department  exhibit  in  the  group. 
Anatomy,  bacteriology,  surgery,  physiology,  the  dental  school 
and  the  veterinary  school  were  represented.  In  this  depart- 
ment the  feeding  of  young  children  attracted  much  attention. 

The  natural  sciences  held  the  entire  eastern  section  of  the 
space.  The  plant  of  the  University  Museum  and  the  Museum 
of  Comparative  Zoology  were  set  forth  in  detail  by  elaborate 
architectural  plans  for  each  floor,  supplemented  by  numerous 
interior  photographs  showing  the  contents  of  the  various 
rooms.  Near  these  were  diagrams  used  in  teaching,  so  ar- 
ranged as  to  show  the  relative  merits  of  different  methods 
and  material.  The  character  of  the  work  done  was  further 
illustrated  by  a  large  number  of  the  students'  drawings, 
while  in  addition  were  to  be  seen  colored  plates  and  a  glass 
case  containing  note  books,  laboratory  apparatus,  and  mate- 
rial specially  adapted  to  zoological  work. 

Two  large  cases  offered  by  the  mineralogical  section,  with- 
out pretentious  or  heterogeneous  display,  showed  the  methods 


WORLD'S   PAIR   MANAGERS.  107 

and  resources  which  offer  peculiar  facilities  for  study,  teach- 
ing and  special  research.  In  one  of  these  was  a  large 
number  of  carefully  prepared  specimens,  labeled  and  arranged 
to  illustrate  the  investigations  made  in  regard  to  the  crystal- 
line structure  of  meteoric  iron,  while  in  another  there  was  to 
be  seen  a  beautiful  collection  of  specimens  illustrating  the 
formation  and  artificial  coloring  of  agates. 

Beautiful  glass  models  of  flowers  distinctly  claimed  the 
place  of  honor  in  the  Botanical  Department,  to  view  which 
many  visitors  made  the  arduous  ascent  to  the  south  gallery 
in  order  that  their  curiosity  in  regard  to  these  famous  flowers 
might  be  gratified,  and  to  study  the  resources  of  the  Botanical 
Museum  as  illustrated  by  the  remarkably  interesting  cases  of 
specimens  in  economic  botany,  together  with  the  colored 
plates  of  Dr.  Farlow's  forthcoming  work  on  North  American 
fungi. 

All  things  considered,  the  Department  of  Geology,  includ- 
ing Palaeontology,  Meteorology,  Petrography  and  Physical 
Geography,  presented  one  of  the  most  carefully  elaborated, 
systematic  and  instructive  sections  of  the  University  exhibit. 
Like  the  departments  already  mentioned,  this  was  equipped 
with  excellent  photographs  of  the  museum,  class  work  and 
laboratory  facilities.  From  the  nature  and  variety  of  the 
specimens,  charts  and  diagrams,  photographs  and  models  used 
in  teaching,  the  space  covered  was  considerable  ;  but  it  was 
not  in  the  extent  and  variety  of  the  exhibit  that  its  chief 
merit  was  found.  Here  the  teacher  or  student  found  methods, 
tools,  students'  note  books,  specimens,  models,  charts  and 
drawings,  so  arranged  that  he  might  almost  reconstruct  the 
courses  and  go  over  the  work  in  detail. 

The  meteorological  exhibit  included  a  set  of  cloud  photo- 
graphs and  maps  used  in  teaching,  together  with  laboratory 
charts,  maps  and  observations  on  temperatui'e  and  pressure. 
Petrography    showed    micro-photographic    apparatus    and    ex- 


108  REPORT    OF   BOARD    OF 

tremely  interesting  specimens,  while  physical  geography  as  a 
university  study  is  to  many  people  so  much  of  a  novelty  that 
the  array  of  relief  maps  illustrating  geographical  development, 
together  with  maps  and  charts  used  in  teaching,  attracted  con- 
siderable attention,  doing  much  to  dignify  the  study  in  the 
minds  of  teachers. 

Astronomy  occupied  the  long  walls  of  the  room  devoted  to 
physics,  being  crowded  with  a  bewildering  array  of  terrestrial 
and  celestial  photographs  and  illustrations  from  the  published 
annals,  interspersed  with  portraits  of  benefactors,  such,  for 
instance,  as  William  Cranch  Bond,  Uriah  Atherton  Boyden, 
Henry  Draper  and  Robert  Treat  Paine  ;  a  large  placard  which 
acknowledged  the  debt  of  the  Observatory  to  successive  bene- 
factors, and  enumerated  the  six  permanent  stations,  the  sixteen 
temporary  stations,  the  principal  astronomical  instruments,  the 
half  century  of  published  annals  and  the  unpublished  investi- 
gations in  which  these  benefactions  have  borne  fruit.  Photo- 
graphs showed  the  rare  equipment  of  the  stations  and  the 
unique  facilities  for  observation  afforded  by  the  high  altitude 
and  southern  position  of  the  Arequipa  Observatory  in  Peru, 
while  other  photographs  showed  the  marvelous  results  of  the 
facilities  described. 

This  report  would  be  incomplete  without  some  reference  to 
the  numerous  charts  and  diagrams  illustrating  the  growth  and 
development  of  the  University,  and  of  its  more  prominent  feat- 
ures. Endowments,  instructors,  students,  expenditures,  for 
a  long  series  of  years,  were  tabulated  and  presented  in  a  form 
most  likely  to  impress  the  mind  of  the  observer  and  to  render 
such  impressions  permanent. 

As  a  means  of  showing  the  clahn  of  Harvard  University 
upon  public  confidence  in  the  future,  no  less  than  its  obliga- 
tions to  public  generosity  in  the  past,  her  exhibit  was  amply 
justified  ;  but  the  University  has  a  higher  mission  than  self- 
justification.      In    age  and  station  she  stands  among  the  first 


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WORLD'S    PAIK   MANAGERS.  109 

of  our  institutions  ;  and  she  cannot,  if  she  would,  escape  the 
responsibility  of  leadership.  To  her  much  has  been  given, 
and  of  her  much  will  be  required  in  moulding  educational  tradi- 
tions. It  is  because  she  saw  the  opportunity  and  responded 
generously  that  she  has  earned  the  gratitude  of  educators 
everywhere. 

MASSACHUSETTS  INSTITUTE  OF  TECHNOLOGY. 

As  shown  upon  the  diagram,  this  institution  occupied  two 
alcoves,  one  on  either  side  of  what  was  not  inaptly  called  Col- 
lege Row.  At  her  east  side  was  the  elaborate  display  of  Michi- 
gan University,  while  on  the  west  were  Harvard,  Princeton  and 
Columbia.  To  say  that  she  filled  this  important  position 
creditably  is  to  understate  the  truth,  for  there  was  a  system  and 
completeness  in  her  display  that  excelled  in  many  particulars 
the  exhibits  of  the  older  institutions.  The  most  careless  ob- 
server could  not  fail  to  get  some  knowledge  of  the  character 
and  extent  of  work  done  by  this  school,  while  the  student  had 
everything  at  hand  which  could  aid  him  in  his  researches. 

The  thirteen  courses  were  represented  in  such  a  manner  as 
to  show  facilities,  methods  and  results  of  instruction.  A 
striking  portion  consisted  of  large  photographs,  of  which 
nearly  three  hundred  were  of  exterior  and  interior  views  of 
buildings,  vistas  of  drawing  rooms  and  laboratories,  views  of 
groups  of  apparatus  and  of  single  important  pieces  of  appa- 
ratus, together  with  views  of  students  at  work.  A  set  of 
charts  gave  complete  information  concerning  the  distribution 
of  students  geographically,  the  residence  of  graduates  and 
studies  in  the  several  courses. 

Not  many  of  the  higher  institutions  of  learning  showed 
students'  work.  The  Institute  of  Technology,  however,  was 
a  notable  exception  in  presenting  a  large  amount  of  this 
work,  including  drawings  from  the  regular  class  work  in  the 
several  courses,  partly  framed  and  hanging  on  the  walls  and 


110  EEPOET    OF   BOARD    OF 

partly  in  winged  frames.  There  were  also  drawings  accom- 
panying the  theses  submitted  by  students  at  the  end  of  their 
courses,  in  proof  of  their  competency  to  make  original  de- 
signs or  investigations  of  professional  merit.  Here  also 
were  bound  volumes  of  engineering  drawings ;  full  sets  of 
pieces  in  carpentry,  forging,  pattern  making  and  the  like, 
made  by  students  of  mechanical  engineering  as  a  part  of  their 
regular  course.  A  separate  four-page  circular  to  be  had  from 
the  custodian  gave  an  account  of  the  instruction  in  the 
mechanic  arts ;  chemical  products  prepared  by  the  students 
in  the  laboratory  of  industrial  chemistry  and  a  collection  of 
yarns  dyed  in  different  colors  or  shades  by  the  students  in 
industrial  chemistry ;  one  hundred  and  thirty-two  theses  as 
originally  presented  and  without  revision  by  the  members  of 
the  graduating  class  of  1892. 

Another  striking  feature  of  this  exhibit  was  a  set  of  port- 
folios containing  a  detailed  and  fully  illustrated  description 
of  the  methods  of  instruction  and  of  the  equipment  of  each 
of  the  departments  of  the  Institute,  representing  the  adminis- 
trative methods  of  the  school,  the  organization  of  its  libraries, 
the  arrangement  of  rooms  in  the  various  buildings,  the  appa- 
ratus employed  for  heating  and  ventilating,  and  student  life 
at  the  Institute. 

Visitors  were  likewise  deeply  impressed  by  a  collection  of 
books  and  pamphlets  used  in  instruction,  which  books  and 
pamphlets  have  been  prepared  with  direct  reference  to  the 
work  of  the  Institute  by  its  own  teachers,  the  larger  part  of 
which  have  been  printed  for  the  use  of  its  students  without 
formal  publication.  These  aggregated  several  thousand  pages, 
with  a  large  number  of  plates  and  illustrations  constituting 
a  collection  without  a  parallel  in  academic  literature. 

Among  interesting  secondary  features  of  this  exhibit  may 
be  especially  mentioned  the  Lowell  School  of  Design,  cover- 
ing patterns  for  wall  papers,   carpets,   etc. 


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WOELD'S   FAIR   MANAGERS.  Ill 

In  apparatus,  typical  pieces  Avere  shown  in  civil  and 
raining  engineering  and  biology.  A  three-phase  motor  con- 
structed by  students  in  electrical  engineering  in  1892  was 
deserving  of  special  mention.  The  Institute  had  also  a 
special  exhibit,  in  connection  with  that  of  the  other  land- 
grant  colleges,   in  the  Agricultural  Building. 

The  courts  of  the  Institute,  as  indeed  of  all  our  educa- 
tional institutions,  were  visited  by  vast  numbers  during  the 
six  months  of  the  great  Exposition.  The  large  majority, 
of  course,  simply  wandered  through,  looking  about  for 
something  curious  or  striking ;  but  many  hundreds  of  ear- 
nest students  of  science  and  technology,  superintendents  of 
schools,  teachers  and  others,  visited  this  exhibit  for  the 
purpose  of  careful  and  protracted  examination,  receiving 
therefrom  instruction   and  inspiration. 


AMHERST    COLLEGE. 

In  comparison  with  that  allotted  to  Harvard  University, 
the  other  colleges  of  the  Commonwealth  had  meagre  space 
for  their  exhibits.  In  an  alcove  ten  feet  deep  and  seven 
and  a  half  feet  wide  it  seems  impossible  to  put  a  repre- 
sentation of  a  great  educational  institution  that  shall  do 
justice  to  the  exhibitor. 

From  the  first,  Amherst  decided  to  exclude  from  its  ex- 
hibit not  only  everything  of  the  nature  of  curios,  memora- 
bilia and  relics,  but  also  materials  of  every  sort,  apparatus 
of  all  kinds,  museum  specimens  and  the  like,  no  matter 
what  might  be  their  special  interest,  historic  or  scientific. 
Pictorial  and  photographic  art  Avas  alone  depended  upon. 
First  in  importance  were  seven  characteristic  photographs  of 
interiors  and  exteriors  of  buildings,  enlarged  by  solar  pro- 
cess to  a  size  thirty  .  by  forty  inches,  —  among  them  the 
general  group  of  the  main  buildings,   the   president's    house, 


112  EEPORT    OF   BOARD    OF 

the  library,  the  college  church,  Walker  Hall,  interiors  of 
the  library  reading-room,  and  the  gallery  of  casts  of  ancient 
sculpture.  A  chart  illustrated  geographically  the  total  num- 
ber of  students  at  Amherst  during  each  year  since  its  or- 
ganization in  1821,  the  number  entering  the  freshman  class 
annually,  the  number  entering  the  three  upper  classes  (al- 
ways about  one-seventh  of  the  entire  number  entering),  and 
the  number  of  the  graduating  class.  This  diagram  most 
forcibly  exhibited  the  instant  success  of  the  college  at  the 
time  when  President  Moore  came  from  Williamstown  as 
Amherst's  first  president,  bringing  with  him  a  large  colony 
from  the  student  body  there,  and  after  a  period  of  depres- 
sion, the  quick  rebound  and  the  return  of  prosperity  on  the 
election  of  Dr.  Edward  Hitchcock ;  the  further  growth  and 
ample  development  under  Dr.  Stearns  and  President  Seelye, 
and  the  sudden  leap  to  Amherst's  present  numbers  upon 
the  accession   of  President  Gates. 

Portraits  of  all  the  former  presidents  were  there,  with 
those  of  the  present  president,  his  faculty,  and  the  board 
of  trustees,  as  also  many  of  her  famous  graduates,  as  fol- 
lows :  Rev.  Henry  Ward  Beecher,  Rev.  Richard  Salter 
Storrs,  Rev.  Roswell  Dwight  Hitchcock,  Bishop  Huntington, 
General  Francis  A.  Walker,  Postmaster-General  Maynard, 
Governor  Bullock,  Judge  Lord,  Judge  Spofford  and  a  score 
of  others. 

The  space  did  not  permit  an  exhibit,  extensive  and  sig- 
nificant as  it  might  have  been,  of  the  printed  works  of  the 
alumni  of  Amherst.  A  select  case  of  volumes,  however, 
presented  the  publications  of  the  members  of  the  present 
faculty,  among  them  being  the  Classics,  edited  by  Professor 
Tyler  and  Professor  Crowell ;  papers  on  Ethics  and  Eco- 
nomics, by  Professor  Clark ;  reports  of  the  archaeological 
expeditious  of  Dr.  Starrett  in  Asia  Minor,  the  astronomical 
publications  by  Professor   Todd,  volumes    on   the    history   of 


WORLD'S  PAIR   MANAGERS.  113 

Physical  Culture  and  Anthropometry  at  Amherst  (where  the 
modern  college  gymnasium  originated),  the  rhetorics  of  Pro- 
fessor Genung,  and  the  well-known  indexes  to  periodical 
and  general  literature  by  Mr.  Fletcher  of  the  College 
Library. 

By  the  use  of  plans  and  elevations  the  recently  erected 
buildings  were  represented,  as  also  were  the  new  laboratories 
for  physics  and  chemistry,  which  latter  have  just  been  com- 
pleted and  equipped  at  a  cost  of  $100,000. 

The  work  of  other  scientific  departments  was  completely 
shown  by  Dr.  Hitchcock's  photographs  and  anthropometric 
charts  and  studies,  with  tables  and  statistics ;  Professor 
Todd's  photographs  of  the  transit  of  Venus,  in  1882,  at  the 
Lick  Observatory,  and  the  views  illustrating  the  work  of  the 
United  States  Eclipse  Expedition  to  West  Africa  in  1889, 
under  his  charge ;  and  charts  showing  the  geology  of  the 
region  east  of  the  Hoosac  Mountains  in  Massachusetts,  the 
work  of  Professor  Emerson,  recently  published  by  the  United 
States  Geological  Survey. 

The  undergraduate  life  of  the  college  at  the  present  day 
was  not  forgotten.  All  the  student  organizations,  their  liter- 
ary periodicals,  and  the  houses  of  the  nine  Greek-letter  frater- 
nities, so  prominent  a  feature  in  the  life  of  Amherst  students 
of  to-day,  were  satisfactorily  exhibited. 

By  adherence  to  the  lines  above  indicated,  the  exhibit  of 
Amherst  College  was  condensed  into  such  compact  form  that, 
although  everything  of  importance  had  representation,  the  in- 
spection of  the  entire  collection  demanded  only  a  few  minutes, 
and  so  small  an  exhibit  at  so  great  a  fair  was,  in  some  re- 
spects, greater  than  a  large  one. 


114:  REPORT    OF   BOARD    OF 


CLARK  UNIVERSITY. 


The  exhibit  of  Clark'  University  was  confined  to  books, 
pamphlets  and  photographs.  The  books  included  twenty- 
nine  volumes,  the  publications  of  the  faculty  of  the  college. 
These  consisted  of  two  volumes  of  Mathematics  and  Physics  ; 
one  each  of  Biology  and  Theses  for  Ph.D. ;  four  volumes  of 
Psychology  and  Education ;  Hegel,  the  national  philosopher 
of  Germany;  Chemistry*  four  volumes  of  the  "American 
Journal  of  Psychology;"  four  volumes  of  the  "Journal  of 
Morphology ; "  Igneous  Rocks  of  Arkansas,  by  J.  Francis 
Williams ;  Pedagogical  Seminary ;  Criminology,  by  Arthur 
MacDonald ;  Early  Registers  and  Reports ;  Aspects  of  Ger- 
man Culture,  by  G.  Stanley  Hall ;  Methods  of  Teaching  and 
Studying  History ;  Bibliography  of  Education,  by  G.  Stanley 
Hall,  and  a  History  of  Modern  Philosophy  in  two  volumes, 
by  B.  C.  Burt. 

The  pamphlets  were  numerous  and  gave  full  illustrations 
of  the  University  in  its  various  departments,  the  photographs 
designed  to  show  the  facilities  for  instruction  being  classi- 
fied as  follows :  — 

Fifteen,  illustrating  facilities  for  the  teaching  of  modern 
mathematics  ;  fifteen,  illustrating  facilities  for  teaching  chem- 
istry. In  addition  to  these  there  were  twenty-eight  photo- 
graphs illustrating  the  facilities  for  teaching  biology,  twenty- 
one  of  exteriors  and  interiors  of  the  college  buildings,  forty 
illustrating  the  facilities  for  teaching  psychology,  and  sixteen 
illustrating  the  facilities  for  teaching  pedagogy. 

Clark  University  devotes  itself  entirely  to  graduate  work, 
being  the  only  institution  of  its  kind  in  the  country.  This 
exhibit  attracted  much  attention,  and  it  was  a  cause  of  much 
surprise  to  many  of  its  visitors,  who,  in  general,  were  poorly 
informed  with  respect  to  the  character  of  its  work,  and  who 


WORLD'S   FAIR   MANAGERS.  115 

had  not  expected  to  find  such  opportunities  for  original  in- 
vestigation on  this  side  of  the  Atlantic. 


TUFTS   COLLEGE. 

The  exhibit  of  Tufts  College  was  modest  and  attractive. 
It  afforded  the  visitor  ample  opportunity  to  learn  its  impor- 
tant features  without  wearying  him  with  detailed  information, 
and  consisted  of  twenty-five  framed  photographs  of  college 
buildings,  interiors  and  exteriors,  three  charts  showing 
courses  of  study,  a  map  of  the  college  grounds,  a  floor  plan 
of  Barnum  Museum,  a  photograph  of  the  college  church,  to- 
gether with  pamphlets  describing  new  courses  of  study  and 
catalogues  of  the  college. 

A  unique  part  of  the  exhibit  was  the  collection  of  charts, 
showing,  by  graphic  methods,  the  course  of  study  recently 
adopted,  in  which  course  Tufts  has  taken  advanced  ground, 
and  may  with  pride  see  the  other  colleges  of  this  country 
following  where  she  has  led. 

WILLIAMS   COLLEGE. 

The  exhibit  of  Williams  College  was  arranged  as  a  recep- 
tion room,  comfortable  chairs  inviting  the  visitor  to  rest, 
and  tables  affording  the  alumni  an  opportunity  to  write. 

The  walls  of  the  room  were  decorated  with  thirty-three 
large  photographs  of  college  buildings,  exteriors  and  interiors, 
and  with  portraits  of  her  distinguished  alumni. 

MOUNT  HOLYOKE  COLLEGE. 

The  colleges  for  women  united  in  furnishing  their  space  as  a 
reception  room,  a  large  table  occupying  the  centre  of  the  room, 
two  large  bookcases  holding  portions  of  the  exhibit,  and  chairs 
provided  for  the  comfort  of  visitors.  On  the  table  were  regis- 
ters for  the  alumnae  of  the  colleges,  and  the  exhibits  of  the 


116  EEPORT   OF   BOAED    OF 

Society  to  Encourage  Studies  at  Home  and  of  the  Woman's 
Educational  Association.  The  south  wall  of  this  room  and  a 
part  of  the  table  were  devoted  to  the  exhibit  of  Mount  Holyoke 
College.  Hanging  on  the  centre  of  this  wall  was  a  large  picture 
of  Mary  Lyon,  beneath  which  was  an  embellished  chart,  the 
brief  sketch  of  the  history  of  the  remarkable  institution  which 
her  interest  and  devotion  brought  into  existence.  Around  this, 
as  a  centre,  were  grouped  large  photographs  of  exteriors  and 
interiors.  These  were  supplemented  by  a  map  of  the  college 
grounds,  by  floor  plans  of  college  buildings,  by  wall  frames 
filled  with  photographs,  and  complete  information  concerning 
the  work  of  the  institution. 

The  following  volumes  added  interest  to  the  exhibit :  — 
The  history  of  Mount  Holyoke  Seminary,  the  first  half  cen- 
tur}^,  from  1837  to  1887  ;  the  Greneral  Catalogue  ;  bound  Doc- 
uments and  Addresses ;  bound  Catalogues  of  Mount  Holyoke 
Seminary  from  1837  to  1893  ;'  bound  volumes  of  "The  Mount 
Holyoke,"  a  periodical  published  by  its  students. 

As  the  "  mother  of  colleges  for  women,"  Mount  Holyoke  at- 
tracted much  attention  from  visitors  of  every  land.  Its  long 
list  of  distinguished  alumnae  was  represented  by  many  whose 
fame  is  world-wide. 

WELLES  LEY  COLLEGE. 

Wellesley  sent  the  largest  exhibit  in  the  room,  and  one 
of  the  most  attractive.  She  was  also  the  only  one  of  the 
smaller  colleges  to  furnish   an  attendant. 

The  college  occupied  one-half  of  the  east  wall  and  one  of  the 
bookcases.     Her  exhibit  consisted  in  part  of  the  following  :  — 

Eleven  framed  photographs  of  exteriors. 
/     Large  album   containing   full   account  of  the   organization  and 
administration  of  the  college,  with   statistics  and  other  general  in- 
formation; curriculum  of  the   school,  with   full  explanation  of  the 


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WORLD'S   FAIR   MANAGERS.  117 

course  of  study  in  the  various  departments  and  of  the  methods  of 
instruction;  photographs  of  interiors  and  facilities  for  instruc- 
tion. 

Statutes  of  Wellesley  College. 

Blanks  and  circulars  used  in  administration. 

"Matriculation  Book,"  given  to  the  student  on  matriculation, 
and  presented  by  the  student  with  the  signatures  of  instructors, 
showing  that  a  requisite  amount  of  work  has  been  done  for  the 
Bachelor's  degree. 

Legislation  of  the  Faculty  of  Wellesley  College. 

Reports  of  President  Shafer,  1888-1892. 

Alumnse  Registry,  1879-1885. 

Record  of  Wellesley  College  officers  and  students,  1875-1891. 

Calendars  of  Wellesley  College. 

Sketch  of  the  founder  of  Wellesley  College,  by  Marion  Petton 
Guild. 

Illustrated  article  on  Wellesley  College,  containing  portrait  of 
Henry  F.  Durant,  founder  of  the  college. 

Syllabus  for  Course  in  Constitutional  History ;  Syllabus  for 
Course  in  Economics,  by  Katherine  Coman. 

Thesis  in  Economics,  showing  Use  of  Documents. 

Syllabus  for  Study  of  Italian  Art,  by  E.  H.  Denio. 

Outlines  for  Course  in  History  of  Civilization,  by  M.  A.  Knox. 

Specimen  Blanks  for  Drawing  in  Zoology,  by  Mary  A.  Wilcox. 

Specimen  Blanks  and  Outlines  for  Physiology,  by  Caroline 
Woodman. 

Specimen  Outlines  and  Reports  upon  Observations  in  Experi- 
mental Psychology ;  article  on  Experimental  Psychology  at  Welles- 
ley College ;  Photographs  of  Number  Forms,  by  Mary  Whiton 
Calkins. 

Statistical  Tables,  Wellesley  College  Gymnasium,  1891 ;  Record 
of  Measurements  of  40  Freshmen,  1891-2 ;  Anthropometric  Table 
arranged  from  Measurement  of  1,500  Students,  Lucile  Eaton  Hill 
and  M.  Anna  Wood. 

Specimen  Syllabus  Papers  in  Course  in  New  Testament ;  Intro- 
duction, by  Sarah  F.  Whiting. 

Specimen   Syllabus   Papers   in    Physical   Astronomy;    Specimen 


118  KEPOKT    OF   BOAED    OF 

Sheets  of  Laboratory  Directions  in  Physics ;  Records  of  Experi- 
ments in  Physical  Laboratory,  by  Sarah  F.  Whiting. 

File  of  "  Wellesley  Magazine,"  published  by  Students. 

Scripture  Studies  on  the  Origin  and  Destiny  of  Man,  by  A.  E. 
F.  Morgan. 

The  graduates  of  Wellesley  manifested  the  greatest  enthu- 
siasm in  behalf  of  their  alma  mater.  Weekly  receptions 
were  held  at  the  exhibit,  under  the  auspices  of  the  Chicago 
Alumnae  Association,  being  always  attended  by  large  numbers 
of  former  students. 

SMITH   COLLEGE. 

Smith  College  occupied  one-half  of  the  eastern  wall  of  the 
room,  within  which  space  were  to  be  found  the  following :  — 

Framed  photographs  of  exteriors  and  interiors,  showing  the 
various  buildings  of  the  college  and  its  facilities  for  instruc- 
tion ;  framed  photographs  giving  pictures  of  scenes  in  the 
Greek  play  "  Electra,"  as  rendered  at  the  college;  a  bound 
volume  entitled  "A  G-reek  Play  and  its  Presentation;"  a 
chart  showing  the  various  courses  of  study  in  the  college  ;  a 
chart  showing  the  attendance  in  the  different  departments 
since  its  organization  ;  a  map  of  the  grounds  of  the  college  ; 
floor  plans  of  college  buildings ;  a  photograph  of  equatorial 
telescope  ;   and  calendars. 

This  young  and  vigorous  institution  made  many  friends  by 
its  exhibit.  The  ample  facilities  for  instruction,  the  won- 
derful growth  in  numbers,  the  high  standing  won  by  its 
graduates,  all  combined  to  extend  its  influence  and  to  add 
to  its  reputation.  A  weekly  reception  was  held  by  the  grad- 
uates, which  receptions  were  well  attended. 


WORLD'S   FAIR   MANAGERS.  119 

THE  SOCIETY  FOR  THE  COLLEGIATE  INSTRUCTION  OF  WOMEN. 

The  "  Harvard  Anuex  "  made  a  quiet  display  of  her  build- 
ings, class  rooms,  libraries,  etc.,  together  with  catalogues 
and  courses  of  instruction.  A  pamphlet  for  free  distribu- 
tion gave  all  necessary  information  concerning  the  history 
and  work  of  the  institution. 

THE  AMERICAN  COLLEGE   FOR   GIRLS  AT  CONSTANTINOPLE  AND   THE 
INTERNATIONAL  INSTITUTE  FOR  GIRLS  IN  SPAIN. 

These  institutions  held  space  with  Massachusetts  colleges 
for  women,  because  they  received  their  charters  from  the 
Commonwealth  of  Massachusetts. 

The  former  showed  photographs  of  school  buildings,  views 
of  Constantinople,  portrait  of  Miss  Mary  M.  Patrick,  presi- 
dent, course  of  study,  specimens  of  pupils'  work  in  drawing 
and  various  branches  of  scholastic  education,  diploma  of  the 
college,  and  specimens  of  embroidery,  sewing  and  other 
handiwork  of  the  pupils ;  while  the  Institute  for  Girls  in 
Spain  exhibited  framed  photographs  of  San  Sebastian,  the 
home  of  the  school,  a  portrait  of  Mrs.  Alice  Gordon  Gulick, 
director  of  the  Institute,  a  diploma  of  the  Institute,  photo- 
graphs of  the  faculty,  instructors  and  graduates,  specimens  of 
the  handiwork  of  the  pupils,  framed  exhibits  in  botany,  and 
pamphlets  for  distribution,  giving  account  of  the  work  of  the 
institution. 

Both  institutions  gained  friends  and  influence  by  their  work, 
and  their  exhibits  formed  an  exceedingly  attractive  feature 
of  the  educational  display  of  the  State. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

George  E.  Gay. 


120  REPORT    OF   BOARD    OF 


MINES   AND    MINING. 

"WTien  it  became  necessary  to  consider  the  question 
of  an  exhibit  from  the  Commonwealth  in  the  Depart- 
ment of  Mines  and  Mining,  the  Massachusetts  Board 
of  World's  Fair  Managers  placed  itself  in  correspond- 
ence with  Prof.  N".  S.  Shaler,  of  the  Lawrence 
Scientific  School  of  Harvard  University,  with  the  view 
of  securing  from  him  suggestions  as  to  the  best  way 
in   which   this   work   could   be    done. 

These  conferences  resulted  in  the  nomination,  by 
Professor  Shaler,  of  Mr.  George  E.  Ladd,  an  instructor 
in  the  department  of  geology  of  Harvard  University, 
as  an  agent  of  the  Board  to  take  charge  of  the 
exhibit.  Mr.  Ladd  was  accordingly  appointed  to  this 
position   in   August,   1892. 

Mr.  Ladd's  report,  which  follows,  tells  of  the  work 
done  by  him,  and  of  the  results  accomplished.  The 
collection  made  by  the  Board  under  Mr.  Ladd's 
superintendence  reflected  credit  upon  the  State,  re- 
sulting in  bringing  together  the  largest  display  of  the 
mineralogy,  petrography  and  building  stones  of  the 
State  which  has  ever  been  made.  The  best  testimony 
to  the  completeness  of  this  exhibit  is  to  be  found  in 
the  Avords  of  commendation  which  have  appeared  in 
a  number  of  technical  magazines,  one  of  which,  the 
"Journal  of  Geology,"  a  periodical  of  recognized  high 


WORLD'S   FAIR    MAI^AGERS.  121 

scientific  authority,  in  speaking  of  the  exhibits  of  the 
New  England  States,  but  more  especially  of  Massa- 
chusetts,   says :  — 

The  exhibits  of  the  New  England  States  are  naturally 
representative  of  less  economic  value  than  those  of  some  of 
the  other  States,  because,  with  the  exception  of  building  and 
ornamental  stones,  most  of  their  mining  products  are  of 
subordinate  importance  ;  but,  at  the  same  time,  they  display 
what  they  have  in  a  systematic  and  consistent  manner.  The 
Massachusetts  exhibit  is  thoroughly  characteristic  and  well 
arranged,  showing  not  only  the  economic  products,  but  also 
many  rocks  and  minerals  of  purely  scientific  interest. 

The  official  statement  of  the  Massachusetts  Board 
of  World's  Fair  Managers  shows  the  amount  of  money 
which  was  expended  on  this  exhibit.  The  Board  feels 
sure  that  it  was  wise  for  Massachusetts  to  thus  show 
herself  in  this  building  side  by  side  with  the  other 
States    of  the   Union. 

It  will  be  noticed  in  Mr.  Ladd's  report  that,  through 
carelessness  on  the  part  of  the  Exposition  authorities, 
one  of  the  cases  containing  a  part  of  the  exhibit  was 
lost.  The  Massachusetts  Board  of  World's  Fair  Man- 
agers, however,  is  glad  to  be  able  to  state  that, 
although  it  was  quite  impossible  to  place  an  exact 
value  on  the  contents  of  this  case,  it  has  adjusted 
the  loss  with  the  Exposition  authorities  at  the  sum 
of  $150. 

In  referring   to   the   report    of    Mr.  Ladd,  herewith, 


122  REPORT    OP   BOARD    OF 

the  Board  desires  thus  publicly  to  thank  him  for  the 
interest  and  energy  which  he  gave  to  this  work,  with- 
out  which,  or  without  the  care  in  the  many  details 
incident  to  the  collecting  and  installing  of  this  exhibit, 
its  value  would  have  been  very  much  lessened.  It 
was  certainly  to  the  citizens  of  the  Commonwealth  a 
dignified  exhibit  of  the  State's  resources,  and  to  the 
geologist  and  scientist  it  was  a  display  which  called 
forth   praise    and   awakened   interest. 

Massachusetts  Board  of  World? s  Fail'  Managers:  — 

Deak  Sirs  :  —  I  herewith  submit  the  following  report  con- 
cerning the  Massachusetts  exhibit  in  the  Mines  and  Mining 
BuUding  at  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition  in  Chicago :  — 
About  the  middle  of  August,  1892, 1  was  appointed  by  you 
as  agent  to  collect  and  arrange  a  representative  set  of  the 
minerals  of  our  State  for  exhibition  at  the  World's  Colum- 
bian Exposition.  A  shoi-t  time  afterwards  the  scope  of 
my  work  was  enlarged  and  a  general  large  plan  formu- 
lated to  make  our  exhibit  cover,  in  addition  to  the  min- 
erals, the  buUding  stones,  fossils,  and  our  most  typical  and 
geologically  interesting  rocks.  This  gave  four  groups  of 
specimens  to  be  collected,  viz.,  building  stones,  minerals, 
rocks   and   fossils. 

The  task  of  collecting,  arranging,  shipping  and  setting  up 
the  exhibit  in  Chicago  was  almost  entirely  my  personal  work, 
although  I  was  assisted  most  generously  by  the  local  col- 
lectors in  the  State.  Many  of  these  gave  considerable  time 
and  labor  in  visiting  localities  with  me  and  quarrying  speci- 
mens. Moreover,  the  call  for  specimens,  either  as  gifts  or 
as  loans  to  the  exhibit,  which  was  made  to  the  collectors  of 
the  State  met  with  a  most  generous  response.     The  greatest 


WOKLD'S   PAIR   MANAGEES.  123 

difficulty  was  encountered  in  getting  together  the  collection 
of  building  stones,  and  this  only  attained  its  measure  of 
completeness  through  most  persistent  efforts  and  a  large 
amount  of  time  spent  in  personally  quarrying  specimens  and 
in  getting  them  dressed. 

A  large  number  of  the  polished  specimens  for  the  petro- 
graphical  collection  were  rubbed  down  and  polished  by  the 
firm  of  Badger  Brothers  of  West  Quincy,  without  any  charge. 
It  is  not  possible,  however,  in  the  limits  of  this  report,  to 
mention  individually  all  of  those  who  so  kindly  gave  assist- 
ance in  one  way  or  another. 

I  regret  to  have  to  record  the  loss  of  a  part  of  our  collec- 
tion at  Chicago.  This  unfortunate  occurrence  was  due  prob- 
ably to  some  official  of  the  Mines  and  Mining  Department, 
as  the  Transportation  Department  had  a  receipt  from  the 
former  for  the  full  number  of  cases  that  where  shipped,  but 
the  Mines  and  Mining  Department  was  unable  to  turn  over 
to  me  seven  of  these  cases  and  could  in  no  way  account  for 
their  absence.  A  large  amount  of  time  was  given  in  search- 
ing for  these  boxes,  without  avail. 


THE  BUILDING  STONE  COLLECTION. 

The  building  stone  collection  proved  to  be  the  most  difficult 
to  make,  but  was  perhaps  the  most  complete  and  valuable 
of  any  one  of  the  four  groups.  In  determining  the  size 
and  shape  of  specimens  for  this  collection  it  was  necessary 
to  take  into  consideration  such  dimensions  as  would  clearly 
show  the  material  and  yet  would  not  be  so  large  as  to  make 
the  specimens  too  heavy  for  exhibition  purposes  in  cabinets. 
In  regard  to  the  shape,  it  was  to  some  extent  necessary  to 
consider  the  nature  of  the  rock  to  be  shown  and  the  particular 
qualities  to  be  made  prominent.  With  these  points  in  view, 
it  seemed  best  to  select  for  the  exhibit,  in  general,  a  cube 


124  EEPORT   OF   BOARD   OF 

modelled  after  the  collections  at  the  Smithsonian  Institution, 
having  edges  four  inches  in  length,  the  front  of  the  cube 
polished  (where  possible),  the  back  rough  dressed,  and  the 
other  sides  dressed  in  various  ways  so  as  to  best  show  the 
qualities  of  the  stone,  all  of  the  faces  having  four-inch  mar- 
gins of  drove-work,  with  the  exception  of  the  front  one.  In 
addition  to  these  cubes,  a  number  of  our  quarrymen  were 
allowed  to  furnish  certain  specimens  of  odd  shapes  and  sizes, 
within  certain  limits,  for  special  purposes. 

This  part  of  our  exhibit  as  set  up  in  Chicago  contained  about 
one  hundred  and  twenty  dressed  four-inch  cubes,  six  slabs,  six 
by  twelve  inches  square,  showing  "sapfaced"  rock;  one  slab 
of  granite  about  a  foot  square  and  an  eighth  of  an  inch  in  thick- 
ness, so  cut  as  to  show  the  extreme  toughness  of  the  granite  ; 
and  one  life-size  carved  negro's  head,  in  sandstone,  to  show 
the  unifonnity  in  color  and  texture,  and  the  susceptibility  to 
carving  of  this  sandstone. 

The  number  of  cubes  in  our  exhibit  comprised  more  than  one- 
fourth  of  the  whole  number  of  such  cubes  furnished  by  all  the 
States. 

The  rocks  which  were  represented  by  the  collection  consisted 
of  granites,  syenites,  gneisses,  porphyj-y,  diabase,  diorite,  sand- 
stone, verde-antique,  marble,  scapolite  and  serpentine.  The 
granites  and  gneisses  represented  the  great  building  stone  in- 
dustry of  the  State,  and  were  present  in  the  largest  numbers, 
and  perhaps  the  greatest  variety,  showing  a  wide  range  of  color 
and  texture.  The  serpentine  and  verde-antique  collection  was 
said  to  be,  by  experts,  the  best  and  most  varied  ever  gotten 
together  in  this  country.  The  scapolite  was  exhibited  in  a  pol- 
ished and  dressed  specimen  for  the  first  time. 

The  most  important  localities  represented  in  this  collection 
by  the  granites,  gneisses,  etc.,  were  Quincy,  Cape  Ann, 
Lowell,  Graniteville,  Chelmsford,  Fitchburg,  Monson,  Fall 
River,  Leominster,  Milford  and  Chester.     The  granites  from 


WORLD'S   FAIR   MANAGERS.  125 

Milford  are  coarse-grained,  pink  in  color,  and  warm  and 
beautiful  looking.  Specimens  from  the  Quincy  Granite 
Association  vary  somewhat  in  texture  and  color,  one  sample 
from  Braintree  having  a  distinct  reddish  tint ;  the  others  vary 
from  grayish  to  greenish.  The  Cape  Ann  specimens  from 
Rockport,  Bay  View,  Pigeon  Cove,  Lanesville  and  Gloucester 
vary  from  gray  to  deep  greenish  and  bluish  tints.  The  Fall 
River  granites  are  of  a  light  pink,  resembling  somewhat  the 
Milford  specimens. 

The  gneisses  vary  in  color  and  structure,  especially  in  the 
amount  of  banding  visible.  The  range  of  color  is  from  a 
light  to  a  dark  gray.  They  come  from  the  districts  about 
Lowell,  and  westward  and  southward  to  Chester. 

The  marbles  were  mostly  from  Lee,  North  Adams,  West 
Stockbridge  and  Van  Deusenville.  A  very  beautiful  piece 
of  statuary  marble  came  from  Stoneham.  The  marbles  vary 
in  texture  and  color  from  pure  white  to  dark  bluish  shades. 
The  handsomest  specimens  came  from  Lee,  North  Adams  and 
Stoneham. 

The  verde-antique  and  serpentine  came  from  Chester,  Lynn- 
field,  and,  mostly,  from  Newbury.  The  specimens  of  verde- 
antique  from  Newbury  show  a  great  variety  of  combinations, 
in  white,  yellow,  green  and  gray.  The  serpentine  from  Chester 
is  of  a  dark  green  color,  and  took  a  high,  lustrous  polish  ; 
that  from  Lynnfield  is  a  much  lighter  green  color. 

The  sandstone  came  from  the  Norcross  quarries  at  Long- 
meadow,  and  is  a  very  uniform  textured,  compact  standstone, 
of  four  different  shades,  from  reddish  brown  to  chocolate. 

The  other  specimens  are  mostly  from  scattered  localities 
where  the  stone  industry  has  been  but  little  or  not  at  all  de- 
veloped. The  greater  part  of  these  specimens  were  obtained 
by  visiting  the  localities,  blasting  out  the  rock,  and  having 
it  dressed  according  to  the  same  specifications  which  had  been 
furnished  the  quarrymen  of  the  State. 


126  REPORT    OP    BOARD    OP 

THE  MINERAL  COLLECTION. 

The  mineral  collection,  in  the  number  of  specimens,  largely 
exceeded  the  other  groups,  containing  in  all  about  six  hun- 
dred and  fifty  specimens,  representing  about  one  hundred 
and  forty  species.  There  were  specimens  from  the  following 
mineralogical  groups :  The  native  elements,  sulphides,  oxides, 
silicates,  tantalates,  columbates,  phosphates,  sulphates,  carbon- 
ates and  hydrocarbons.  By  far  the  greater  part  of  these, 
however,  belonged  to  the  group  of  silicates. 

The  attempt  was  made  to  obtain  a  systematic  and  complete 
set,  as  far  as  possible,  of  the  minerals  occurring  in  the  State. 
This  idea  was  carried  out  rather  than  the  one  of  getting  to- 
gether minerals  selected  especially  for  display,  or  to  give  a 
false  impression  of  our  mining  resources.  I  think  ours  was 
the  only  State  exhibit  which  carried  out  this  idea. 

The  minerals  came  practically  from  all  parts  of  the  State, 
though  probably  the  Berkshire  Hills  proved  the  most  prolific 
sources  of  supply.  The  localities  which  perhaps  furnished  the 
most  important  collections  were  the  regions  immediately  about 
Chester,  Chesterfield,  Tyringham,  Bolton,  Fitchburg  (includ- 
ing Lunenburg,  Lancaster  and  Sterling),  and  Lockport. 
Many  of  the  minerals  of  Chester,  Bolton  and  Rockport  are 
very  large,  and  some  of  those  from  Chester  and  Bolton  un- 
usually beautiful. 

In  the  search  for  minerals,  one  species,  new  not  only  to 
Massachusetts  but  to  this  part  of  the  country,  was  found  at 
Eockport,  in  a  pegmatite  segregation  in  the  granite  in  the 
main  quarry  of  the  Rockport  Granite  Company.  At  the 
suggestion  of  Dr.  Huntington,  instructor  in  mineralogy  at 
Harvard  College,  an  analysis  of  this  mineral  was  made  by 
Mr.  T.  H.  Currie,  his  assistant,  and  it  proved  to  be  fayalite, 
a  feiTous  ortho-silicate.  Fayalite  rarely  occurs  massive,  but 
commonly   in   minute   ortho-rhombic   crystals.      It   occurs   in 


WOELD'S   FAIR   MANAGERS.  127 

Ireland  in  pegmatite,  and  as  nodules  in  the  volcanic  rocks 
at  Fayal,  Azores,  and  in  lythopliyses  in  rhyolite  at  Obsidian 
Cliffs  in  Yellowstone  Park,  and  also  in  a  massive  form  at 
Cheyenne  Mountain,  Colorado.  The  specimen  as  found 
weighed  about  forty  pounds,  and  was  a  distinctly  crystalline 
mass.  It  occurred  with  magnetite  and  one  or  two  other 
minerals  which  have  not  yet  been  deternained.  It  was  most 
unfortunate  that  the  finest  part  of  this  specimen  was  among 
the  boxes  lost  by  the  "World's  Fair  officials. 

THE   PETROGRAPHICAL  COLLECTION. 

No  attempt  was  made  to  gather  anything  like  a  complete 
petrographical  collection.  Such  a  task  was  alike  too  great 
for  the  time  and  means  at  my  command.  As  has  been  said 
above,  the  only  petrographical  specimens  collected  were  such 
as  would,  in  the  first  place,  show  in  a  general  way  the  varie- 
ties of  rocks  occurring  in  the  State ;  and,  secondly,  those 
particular  kinds  which  are  interesting  on  account  of  their 
classic  character  in  geographical  literature.  About  one-half 
of  this  collection,  however,  consisted  of  specimens  of  irregular 
outline  and  of  various  sizes,  with  one  face  smoothed  and 
polished,  in  order  to  show  to  the  greatest  advantage  the  color 
and  structure  of  the  rock.  This  collection  was  probably  the 
most  beautiful  and  striking  part  of  the  exhibit.  The  ser- 
pentines, felsites,  breccias  and  granites,  in  general,  were  the 
handsomest  varieties  in  this  collection. 

THE   COLLECTION   OF  FOSSILS. 

Few  fossils  are  found  in  the  State.  There  are  certain 
localities,  however,  which  have  become  classic  for  such  as 
occur  there,  and,  representing  these,  specimens  were  obtained 
as   loans   from    the    palseontological    laboratory    of    Harvard 


128  REPORT    OF   BOARD    OF 

College.  It  was  possible  to  make  a  very  fine  exhibit  of  the 
fossil  foot-prints  which  occur  in  triassic  sandstone  at  several 
points  in  the  Connecticut  Valley,  through  the  kindness  of 
Mr.  T.  M.  Stoughton  of    Gill,  Mass. 

The  exhibit  as  set  up  in  Chicago  was  divided  into  two 
parts,  the  building  stone  collection  being  located  in  the  east 
gallery  with  the  general  collection  of  building  stones.  The 
minerals  were  in  the  west  gallery  and  occupied  there  six 
double  upright  cabinets,  and  a  semi-pyramidal-shaped  set  of 
shelves  placed  against  the  wall  betvveen  two  rows  of  cabi- 
nets. The  minerals  and  rocks  were  grouped  synoptically  as 
far  as  the  nature  of  the  cabinets  would  allow.  The  exhibit 
would  have  perhaps  been  more  effective  had  all  been  ex- 
hibited in  the  same  place,  but  the  advantage  to  be  gained 
by  separation  was  through  the  opportunity  for  a  comparison 
of  our  building  stones  with  those  from  other  States  that 
were  exhibited  in  the  immediate  vicinity. 

In  closing  this  report  it  is  both  justice  and  my  pleasure 
to  acknowledge  here  my  personal  indebtedness  to  you  for 
your  constant  courtesies  and  intelligent  aid  throughout  the 
progress  of  my  work. 

Very   respectfully  yours, 

(Signed)     George  E.  Ladd. 


WORLD'S   FAIR   MANAGERS.  129 


ST/!TE  BOARD   OF  HEALTH. 

It  is  with  very  great  pleasure  that  the  Board  of 
World's  Fair  Managers  call  the  attention  of  the  read- 
ers of  this  report  to  that  of  Prof.  William  T.  Sedgwick 
of  the  Institute  of  Technology,  under  whose  charge  was 
placed  the  valuable  exhibit  made  by  the  Massachusetts 
State  Board  of  Health. 

Professor  Sedgwick's  report  gives  in  detail  the  nature 
of  the  work  done  by  him.  It  may  not,  however,  be 
generally  known  that  no  State  in  the  Union  has  through 
its  Board  of  Health  accomplished  work  either  of  the 
same  nature  or  of  the  same  degree  of  usefulness  and 
benefit  as  has  that  of  this  Commonwealth. 

The  exhibit  was  of  very  great  credit  not  only  to 
the  State  Board  of  Health  but  also  to  the  State,  in 
that  it  served  at  once  to  place  her  in  the  very  front 
rank  in  the  scientific  subjects  to  which  it  had  special 
reference;  it  has  received  well-merited  praise  from 
many  scientific  journals ;  it  was  a  subject  of  study  by 
the  scientists  and  sanitary  engineers  who  assembled  in 
Chicago  to  attend  the  conference  having  to  do  with 
these  special  topics;  and,  as  Professor  Sedgwick  in  his 
report  says,  the  Massachusetts  exhibit  obtained  "the 
highest  award  given,  both  for  general  excellence  and 
for  special  sanitary  investigations." 


130  KEPOET   OF  BOAED   OF 

The  "  Journal  of  the  American  Medical  Association," 
in  an  article  of  some  length  devoted  especially  to  the 
Massachusetts  sanitary   exhibit,  says  :  — 

The  exhibit  of  the  State  Board  of  Health  of  Massachu- 
setts in  the  Bureau  of  Hygieue  and  Sanitation  in  the  An- 
thropological Building  at  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition 
is  one  that  should  be  examined  by  all  interested  in  sanitary 
work.  It  shows  the  various  lines  of  work  done  by  the 
Board  as  well  as  the  results  of  such  investigations. 

In  concluding  his  very  interesting  account  of  the  ex- 
hibit of  the  Commonwealth,  the  writer  says  :  — 

Massachusetts  has  been  more  liberal  in  its  appropriations 
to  the  State  Board  of  Health  than  any  other  State  in  the 
Union,  and  as  a  result  the  work  accomplished  in  many  re- 
spects is  better  than  any  done  anywhere  else  in  the  civilized 
world.  The  exhibit  is  an  object  lesson  worthy  of  study  by 
other  States,  as,  owing  to  the  increased  density  of  popida- 
tion  and  increase  of  manufacturing  wastes,  our  water  sup- 
plies are  annually  becoming  more  polluted,  and  the  necessity 
for  such  work  more  and  more  imperative. 

The  "Boston  Medical  and  Surgical  Journal,"  in  an 
article  alluding  to  this  exhibit,  gives  likewise  to  the 
Commonwealth  great  praise  for  the  part  which  she  has 
played  in  the  scientific  investigations  which  the  exhibit 
calls  attention  to,  when  it  says:  "Among  the  interest- 
ing hygienic  exhibits  at  Chicago  that  of  the  Massa- 
chusetts State  Board  of  Health  is  particularly  valuable," 
and  "the  display  of  the  official  reports  and  blanks 
which  are  used  for  the  routine  work  of  the   Board   are 


world's  pair  managers.  131 

full  of  suggestions  for  physicians  from  small  towns 
where  local  sanitation  is  just  beginning,"  while  the 
"Engineering  News,"  in  its  article  entitled  "Sanitation 
and  Sanitary  Appliances  at  the  Columbian  Exposition," 
says  of  the  contribution  from  the  Commonwealth, 
' '  Massachusetts  had  a  very  complete  exhibit  showing 
models  of  its  Experimental  Station  and  its  various 
features,  samples  of  filtered  water  with  analyses  at- 
tached, views  of  sewage  purification  works  in  operation 
in  Massachusetts  and  a  large  map  showing  the  normal 
chlorine  of  the  waters  of  various  parts  of  the  State." 

These  extracts  surely  prove  this  exhibit  to  have  been 
one  of  which  the  State  may  well  be  proud,  for  it  not 
only  carried  to  the  minds  of  visitors  proof  of  the  excel- 
lent work  done  under  the  supervision  of  the  State 
Board  of  Health,  but  to  the  seeker  after  scientific 
knowledge  it  was  of  decided  benefit  and  must  prove  of 
very  great  value  to  any  other  State  desiring  to  improve 
the  health  and  sanitary  condition  of  its  citizens. 

The  Massachusetts  Board  of  World's  Fair  Managers. 

Dear  Sirs  :  —  It  was  originally  intended  that  the  exhibit 
of  the  Bureau  of  Hygiene  and  Sanitation,  including  the  ex- 
hibits of  State  Boards  of  Health,  should  occupy  a  portion  of 
the  space  devoted  to  the  Department  of  Liberal  Arts,  of 
which  it  formed  one  subdivision.  But  as  assignments  pro- 
ceeded it  became  evident  that  the  space  allotted  to  liberal 
arts  was  altogether  inadequate.  Accordingly,  at  the  last 
moment,  the  Exposition  authorities  decided  to  erect  an  en- 
tirely separate  building  (known  as  the  Anthropological  Build- 


132  EEPORT   OF   BOARD    OF 

ing),  as  a  kind  of  annex  to  that  devoted  to  the  liberal 
arts,  and  to  assign  to  it  not  only  the  entire  exhibit  of  an- 
thropology and  of  charities  and  correction,  but  also  that  of 
the  Bureau  of  Hygiene  and  Sanitation. 

The  State  Board  of  Health  of  Massachusetts  had  very 
early  been  urged  to  make  an  exhibit,  and  the  Massachusetts 
Commissioners  signified  their  readiness  to  co-operate.  The 
Board  itself,  recognizing  the  opportunity  and  the  duty  of 
making  more  generally  known  its  woi'k,  and  especially  the 
results  of  its  long-continued  investigations  upon  water  sup- 
ply and  sewerage,  its  system  of  sanitary  advice  to  cities 
and  towns,  and  its  regular  inspection  of  food  and  drugs, 
signified  its  approval  and  designated  as  its  special  repre- 
sentative in  the  matter  Prof.  W.  T.  Sedgwick,  biologist  of 
the  Board. 

Inasmuch  as  a  new  building  had  to  be  erected  at  the  last 
moment,  as  has  \>een  said  above,  there  were  great  delays. 
The  space  originally  applied  for  by  the  Board  was  1,200 
square  feet.  It  appeared  in  the  end  that  this  amount  of 
room  might  easily  have  been  used  to  advantage )  but  the 
amount  finally  granted  was  only  500  square  feet.  After- 
wards, when  it  became  evident  to  the  authorities  themselves 
that  this  amount  was  far  too  little,  an  additional  grant  of 
120  square  feet  was  secured  by  the  Board,  to  be  used  as 
an   "  annex." 

The  exhibit  already  designed  and  prepared  in  Boston  and 
Lawrence  under  the  personal  direction  of  Professor  Sedgwick 
was  finally  installed  in  a  plain  but  dignified  court  with  an 
adjoining  annex  on  the  floor  of  the  Anthropological  Build- 
ing early  in  June,  being  not  only  the  first  of  the  State 
exhibits  in  the  Bureau  of  Hygiene  and  Sanitation  to  be 
made  ready,  but  also  tlie  first  in  respect  to  space  occu- 
pied and  in  respect  to  the  range  of  materials  and  results 
exhibited. 


WOELD'S   FAIR   MANAGERS.  133 

Over  the  main  pavilion  rested  the  coat-of-arms  of  the 
Commonwealth,  accompanied  by  the  legend  "Massachusetts 
State  Board  of  Health,"  while  on  the  rear  wall  was  hung 
a  large  map  of  the  State  bearing  in  red  the  isocJilors,  or 
lines  joining  points  of  equal  normal  chlorine,  of  which  the 
establishment  constituted  an  original  and  important  feature 
of  the  sanitary  investigations  of  the  Board  in  1887,  1888 
and  1889  ;  and  because  this  work  is  still  unique  as  well  as 
of  fundamental  importance  in  water  analysis,  it  attracted 
marked  attention.  The  construction  of  the  map  itself  de- 
serves a  word  in  passing.  It  was  large,  viz.,  about  six- 
teen feet  long  by  ten  feet  wide,  and  was  made  by  mounting, 
side  by  side,  in  their  proper  places,  the  separate  sheets  of 
the  excellent  map  of  Massachusetts  published  by  the  Topo- 
graphical Survey  Commission.  The  result  was  a  map  of 
unusual  beauty  of  workmanship  and  great  precision  — 
something  in  itself  worthy  to  be  exhibited  by  the  Com- 
monwealth. 

The  main  pavilion  contained  also  the  principal  and  most 
notable  feature  of  the  exhibit,  viz.,  a  display  of  the 
methods  and  results  of  those  investigations  upon  water 
supply  and  sewerage  which  have  not  only  formed  a  sound 
basis  for  the  sanitary  advice  given  by  the  Board  to  many 
cities  and  towns  of  the  Commonwealth,  but  have  also  per- 
ceptibly influenced  the  theory  and  practice  of  sanitation  in 
these  matters  all  over  the  United  States.  In  particular, 
the  work  of  the  Lawrence  Experiment  Station  was  made 
clear,  for  the  reason  that  this  is  tlie  first  station  of  the 
kind  in  America,  if  not  in  the  world.  A  model  of  the 
station,  some  eight  feet  long,  was  shown,  as  were  also 
numerous  drawings ^  photographs  and  actual  sections  of  sand 
filters ;  one  indoor  filter,  complete ;  samples  of  crude  sew- 
age, purified  sewage,  sands,  river  waters,  filtered  waters, 
apparatus,   both  chemical   and   biological,   etc.     Typical    sur- 


134  EEPORT    OF   BOAED    OF 

face  waters,  ground  waters,  waters  from  reservoirs,  taps, 
wells,  and  the  like,  with  analyses  attached,  served  to  illus- 
trate in  an  instructive  and  comparative  way  the  character- 
istics of  the  public  water  supplies  of  Massachusetts.  Some 
of  the  more  obvious  practical  results  of  the  scientific  in- 
vestigations of  the  Board  were  shown  in  the  annex  pavilion 
by  means  of  the  statistics  of  advice  to  cities  and  towns, 
illustrating  the  services  already  rendered  by  the  Board  to 
the  citizens  of  the  Commonwealth ;  and  also  by  the  bromide 
enlargements  of  photographs  of  sewage  fields  actually  in 
operation  at  Framingham  and  Marlborough ;  drawings  of  the 
new  municipal  sand  filter  for  the  city  of  Lawrence  (since 
successfully  placed  in  operation)  ;  and  drawings  and  plans 
of  the  Metropolitan  sewerage  systems. 

Besides  these  things,  the  Department  of  Food  and  Drug 
Inspection  made  a  showing  of  its  methods  and  results,  pre- 
pared by  Dr.  Worcester,  the  analyst,  and  Dr.  Abbott,  the 
secretary  of   the  Board. 

Instructive  models  of  trichina  (the  pork-worm)  and  charts 
bearing  upon  trichinosis  in  Massachusetts  were  also  on 
view,  having  been  prepared  under  the  dii'ection  of  Prof.  E. 
L.   Marl?:  of  Harvard  University. 

The  general  work  of  the  Board  was  exemplified  by  maps 
and  charts  illustrating  the  geographical  and  seasonal  dis- 
tribution of  the  various  diseases,  together  with  many  phe- 
nomena of  vital  statistics,  prepared  by  Dr.  Abbott,  the 
secretar}^  of  the  Board.  Investigations  of  epidemics  were 
illustrated  by  maps  and  diagrams  of  a  high  order  of  me- 
chanical excellence ;  and  important  laws  of  change  in  the 
quality  of  natural  waters,  worked  out  by  the  experts  of 
the  Board,  were  described  in  simple  and  convenient  terms. 
An  attendant  was  constantly  on  hand  as  a  guide  to  visit- 
ors ;  and  a  printed  description  of  the  entire  exhibit  facili- 
tated its   study. 


WOELD'S   FAIR   MANAGERS.  135 

Without  disparagement  of  the  exhibits  of  other  States,  it 
may  fairly  be  said  that  the  exhibit  of  the  Massachusetts 
State  Board  of  Health,  taken  as  a  whole,  was  the  most 
extensive  and  the  most  important  display  of  sanitary  science 
made  at  Chicago.  It  is  therefore  gratifying  to  record,  in 
conclusion,  the  fact  that  this  exhibit  won  the  highest  award 
given,  both  for  general  excellence  and  for  special  sanitary 
investigations. 

Respectfully  yours, 

(Signed)     W.   T.    Sedgwick. 


136  EEPOET    OF   BOARD    OF 


CHARITIES  AND  CORRECTIONS. 

Following  the  same  course  which  was  taken  in  most 
of  the  departments  under  the  supervision  of  the  Board, 
its  members  invited  a  number  of  men  and  women  in- 
terested in  the  subject  of  charities  and  correction  to 
meet  at  their  office  in  the  Sears  Building  for  the  pur- 
pose of  forming  an  organization  by  means  of  which 
the  best  possible  exhibit  could  be  made  in  Chicago  of 
this  all-important  department  of  public  and  private 
work. 

This  meeting  resulted  in  the  appointment  by  the 
Board  of  the  following  committee  to  co-operate  with  it 
in  its  endeavors  to  make  the  representation  of  the 
Commonwealth  creditable  and  of  benefit  to  the  State : 
Dr.  Eichard  L.  Hodgdon,  Mr.  C.  W.  Birtwell,  Dr.  W. 
M.  Bullard,  Mr.  James  H.  Lewis,  Hon.  Kobert  Treat 
Paine,  Mr.  Thomas  F.  Ring,  Miss  Zilpha  D.  Smith, 
Mr.  William  W.  Wilde  and  Mr.  Stephen  C.  Wright- 
ington. 

On  Feb.  1,  1892,  after  the  death  of  their  chairman. 
Dr.  Hodgdon,  Mr.  George  W.  Johnson  and  Col.  Henry 
Stone  were  added  to  the  committee. 

On  June  17,  1892,  Mr.  Joseph  Lee  was  chosen  sec- 
retary of  the  committee  and  placed  in  charge  of  the 
work  assigned  to  them. 


WOELD'S    FAIR   MANAGERS.  137 

In  calling  attention  to  Mr.  Lee's  report,  which  is 
hereto  annexed,  the  Board  takes  great  satisfaction  in 
being  able  to  say  that  there  was  no  exhibit  in  this  de- 
partment which  awakened  a  greater  interest,  was  more 
favorably  commented  upon,  or  was  the  subject  of 
greater  study  than  was  that  brought  together  through 
the  energies  of  this  committee,  and  the  Board  feels 
that  great  praise  is  due  to  the  secretary,  Mr.  Joseph 
Lee,  for  the  enthusiasm  and  interest  which  he  brought 
to  his  work. 

Massachusetts  Board  of  WorWs  Fair  Managers,  Boston. 

Dear  Sirs  :  —  At  your  request  I  beg  to  hand  you  herewith 
my  report  as  secretary  of  the  sub-committee  appointed  by  you 
to  have  charge  of  the  exhibit  made  by  the  Commonwealth  in 
the  Department  of  Charities  and .  Correction  at  the  World's 
Columbian  Exposition. 

Massachusetts  sent  fifty  separate  exhibits  in  this  department, 
many  of  which  consisted  simply  of  a  book  of  reports.  On 
the  other  hand,  many  were  complete  and  elaborate. 

The  work  of  the  committee  was  of  two  sorts  :  first,  stimulat- 
ing the  various  societies  and  institutions  in  their  department, 
whether  public  or  private,  to  send  exhibits,  and  giving  them 
advice  in  the  matter ;  second,  the  preparation  of  a  general 
view  of  the  charities  and  correction  of  Massachusetts. 

The  first  work  to  be  done  was  to  get  as  complete  a  list  as 
possible  of  the  charitable  and  correctional  societies  of  the 
State.  This  could  be  partially  obtained  from  the  report  of  the 
State  Treasurer  and  from  other  sources,  but  to  make  the  list 
complete  the  facts  had  to  be  gathered  by  the  committee  for 
itself.     For  this  purpose  letters  were  sent  to  the  secretaries  of 


it 
138  KEPORT    OF   BOARD    OF 

the  various  associated  cliarities  societies  of  the  State,  a  circular 
also  being  sent  to  the  overseers  of  the  poor  in  every  town  and 
city  in  the  State,  a  second  and  third  letter  and  circular  being 
sent  when  answers  were  not  obtained.  As  fast  as  the  names 
of  societies  came  in  there  was  forwarded  to  each  a  circular  giv- 
ing all  necessary  directions  and  suggestions  as  to  how  to  make 
an  exhibit.  With  this  circular  was  sent  the  official  circular 
issued  by  the  Charities  and  Correction  Bureau  at  Chicago,  and 
also  a  number  of  printed  questions,  the  answers  to  which  were 
needed  for  certain  statistics  to  be  used  in  the  general  central 
exhibit  which  the  committee  was  preparing.  For  this  latter 
purpose,  that  of  gathering  statistics,  it  was  afterwards  found 
that  postal  cards  with  a  paid  reply  were  considerably  more 
effective,  and  these  were  used  for  gathering  certain  of  the  sta- 
tistics in  regard  to  our  public  institutions  which  were  not  to  be 
found  in  any  of  the  published  reports. 

EXHIBITS  OF  SEPARATE  INSTITUTIONS. 

The  remainder  of  the  work  in  regard  to  separate  institutions, 
public  as  well  as  private,  consisted  in  letters  and  interviews 
urging  them  to  exhibit,  and,  in  almost  every  case,  in  sugges- 
tions as  to  what  the  exhibit  should  consist  of.  The  main  stress. 
was  laid  upon  obtaining  representative  exhibits,  supplemented 
by  as  large  a  number  as  possible  of  minor  and  less  complete 
exhibits.  Thus  very  complete  exhibits  were  obtained  of  the 
McLean  Hospital,  of  Mrs.  Shaw's  Day  Nurseries,  of  the  Bos- 
ton Overseers  of  the  Poor,  the  Children's  Aid  Society,  the 
Women's  Reformatory  Prison,  the  Lyman  School  for  Boys,  the 
St.  Vincent  de  Paul  Society,  and  of  many  other  representative 
institutions.  Perhaps  the  exhibit  of  the  Boston  City  Hospital 
stands  at  the  head  of  these  representative  exhibits.  It  should 
be  added  that  the  exhibit  made  by  Mrs.  Johnson,  the  superin- 
tendent of  the  Woman's  Reformatory  Prison,  was  perhaps  the 


WORLD'S   FAIR   MANAGERS.  139 

most  successful  exhibit  from  any  State  or  country  in  this  de- 
partment, in  combining  an  appeal  to  the  popular  attention  and 
understanding  with  the  setting  forth  of  the  essential  principle 
upon  which  the  institution  is  carried  on. 

THE  CENTRAL  EXHIBIT. 

The  main  work  of  the  committee  was  in  the  preparation  of 
the  central  exhibit,  showing  our  system  of  correction  and  of 
public  relief,  and  giving  a  bird's-eye  view  of  the  correctional 
work  of  the  State  and  of  the  charitable  work,  both  public  and 
private,  and  also  of  the  condition  of  the  classes  dealt  with. 

How  far  the  committee  was  successful  in  this  work  so  far  as 
effectiveness  of  presentation  and  the  importance  of  the  ques- 
tions dealt  with  is  concerned  can  be  judged  by  an  examination 
of  the  exhibit.     This  central  exhibit  contained  :  — 

Eight  maps  of  the  State,  showing  the  distribution  of  institu- 
tions, public  or  private,  of  savings  banks  and  savings,  of  co- 
operative banks,  of  crime,  pauperism,  the  tramps,  and  of 
associated  charities  societies,  and  showing  the  policy  of  the 
several  towns  in  giving  outdoor  relief. 

One  hundred  and  twelve  charts,  giving  such  other  facts  and 
statistics  as  seemed,  after  most  careful  consultation  with  ex- 
perts of  all  sorts,  to  be  the  most  interesting  and  important 
among  those  obtainable ;  a  very  complete  account,  supple- 
mented by  statistics,  of  the  entire  work  of  the  Department  of 
Outdoor  Poor  of  the  State  Board  of  Lunacy  and  Charity. 

If  special  subjects  are  to  be  mentioned,  it  may  be  said  that 
the  greatest  stress  was  laid  upon  the  question  of  outdoor  relief 
and  upon  the  question  of  the  boarding  out  of  the  children  in 
the  charge  of  the  State. 

In  selecting  and  presenting  these  subjects  no  attempt  was 
made  to  glorify  the  Commonwealth  of  Massachusetts.  It  was 
felt  that  the  State  could  very  well  afford  to  stand  on  its  own 


140  KEPOKT    OF   BOARD    OF 

merits,  and  that  the  statistics  could  be  given  their  full  value 
only  by  being  selected  and  compiled  wnth  a  sole  eye,  first,  to 
what  was  true,  and,  second,  to  what  was  interesting  and  im- 
portant. 

A  question  of  essential  importance  in  judging  the  value  of 
the  exhibit  is  as  to  the  accuracy  of  the  facts  presented,  and 
this  question  cannot  be  judged  without  a  knowledge  of  the 
sources  from  which  they  were  drawn  and  the  care  with  which 
those  sources  were  used.  The  facts  were  gathered  from  the 
various  reports  of  the  State  Board  of  Lunacy  and  Charity,  the 
Prison  Commission,  the  reports  of  the  larger  public  institutions, 
the  Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics,  the  reports  of  the  Savings  Bank 
Commissioners,  and  from  other  printed  sources,  and,  where 
necessary,  by  sending  the  postal  cards  above  mentioned.  The 
statistics  collected  by  the  latter  method  of  sending  postal  cards 
cannot  in  all  cases  be  considered  of  great  value.  In  regard  to 
the  public  statistics  so  obtained,  they  are  believed  to  be  accu- 
rate ;  but  in  regard  to  private  institutions  the  statistics  remained 
incomplete,  and  are  probably  not  wholly  correct.  It  is  thought 
that  the  remaining  statistics  are  as  correct  as  they  could  be 
made.  Experts  were  consulted  both  within  and  outside  the 
public  departments  and  institutions,  and  in  every  case  in  which 
the  statistics  seemed  likely  to  be  misleading  or  erroneous  the 
matter  was  carefully  investigated.  In  a  large  number  of  cases 
the  figures  in  the  reports  were  not  used,  as  not  being  sufficiently 
correct,  and  a  great  deal  of  labor  was  expended  in  getting  at 
the  facts  more  accurately. 

Another  point  which  will  not  appear  to  those  who  did  not 
attend  the  Exposition  is  the  care  that  was  taken  in  making  the 
exhibit  attractive.  Much  time  and  thought  was  spent  upon 
the  apparently  trivial  but  really  important  matter  of  the  selec- 
tion of  colors  for  backgrounds,  arrangement  of  signs,  etc. 

The  more  statistical  portion  of  the  State's  exhibit  in  this  de- 
partment, upon  which  much  time   and  great  care  were  spent, 


WORLD'S    FAIR    MANAGERS.  141 

received  great  commendation  from  experts  and  general  and 
high  praise  from  all  those  interested  in  the  subjects  to  which 
they  related.  Two  of  those  who  expressed  the  highest  admira- 
tion for  the  work  in.Massachusetts  in  this  department  were  Mr. 
Frederick  H.  Wines,  of  the  United  States  Bureau  of  Labor 
Statistics,  and  Mr.  Hart,  secretary  of  Minnesota  State  Board 
of  Charity,  who  has  done  so  much  in  producing  some  sort  of 
order  out  of  the  chaos  of  the  statistics  of  the  various  States 
upon  this  subject. 

Eespectfully  submitted, 

(Signed)     Joseph  Lee. 


142  EEPOET    OF   BOARD    OF 


MASSACHUSETTS     IN     OTHER     DEPARTMENTS    OF 
THE     EXPOSITION^ 

Consideration  has  already  been  given  to  exhibits 
which,  having  been  made  at  the  expense  of  the  Com- 
monwealth, may  justly  be  termed  "State  exhibits." 
The  contributions  made  by  private  citizens  of  Mas- 
sachusetts have  likewise,  surely,  a  place  in  a  report 
having  to  do  with  the  part  which  the  State  played 
in   the    "World's    Columbian   Exposition   of  1893. 

That  the  account  of  such  contributions  should  be 
worthy  of  the  enterprise  and  energy  which  reflected 
so  great  credit  upon  the  State,  the  Board  invited  cer- 
tain gentlemen,  familiar  with  the  subjects  to  be  treated, 
to  furnish  chapters  for  this  report. 

To  these  the  Board  invite  special  attention,  for 
throuo;h  them  the  citizens  of  the  Commonwealth  will 
be  able  to  form  an  adequate  idea  of  the  value  and 
extent  of  exhibits  from  the  State.  They  surely  bear 
testimony  to  the  high  rank  which  Massachusetts  took 
in  this  great  competition  between  the  States  of  the 
Union   and   foreign   governments. 

Quality  and  not  quantity  was  the  basis  of  the  work 
of  preparation  in  the  office  of  the  Board  of  Managers. 
The  Exposition  of  1893  was  not  a  case  which  made 
necessary  the  acceptance  of  any  undesirable  or  undig- 
nified exhibit  from  fear  that  space  would  be  unoccupied. 


WOELD'S   FAIR   MANAGEES.  143 

Rather  did  it  happen  that  the  best  and  worthiest  ex- 
hibitor was  compelled  to  accept  an  allotment  which  in 
many  cases  proved  all  too  small  within  which  to  in- 
stall his  contribution.  Far  better  was  it  for  the  citi- 
zen of  the  State  to  be  impressed  with  the  worth  and 
value  of  each  exhibit  than  that  he  should  carry  away 
with  him  an  impression  of  quantity  alone.  This  method 
the  Board  believe  resulted  in  exhibits  and  displays 
each  one  of  which  reflected  credit  upon  the  exhibitor, 
bearing  testimony  to  his  intelligence  and  to  his  perse- 
verance, while  massed  together  they  surely  served  to 
place  the  Commonwealth  well  in  the  front  rank  among 
her  sister  States. 


144  REPORT    OF   BOARD    OF 


MASSACHUSETTS    IN    THE    DEPARTMENT  OF   MACHINERY 
AT  THE  WORLD'S  COLUMBIAN  EXPOSITION. 

Bt  Mr.  Francis  E.  Galloupe. 

The  exhibit  of  Massachusetts  in  the  Department  of  Ma- 
chinery was  represented  by  the  application  for  space  from  one 
hundred  and  seventy-eight  firms  and  individuals.  The  appli- 
cations were  received  from  thirty-eight  cities  and  towns 
throughout  the  State,  those  from  Boston,  as  the  headquarters 
of  so  many  business  firms,  of  coui'se,  comprising  the  largest 
number  from  any  single  locality.  The  remaining  applications 
came  principally  from  the  leading  manufacturing  localities  near 
the  eastern  coast,  although  the  western  towns  of  the  State  were 
also  represented. 

Of  the  above  number  of  applications,  forty-six  were  not 
assigned  space  for  their  exhibits,  and  twenty-six  more,  al- 
though assigned  space,  did  not  exhibit.  The  number  of  firms 
and  individuals  therefore  actually  exhibiting  was  one  hundred 
and  six,  of  which  seventy-nine  took  awards. 

In  considering  the  showing  made  by  Massachusetts  firms  in 
this  department,  a  comprehensive  idea  can  perhaps  best  be 
obtained  by  dividing  the  mechanical  exhibit  into  twelve  gen- 
eral groups,  which,  arranged  alphabetically,  are  as  follows : 
(1)  Electric  welding ;  (2)  machine  tools  and  metal-working 
machinery ;  (3)  power-transmission  motors  and  mechanical 
apparatus ;  (4)  printing  presses ;  (5)  sewing  machines ;  (6) 
shoe  machinery;  (7)  steam  engines;  (8)  steam  fittings, 
pumps  and  apparatus ;  (9)  the  telephone ;  (10)  textile-fab- 
ric and  clothing-manufacturing  machinery;  (11)  valves,  and 
(12)  woodworking  machinery.  In  all  these  groups  the  prin- 
cipal industrial  establishments  of  the  State  were  well  repre- 
sented.     In   two   of   them,  viz.,  the   telephone   and   electric 


world's   pair   MA:tfAGERS.  145 

"welding,  the  exhibit  of  Massacliusetts  was  unique.  No  other 
State  was,  of  course,  able  to  show  anytliiug  in  competition  with 
either  the  telephone  —  that  institution  demonstrated  and  perma- 
nently established  as  a  necessity  of  modern  business  methods, 
of  well-nigh  universal  use,  and  of  so  great  public  benefit  — 
or  the  new  and  radical  invention  developed  and  growing  into 
general  use,  the  electric  welding  machine. 

Passing  over  fui'ther  mention  in  detail  of  the  telephone,  that 
wonderful  instrument  and  mechanical  device  which  in  the  Cen- 
tennial Exhibition  of  the  United  States  in  1876  was  first  shown 
to  the  world,  it  may  be  noted  that  the  electric  welding  process 
is  now  another  unique  invention  of  Massachusetts  thought, 
also  employing  the  great  agent  of  electricity,  and  although 
having  been  developed  in  the  form  of  a  practical  machine  for 
several  years,  yet  which  was  now  for  the  first  time  shown  to 
the  world  at  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition  of  1893.  The 
principle  of  the  electric  welding  machine  having  been  demon- 
strated, improvements  are  being  made  in  details,  especially  in 
the  designing  of  the  clamps  to  hold  various  forms  of  work  in 
the  most  convenient  manner  while  being  welded  by  the  use  of 
the  electric  current.  These  machines  and  appliances  formed 
a  vei'y  interesting  and  instructive  exhibit.  A  machine  for 
welding  large  pipes  was  shown,  requiring  an  electric  current 
of  80,000  watts,  or  equivalent  to  about  one  hundred  horse 
power.  This  machine  will  weld,  in  a  few  minutes'  time,  the 
ends  of  iron  pipes  six  inches  in  diameter.  The  application  of 
this  process  to  railroad  track  construction  was  shown  by  speci- 
mens of  chairs  welded  directly  to  the  rails,  and  by  a  three-way 
crossing  containing  six  different  welds  of  about  twelve  square 
inches  each  in  cross-section.  A  railroad  crossing  of  rolled 
steel  was  shown,  welded  together  so  as  to  form  one  solid  piece. 
Also  the  largest  electrical  weld  ever  made  was  shown,  having 
a  section  of  forty-eight  square  inches. 

Apart  from  these  remarkable   exhibits,  the  leading  groups 


146  REPORT    OF  BOARD    OF 

may  be  stated  as  those  of  shoe  machinery  and  machine  tools 
and  metal- working  machinery.  The  exhibit  of  shoe  machinery 
was  the  product  of  over  thirty  manufacturers.  Each  of  a  score 
of  processes  in  the  manufacture  of  boots  and  shoes  was  repre- 
sented by  machines  of  Massachusetts  firms.  These  included 
the  only  set  of  hide-working  machinery  shown.  A  duplex  hide 
worker  was  shown  that  will  simultaneously  flesh  and  unhair,  or 
do  either  separately,  as  efficiently  as  any  other  machine  wUI  do 
it  at  two  operations.  Hard  skins,  or  skins  in  the  batch,  can 
be  worked  without  taking  them  out  of  the  machine  and  rehand- 
ling.  An  improved  slating  machine  will  slate  1,500  to  2,000 
skins  per  day.  Machines  for  all  branches  of  leather  finishing, 
such  as  graining,  slating,  glazing  and  pebbling,  were  shown. 

For  leather  measuring  two  forms  of  machines  were  exhibited. 
The  skiving  of  the  edges  of  leather  was  done  by  a  machine 
shown.  Another  machine  for  folding  the  edges  of  shoe  vamps 
or  quarters  has  become  a  standard  among  shoe  manufacturers. 
It  turns  the  edges  of  leather  and  cloth  for  vamps  or  linings  of 
shoes  with  great  perfection,  producing  a  better  finished  and 
fitted  shoe  than  could  otherwise  be  made,  and  is  in  use  through- 
out the  country  as  well  as  abroad. 

In  the  next  process  the  sewing  machines  continue  the  manu- 
facture. A  closing  and  seaming  machine  is  fitted  with  a  safe 
elastic  stitch  made  with  two  threads,  for  the  purpose  of  pro- 
ducing strength  and  elasticity,  in  the  direction  of  the  length  of 
the  seam.  It  may  be  made  as  safe  when  formed  from  cotton 
threads  as  one  made  from  more  expensive  silk  or  other  threads, 
as  each  stitch  is  fastened  and  independent.  On  a  three-thread 
vamping  machine,  with  silk  or  cotton  thread,  an  operator  can 
do  250  pairs  per  day,  twenty  stitches  to  the  inch.  A  three-row 
machine  uses  three  needles  and  two  under  threads  and  makes 
the  safe  elastic  stitch  which  avoids  all  friction  at  the  crossing 
of  the  upper  and  under  threads,  and  prevents  them  from  loos- 
ening during  the  wear  of  the  shoe.     The  seam  is  pliable,  the 


WORLD'S   FAIR  MANAGERS.  14:7 

stitch  of  the  leather,  as  in  lasting,  not  causing  it  to  break,  and, 
owing  to  the  manner  in  which  the  upper  thread  is  drawn  below 
the  surface  of  the  leather,  all  danger  of  the  ripping  of  the 
vamps  by  friction  and  chafing  or  by  wearing  off  the  tops  of 
stitches  is  avoided.  Work  requiring  a  zigzag  stitch  or  over- 
edge  seaming  is  done  by  an  overseaming  machine  forming  a 
stitch  of  the  same  characteristic  and  which  can  be  run  at  a  high 
rate  of  speed,  for  ornamental  shoe  linings  and  on  all  kinds  of 
cloth  and  leather  materials.  The  thread  is  taken  directly  from 
spools,  without  necessitating  the  winding  on  bobbins. 

Machines  which  cut'  the  fabric,  work  and  finish  button-holes 
complete,  were  exhibited,  which,  with  the  improvements  made 
both  in  the  construction  of  the  machines  and  in  the  work  done, 
makes  the  exhibit  in  this  branch  of  shoe  machinery  noteworthy. 
On  one  of  these  machines  the  number  of  button-holes  completed 
by  a  single  operator  was  10,010  in  a  period  of  nine  hours  and 
fifty  minutes'  time.  A  button-sewing  machine  was  also  ex- 
hibited. Other  machines  space  and  punch  the  holes  and  put 
in  the  eyelets.  A  tubular  rivet-and-stud  power  machine  was 
shown  that  puts  hooks  and  studs  in  shoes  at  the  rate  of  ninety 
a  minute.  Another  machine  is  a  sole  moulder  that  shapes  the 
bottom.  A  sewing  machine,  with  lock  stitch,  sews  the  out- 
soles  and  is  used  for  welt  sewing  or  inseaming. 

Of  lasting  machines  several  were  exhibited.  One  of  these 
takes  the  stretch  out  of  the  leather  and  lasts  all  kinds,  sewed, 
nailed  or  pegged.  By  another  method  the  shoe  is  lasted  on  a 
jack,  the  upper  being  drawn  over  with  the  pinchers,  as  in  hand 
lasting.  On  bringing  the  shoe  upon  the  jack  in  contact  with 
the  machine  the  mechanism  is  automatically  started,  which 
drives  the  tacks.  The  jack  is  so  arranged  with  compound 
motions  that  each  portion  of  the  shoe  may  be  turned  so  that 
the  tack  can  be  driven  to  best  advantage. 

There  was  also  shown  an  entire  system  of  manufacturing 
shoes   by  machinery.     Machines   sew  the  welt,  using  both  a 


148  EEPOET   OF   BOARD    OF 

curved  awl  and  needle,  the  process  following  closely  the  hand 
method.  The  thread  passes  through  hot  wax  in  a  cylinder,  at 
the  rear.  The  outsole  is  laid  witli  cement,  trimmed  to  the  shoe, 
a  channel  being  cut  at  the  same  time.  The  outsole  is  then 
fastened  to  the  welt  by  a  rapid  stitcher,  as  in  hand-sewed 
shoes.  Upon  one  machine  a  horn  is  used  having  a  shape 
which  permits  it  to  enter  any  shoe,  and  the  sewing  is  done 
without  changing  the  shape  of  the  shoe  or  causing  it  to 
wrinkle.  The  thread  is  waxed  by  running  through  hot  wax, 
and  a  device  returns  the  surplus  to  the  reservoir  without 
waste  and  causing  the  sewing  to  be  perfect.  Other  improve- 
ments for  heating  the  wax  and  in  the  rotary  whirl  attach- 
ment prevent  breakage  of  parts  and  produce  perfect  work. 
The  machine  may  be  so  speeded  that  expert  operators  can 
sew  about  nine  hundred  pairs  per  day.  Old  and  new  and 
improved  rapid  metallic  screw  fasteners  and  wire  grip  machines 
were  shown  ;  also  channel  flap  laying  and  beating-out  machines. 
By  an  automatic  leveller  the  ball  of  the  shoe  can  be  made 
with  absolute  uniformity. 

Several  heel  nailing  and  triimning  machines  were  exhibited. 
A  slugging  machine  was  shown  which  drives  sixty-five  kinds 
of  slugs,  of  solid  steel  or  brass  wire  ;  an  automatic  clinch 
nailing  machine,  which  does  more  varied  kinds  of  work  than 
almost  any  other.  The  nails  are  driven  and  clinched  at  the 
rate  of  three  hundred  per  minute.  Another  machine  com- 
presses, attaches  and  trims  the  heel.  Edge  trimming,  edge 
setting  and  sand-papering  machines  were  shown.  Buffing, 
burnishing  and  bottom  polishing,  upper  cleaning  and  mono- 
gram machines  complete  the  work,  with  the  minimum  of 
handling. 

Twin  treeing  machines  for  holding  boots  without  causing 
wrinkling  in  the  shank,  with  a  full  set  of  treeing  tools  of 
wood,  glass  and  metal  sticks,  were  exhibited.  The  shoe 
machinery  showed  progress,  improvement  and  efficiency  both 


WORLD'S   FAIR   MANAGERS.  149 

in  construction,  speed  and  work,  and  the  exhibit  shows 
Massachusetts  to  be  still  in  the  lead  in  this  branch  of 
industry.  The  inventors  of  the  State  have  produced  most 
of  the  machinery  used  in  every  special  branch  of  the  manu- 
facture of  shoes,  and  set  the  example  to  those  in  other  parts 
of  the  country  where  the  manufacture  is  carried  on,  of  how 
to  best  attain  the  adaptation  of  machinery  to  the  varied  and 
often  intricate  and  difficult  processes  required  in  this  branch 
of  manufacture. 

Machine  tools  and  metal  working  machinery  form  the 
leading  exhibit  from  the  State  next  to  that  of  shoe  machin- 
ery, both  in  the  extent  and  variety  of  the  mechanical  in- 
dustries represented.  In  emery  wheels  was  exhibited  perhaps 
the  largest  and  most  complete  assortment  ever  shown.  Some 
fifty  thousand  wheels  were  in  exhibit,  varying  in  size  from 
one-eighth  inch  to  thirty-six  inches  in  diameter  and  from 
one-thirty-second  inch  to  six  inches  in  thickness.  They 
were  of  every  conceivable  shape  and  for  every  purpose. 
Machines  in  great  variety  were  shown  in  operation,  for  all 
purposes  of  grinding,  edge  and  surface  grinding,  shaping, 
exterior  and  interior  work  and  with  single  and  double  wheels. 
An  universal  cutter  and  tool  grinder  will  grind  cutters  of 
all  kinds,  mill  reamers,  twist  drills,  taps,  lathe  and  planer 
tools,  and,  indeed,  every  tool  used  in  the  machinery  business. 
With  each  machine  is  supplied  eighteen  wheels,  of  different 
shapes,  which  are  mounted  on  an  iron  collet,  which  is  drawn 
into  a  taper  protecting  spindle  that  prevents  all  chance  for 
emery  to  get  to  the  spindle  or  into  the  bearings,  and  causes 
the  wheel  to  run  perfectly  true,  although  the  wheels  are 
often  changed.  A  friction  countershaft  connects  with  the 
grinder,  arranged  with  five  changes  of  speed.  For  small 
internal  grinding  a  speed  of  20,000  revolutions  per  minute 
can  be  obtained.  Elastic  wheels  were  shown  in  regular  use, 
which  were  superior  for  saws,  and  would  cut  free,  without 
case  hardenino-. 


150  REPORT    OF   BOARD    OF 

In  twist  drills  a  fine  display  of  regular  drills,  reamers, 
etc.,  was  made.  Special  drills  were  made  with  a  copper 
tube  soldered  into  a  small  spiral  groove,  the  object  of  the 
tube  being  to  force  the  oil  through  to  the  point  of  the 
drill.  Some  very  large  three-grooved  reamers,  used  in  cored 
holes,  were  supplied  with  three  spiral  grooves,  instead  of  two 
as  in  twist  drUls,  in  the  middle  of  the  outside  flat  of  which 
was  milled  a  shallow  groove  which  divided  the  outside  bear- 
ing surface  into  six  parts,  without  circular  clearance  or 
backing  off.  These  tools  are  found  to  work  well  in  cored 
or  rough-drilled  holes.  Other  drills  have  a  hole  drilled 
crosswise  through  them,  from  one  groove  to  the  other,  where 
the  grooves  join  the  shank.  This  hole  is  connected  with  a 
hole  passing  lengthwise  through  the  center  of  the  shank. 
The  shank  of  this  drill  is  short  and  large,  and  is  threaded 
externally  to  fit  the  end  of  a  steel  tube  forming  the  shank 
proper.  The  oil  for  lubricafton  passes  through  the  tube  and 
the  chips  pass  through  the  holes  in  the  drill  and  out  through 
the  tube.  This  drill  is  used  for  deep-hole  drilling.  Milling 
cutters  are  also  shown,  made  in  two  parts,  which  interlock, 
and  are  packed  apart  by  washers  to  maintain  the  size. 

A  very  large  display  of  general  machine  tools  was  made, 
comprising  an  automatic  cam-cutting  machine  ;  four  universal 
milling  machines ;  two  automatic  gear  cutters ;  six  plain 
milling  machines  and  a  cutter  grinder;  a  15-inch  turret  lathe, 
with  automatic  chuck  ;  five  cutting-off  machines  for  2  and  6 
inch  stock;  an  universal  grinder;  eight  lathes  from  14  to  22 
inches  swing  ;  a  26-inch  planer ;  a  26-inch  lathe  ;  six  upright 
drill  presses  ;  five  lathes,  and  a  i-adical  drill  press.  One  of 
the  milling  machines  can  take  a  cut  of  cast  iron  one-six- 
teenth inch  deep  and  14  inches  wide  at  the  rate  of  14  inches 
per  minute.  A  special  vise  is  used  with  these  machines, 
which  can  be  instantly  adjusted  to  take  work  of  any  size 
from  one-fourth  inch  to  five  feet,  holding  the  work  close  to 


WORLD'S   PAIR   MANAGERS.  151 

the  platen.  A  new  feature  in  a  lathe  was  the  use  of  plain 
pullej'S  for  the  feed  belt  and  three  pairs  of  gears  inside  the 
head,  instead  of  the  usual  feed  cane,  for  driving  the  stud 
and  lead  screw.  The  driving  gear  can  be  moved  along  a 
shaft  upon  a  feather  so  as  to  drive  any  one  of  the  spur 
gears,  thus  quickly  changing  the  pitch  of  screws  to  be  cut 
without  changing  the  train  of  gearing. 

Peculiar  and  ingenious  machines  for  rolling  balls,  cylinders, 
screws  and  a  variety  of  irregular  shapes  from  the  hot  metal 
were  exhibited.  A  full  set  of  reciprocating  tools,  operated  by 
electricity,  for  drilling,  cutting,  molding  and  carving  all  kinds 
of  stone,  was  shown,  and  for  riveting  boilers  and  calking 
ships.     Also  tools   used  in  watch   making  were  exhibited. 

In  textile  machinery,  full  sets  of  machinery  were  exhibited 
in  operation,  special  notice  of  which  is  passed  over  in  this 
place. 

Power-transmission  apparatus  was  represented  by  rolls  of 
seamless-stitched,  frictioned-surface  rubber  and  leather  belting 
and  by  friction  cane  countershafting,  an  apparatus  by  which 
machines,  such  as  grinders,  electric  motors,  etc.,  may  be 
driven  direct  from  the  engine  shaft  or  other  motor  without 
the  use  of  the  ordinary  belts. 

Steam  engines  from  the  manufacturers  of  the  State  were 
also  shown. 

In  the  groups  of  steam  fittings  and  apparatus  may  be 
mentioned  steam  pumps ;  also  inspirators  and  ejectors  in 
operation  for  the  supplying  of  water  to  locomotive  and  sta- 
tionary boilers ;  also  metallic  packings.  A  beautifully  fin- 
ished assortment  of  nickel-plated  steam  and  water  fittings 
was  exhibited.  Cast-iron  fittings,  valves  and  an  extensive 
variety  of  expansion  joints  were  displayed ;  also  wrenches 
and  a  tapping  machine  for  tapping  street  mains  from  4  to 
24  inches  in  diameter  while  under  pressure.  Fire  hydrants 
and  feed- water  heaters,  condensers,  etc.,  were  also  shown. 


152  REPORT    OF   BOARD    OF 

Of  valves  there  were  a  great  variety  of  pop  and  other 
safety  valves,  for  all  kinds  of  boilers ;  noiseless  safety  valves 
for  locomotive  and  marine  boilers,  relief  valves  for  pumps 
and  stand-pipes,  and  pressure  and  vacuum  gauges.  Steam 
engine  indicators  were  exhibited ;  also  a  feed-water  regulator 
used  in  connection  with  a  pump  governor.  This  device 
maintains  automatically  the  desired  height  of  water  in  a 
steam  boiler.  The  difference  in  expansion  between  a  brass 
pipe  and  an  iron  rod  operates  to  either  start  or  stop  the 
steam  pump. 

A  large  number  of  valves,  gates  and  cocks,  in  brass  and 
nickel,  were  shown,  from  small  to  very  large  sizes,  and 
straightway  water  and  steam  valves.  Special  features  of 
these  were  renewable  bronze  seats,  the  outside  screw  and 
yoke,  the  by-pass  arrangement,  the  ribbing  of  the  body  of 
the  valve,  to  prevent  its  being  affected  by  the  expansion,  in 
pipe  lines,  and  a  self-packing  feature  on  the  spindle  by 
means  of  which  the  valve  may  be  packed  when  open,  with 
pressure  on.  Flanges  were  shown,  plain  and  tongued  and 
grooved,  and  either  bolted  to  valve  or  as  flange  unions. 
Valves  for  use  as  boiler  stop  valves  and  for  both  high  and 
low  pressure  were  shown  in  actual  use.  The  sizes  varied 
from  one-fourth  inch  to  48  inches,  the  largest  shown  being 
a  24-inch  valve.  Ammonia  valves  for  mechanical  refrigera- 
tion were  also  exhibited.  The  standard  flanges  are  now 
being  chased,  instead  of  tapped,  to  obtain  a  more  perfect 
thread.  For  plain  packing  they  have  a  raised  surface  inside 
the  bolt  holes  ;  other  flanges  are  grooved  for  packing.  The 
heavy  valves  show  an  improvement  in  quantity  and  disposi- 
tion of  metal  to  resist  the  constantly  increasing  pressure  to 
which  modern  practice  tends. 

The  woodworking  machines  formed  another  important  class. 
Some  fifteen  of  these  were  exhibited,  among  them  a  new 
double  surfacer  and  sizer  for  planing  all  kinds  of  bill  timber 


WORLD'S   TAIR  MANAGERS.  153 

perfectly  square,  bradding  heavy  girders  and  a  variety  of  mill- 
work.  Two  pieces  may  be  dressed  at  once  and  on  three  sides 
each,  by  using  a  center-guide.  The  machine  can  be  changed 
while  running  by  means  of  a  power  hoist,  so  that  timber  of 
different  sizes  can  be  planed  without  sorting,  or  two  pieces  of 
different  thickness  run  through  at  the  same  time.  Other  ma- 
chines comprised  an  automatic  floor  board  boring  machine,  a 
38-inch  band-saw  machine,  a  heavy  pattern  self-feeding  saw 
table,  double  iron  adjustable  saw  table,  a  circular  resawing 
machine,  an  improved  jointing  and  facing  machine,  new  cab- 
inet surface  planer  and  a  four- roll  molding  machine.  A  24- 
inch  single  shop  surfacer  is  especially  adapted  for  a  strong  feed 
and  fine  finish.  The  bed  moves  up  and  down  by  means  of  ele- 
vating screws  of  large  diameter,  upon  gibbed  ways  arranged  to 
give  great  steadiness.  A  new  automatic  knife  grinder,  with 
power  feed,  for  wet  or  dry  grinding,  is  veiy  compact,  has  an 
absolutely  straight  and  true  edge  and  runs  without  jar. 

The  electrical  forging  of  metals  formed  a  most  novel  and 
comprehensive  exhibit.  Appliances  for  forging,  welding,  roll- 
ing, brazing  and  for  rolling  balls  and  taper  pins  were  shown  in 
regular  operation,  all  being  operated  by  an  electric  motor.  A 
large  drop  forge  was  used  for  making  horseshoes.  A  large 
electric  heater,  having  several  metal  holders,  is  used  for  heating 
the  bars  and  for  welding  tubes  or  pipes.  Pieces  of  different 
diameters  and  lengths  are  heated  at  the  same  time,  the  heater 
dividing  the  current  automatically  by  a  governing  rheostat,  or 
regulator.  Iron,  steel  or  copper  can  be  heated  easily  and 
quickly.  Four  holders,  close  to  the  rolling  machine,  keep  the 
operator  supplied  with  heated  rods.  The  heat  is  comparatively 
mild  and  the  portions  beyond  the  immediate  effect  of  the  elec- 
tric current  are  not  heated,  and  the  metal  thus  heated  is  not 
oxidized  or  burned.  A  portable  heating  apparatus  is  used  for 
heating  rivets  for  building  construction,  or  for  use  in  isolated 
places.     A  pail  containing  water  is  connected  with  a  conductor 


154  REPORT    OF   BOARD    OF 

of  an  electric  current,  while  a  pair  of  tongs  is  connected  with 
the  other  pole.  The  current  may  be  obtained  from  an  electric- 
light  or  trolley  wire,  or  other  source  of  electrical  energy.  On 
dipping  a  piece  of  metal  held  by  the  tongs  in  the  water,  the  cir- 
cuit is  completed  and  the  metal  at  once  heats,  the  action  being 
quite  rapid.  It  may  be  melted  in  this  manner,  and  iron  or 
steel  is  not  injured  in  the  process,  as  a  surrounding  jacket  of 
hydrogen  is  generated  and  envelops  the  metal,  which  protects 
the  metal  from  the  action  of  the  oxygen.  This  exhibit  received 
a  medal  and  diploma  for  originality,  rapidity  in  placing  and 
removing  the  metal  to  be  heated  and  adjusting  the  heating 
devices  to  varying  sizes,  shapes  and  lengths,  and  for  original 
and  superior  construction  and  apparatus. 

Printing  presses  and  sewing  machines  were  represented  by 
manufacturers  of  the  State. 

From  what  has  preceded  it  has  been  shown  that  the  mechan- 
ical industries  of  the  State  are  creditable  and  compare  favor- 
ably with  those  of  any  other  State,  and  in  several  novel  and 
important  particulars  are  unique  and  exclusive  in  their  mechan- 
ical products  among  the  exhibits. 


WORLD'S   PAIR   MANAGERS.  155 


MASSACHUSETTS   IN  THE  DEPARTMENT  OF  ELECTRICITY 
AT  THE  WORLD'S  COLUMBIAN  EXPOSITION, 

By  "William  A.  Hovet. 

At  the  Centennial  Exhibition  in  Philadelphia  in  1876  the 
electrical  exhibits  were  not  sufficiently  numerous  nor  of  suf- 
ficient importance  to  warrant  a  separate  department,  and  the 
single  item  of  importance  in  the  development  of  the  electrical 
industry  as  connected  with  that  exhibition  is  the  fact  that  there 
the  speaking  electric  telephone  was  first  publicly  shown.  Eight 
years  later,  in  1884,  an  exhibition  was  held  in  Philadelphia 
devoted  exclusively  to  electricity.  The  progress  in  the  mean- 
time had  been  marvellous.  Here  were  shown  the  electric 
light,  both  arc  and  incandescent,  the  telephone  in  operation 
with  a  working  central  office,  dynamos  of  many  forms,  motors, 
incipient  street  railway  operated  by  electricity,  multiplex  sys- 
tems of  telegraphy,  storage  batteries,  and  many  other  ingenious 
and  interesting  applications  of  electricity,  all  practically  new. 

It  was  commonly  supposed  that  the  nine  years  between  1884 
and  1893  had  produced  an  equal  crop  of  things  new  and  start- 
ling in  the  electrical  field  that  would  burst  upon  the  world  at 
the  World's  Columbian  Exposition,  but  such  did  not  prove  to 
be  the  fact.  Great  improvements  had,  during  that  period, 
been  made  in  all  directions  ;  electric  street  railways,  shown 
in  embryo  in  1884,  came  into  general  use  during  the  period 
named  ;  in  electric  lighting  great  progress  had  been  made,  and 
also  in  electric  power  for  many  purposes  ;  storage  batteries 
had  come  into  use  to  a  limited  extent  for  special  purposes,  and 
the  telephone  had  been  vastly  improved  and  was  working  over 
distances  never  dreamed  of  in  the  earlier  days.  Still,  with 
some  few  exceptions,  notably  electric  welding  and  forging, 
and  the  use  of    electricity  for  the   development  of    heat,  the 


156  EEPOET   OF   BOARD   OF 

World's  Fair  had,  in  the  Department  of  Electricity,  less  to 
show  in  the  way  of  absolute  novelty  than  was  generally  looked 
for. 

From  the  United  States  there  were,  in  all,  four  hundred  and 
seventy-eight  exhibits.  In  many  instances  the  same  exhibitor 
made  several  exhibits,  so  that  this  number  greatly  exceeds  the 
total  number  of  United  States  exhibitors.  The  number  of 
exhibitors  from  Massachusetts  was  nineteen,  and  of  this  num- 
ber several  had  exhibits  which  were  not  in  the  full  sense  elec- 
trical, being  in  the  nature  of  supplies  required  and  used  in 
electrical  industries.  Of  this  sort  were  exhibits  of  wire,  of 
iron  poles  for  carrying  wires  and  cables,  of  specially  designed 
trucks  for  electric  cars,  and  of  pumps  operated  by  electric 
wire. 

But  while  the  number  of  exhibits  in  the  Electrical  Depart- 
ment from  Massachusetts  was  relatively  small,  they  included 
some  of  the  most  important.  That  made  by  the  American 
Bell  Telephone  Company,  a  Massachusetts  corporation,  which 
has  been  built  upon  inventions  made  in  Massachusetts,  was 
one  of  the  most  notable.  It  was  installed  in  a  beautiful  build- 
ing of  Greek  design,  admirably  adapted  for  the  purpose. 
Here  was  shown  a  complete  set  of  instruments,  from  the 
earliest  beginnings  of  the  art,  through  all  the  stages  of  develop- 
ment down  to  the  perfected  instruments  of  the  present  time. 
Here  also  were  to  be  seen  in  actual  commercial  operation  a 
complete  central  office  equipped  with  the  latest  and  most  im- 
proved switchboard,  with  all  the  necessary  auxiliary  apparatus  ; 
a  long-distance  station,  where  opportunity  was  given  the  public 
to  test  the  line  to  New  York  ;  diagrams  and  maps  showing  the 
growth  and  present  state  of  the  business,  and  many  interesting 
specialties  in  the  way  of  the  telephone  use  with  which  the  pub- 
lic at  large  is  not  generally  familiar. 

The  General  Electric  Company  of  New  York,  which  made 
perhaps  the  largest  exhibit  in  the  building,  included  that  of 


WORLD'S   FAIR   MANAGERS.  157 

what  was  formerly  the  Thomsou-IIouston  Company,  whose 
works  are  at  Lynn,  in  this  State.  The  two  companies  having 
combined,  the  exhibit  of  machines  and  instruments  made  in 
Lynn  was  not  kept  apart,  and  cannot  therefore  be  separately 
described.  But  those  who  took  the  trouble  to  examine  care- 
fully found  that  a  generous  proportion  of  all  that  were  shown 
came  from  Massachusetts. 

The  Electric  Welding  Company,  a  Massachusetts  enterprise, 
based  upon  the  inventions  of  Professor  Thompson,  a  citizen  of 
this  State,  made  a  most  interesting  and  creditable  exhibit, 
showing  their  machines  in  operation.  As  this  was  the  first 
great  exhibition  at  which  this  new  and  surprising  process  had 
been  shown,  it  attracted  very  general  attention. 

The  same  may  be  said  of  the  exhibit  of  the  Electric  Forging 
Company,  also  a  Massachusetts  enterprise.  Every  afternoon 
crowds  could  be  seen  gather  round  the  novel  forge,  where  the 
piece  of  iron  to  be  shaped  upon  the  anvil,  instead  of  being  put 
into  the  fire,  was  simply  dipped  in  what  appeared  to  be  a  pail 
of  cold  water,  where  it  was  in  an  instant  brought  to  a  white 
heat. 

In  the  group  which  included  heating  and  cooking  this  State 
was  well  represented. 

But,  in  a  larger  and  broader  way,  Massachusetts  and  what 
she  has  done  for  electrical  science  and  electrical  industries  was 
very  much  in  evidence.  At  the  main  entrance  of  the  Electric- 
ity Building  was  a  statue  of  one  of  her  most  distinguished 
sons,  drawing  the  lightning  from  the  clouds.  Franklin  had,  as 
he  deserved,  the  foremost  place  of  honor  as  one  of  the  earliest 
explorers  in  the  electrical  field.  Nor  was  it  forgotten  that  to 
another  son  of  Massachusetts,  Professor  Morse,  the  world 
owes  the  simple  yet  effective  device  which  has  made  the  enor- 
mous development  of  the  telegraph  system  of  the  whole  world 
possible.  The  exhibit,  made  by  the  Western  Union  Telegraph 
Company,  of  his  early  experimental  instruments  was  one  of  the 
most  interesting  and  instructive  in  the  department. 


158  REPORT    OF   BOARD    OF 

There  is  one  man,  whose  death  during  the  progress  of  the 
Exhibition  was  sincerely  mourned,  of  whom  a  word  should  be 
said.  The  little  exhibit  of  incandescent  lights  and  of  an 
operative  electric  railway  model,  dating  back  more  than  forty 
years,  was  an  effective  illustration  of  the  fact  that  a  man  may 
miss  the  reward  of  invention  by  being  too  far  in  advance  of  his 
time.  Such  a  man  was  Moses  G.  Farmer,  to  whom  the  world 
is  indebted  for  the  first  fire-alarm  system  ever  put  in  operation, 
that  of  the  city  of  Boston,  who  made  many  other  valuable  and 
important  inventions,  but  who  was  always  reaching  out  for 
something  for  which  the  world  was  not  ready.  To  the  world 
at  large  he  is,  and  will  be,  but  little  known,  but  those  who  are 
familiar  with  electrical  discovery  and  invention  during  the 
years  that  intervened  between  1850  and  1875  will  always  hold 
his  name  in  respected  and  affectionate  remembrance. 


WORLD'S   FAIR   MANAGERS.  159 


MASSACHUSETTS    IN    THE    DEPARTMENT  OF  ETHNOLOGY 
AT  THE    WORLD'S    COLUMBIAN   EXPOSITION. 

By  Miss  F.  H.  Mead. 

It  is  appropriate,  in  connection  witli  a  report  of  the  part 
taken  by  the  State  of  Massachusetts  in  the  Exposition,  to 
call  attention  to  the  honor  conferred  upon  her  by  placing 
one  of  her  citizens  at  the  head  of  the  Department  of  Eth- 
nology. Prof.  F.  W.  Putnam,  a  descendant  of  some  of  the 
oldest  families  who  came  from  England  and  settled  in  Salem, 
Mass.,  in  the  first  half  of  the  seventeenth  century,  is  in 
every  sense  of  the  word  a  son  of  Massachusetts.  From  his 
position  as  professor  of  American  archaeology  in  Harvard 
University,  and  from  the  reputation  he  has  gained  by  life- 
long researches  in  the  natural  sciences.  Professor  Putnam 
was  chosen  to  fill  the  position  of  chief  of  the  Department  of 
Ethnology  at  the  time  of  the  very  conception  of  the  depart- 
ment. It  is  well  that  his  scientific  knowledge  is  of  the 
broadest  character,  as  the  department  over  which  he  was 
called  to  preside  far  exceeded  in  scope  the  title  given  to  it 
by  the  Exposition  classification,  and  included  all  the  sub- 
divisions of  anthropology  as  well  as  natural  history.  By 
the  special  request  of  Professor  Putnam,  his  department 
building  was  named  the  Anthropological  Building,  and  the 
motto  ' '  Man  and  his  Works "  was  placed  over  the  main 
entrance.  This  was  considered  the  most  appropriate  term  to 
cover  all  the  varied  exhibits  in  the  building. 

As  might  be  expected,  this  building  was  the  favorite  ren- 
dezvous for  scientists  from  all  parts  of  the  world,  and  many 
were  the  expressions  of  wonder  and  commendation  bestowed 
upon  its  contents.  Here  were  many  important  and  interest- 
ing  exhibits   from   the  States,   from   scientists  and   scientific 


160  REPORT    OP   BOARD    OF 

societies,  from  individuals  and  from  foreign  countries ;  but 
what  is  of  special  interest  in  this  connection  is  the  fact  that 
the  State  of  Massachusetts  was  very  closely  connected  with 
three  of  the  most  scientifically  important  and  generally  at- 
tractive sections  in  the  Anthropologioal  Building. 

LABORATORIES    OF   PHYSICAL   ANTHROPOLOGY. 

A  large  portion  of  the  northern  gallery  was  occupied  by 
the  Laboratory  of  Physical  Anthropology,  which  was  univer- 
sally pronounced  to  be  remarkably  complete  and  scientific  in 
its  character.  While  this  laboratory  contained  contributions 
from  scientists  and  scientific  institutions  the  world  over, 
Massachusetts,  through  her  educational  institutions,  was  the 
essential  factor.  When  the  plan  of  this  laboratory  was  first 
conceived.  Professor  Putnam  selected  Dr.  Franz  Boas,  —  at 
that  time  professor  of  anthropology  in  Clark  University, 
Worcester,  Mass., —  as  the  most  able  man  to  place  in  special 
charge  of  this  whole  section.  As  the  plans  were  gradually 
developed  the  laboratory  was  divided  into  five  sections,  an- 
thropological laboratory,  psychological  laboratory,  neurologi- 
cal laboratory,  development  room  and  the  anthropological 
library.  One  entire  room  in  this  section  was  occupied  by 
the  exhibit  of  the  Hemenway  Gymnasium  of  Harvard  Uni- 
versity, in  charge  of  Dr.  D.  H.  Sargent,  showing  researches 
in  the  anthropometry  of  college  students.  The  composite 
statues  made  under  Dr.  Sargent's  direction,  from  a  long 
series  of  measurements  upon  students,  representing  the  typical 
or  average  American  student,  male  and  female,  formed  the 
chief  objects  of  interest  and  attraction  in  this  room.  Har- 
vard College  also  exhibited  psychological  apparatus  and  photo- 
graphs of  laboratory  equipment.  The  Harvard  Medical  School, 
through  Dr.  Bowditch,  exhibited  anthropometric  instruments, 
the   results   of   investigations   on  the   growth   of   children   in 


WORLD'S   FAIR  MANAGERS.  161 

Boston,  scientific  apparatus,  and  a  series  of  large  composite 
photographs.  Dr.  W.  F.  Whitney  was  also  an  exhibitor. 
The  Peabody  Museum  at  Harvard,  of  which  the  chief  of  the 
department  is  and  has  been  for  twenty  years  the  curator, 
contributed  anthropological  instruments,  skeletons  of  races, 
crania,  and  casts  of  heads  of  Indians.  Dr.  H.  Nichols  showed 
optical  apparatus  ;  Dr.  C.  W.  Fitz,  psychological  apparatus  ; 
and  Dr.  Hugo  Munsterberg  exhibited  Aeby's  wire  model  of 
the   brain . 

Clark  University  was  also  well  represented  in  the  Laboratory 
of  Physical  Anthropology.  In  the  division  of  Neurology  was 
the  exhibit  of  Dr.  C.  F.  Hodges,  which  consisted  of  charts 
illustrating  fatigue  of  the  nerve  cells.  In  the  division  of 
Anthropology  was  the  large  and  valuable  collection  of  skulls 
from  North  America,  New  Guinea  and  the  Sandwich  Islands, 
belonging  to  Dr.  Franz  Boas;  also  the  important  statistics 
collected  and  tabulated  by  Dr.  G-.  M.  West  on  the  growth 
and  development  of  children  in  Worcester,  Mass.  Here  also 
were  the  charts  and  diagrams  illustrating  the  anthropometry  of 
the  North  American  Indians,  based  upon  the  measurements  of 
17,000  individuals  taken  by  the  seventy  volunteer  assistants 
who  were  sent  out  by  Professor  Putnam  to  gather  these  sta- 
tistics among  the  various  Indian  tribes  of  North  America. 

Amherst  College  contributed  to  the  laboratories  by  the  ex- 
hibit of  Prof.  E.  Hitchcock,  which  consisted  of  anthropometric 
charts  showing  the  effect  of  physical  culture  upon  the  growth  of 
students  in  Amherst  College.  Wellesley  College  was  repre- 
sented by  photographs  of  laboratory  equipment,  and  also  by 
the  important  exhibit  of  Miss  M.  Anna  Wood,  who  contributed 
anthropometric  studies  from  the, Gymnasium  of  Wellesley  Col- 
lege. Smith  College,  of  Northampton,  Mass.,  was  an  exhibitor, 
through  Prof.  J.  H.  Pillsbury,  in  the  division  of  Psychology. 

The  State  Board  of  Health  of  Massachusetts  contributed  an 
exhibit  of  anthropometric  instruments  and  statistics. 


162  REPORT    OF   BOARD    OF 

The  Boston  Normal  School  of  Gymnastics  showed  diagrams 
and  instruments. 

In  the  division  of  Psychology  Dr.  B.  J.  Jeffries  of  Boston 
exhibited  optical  apparatus,  and  Richie  &  Sous  of  Brookline 
showed  scientific  instruments. 

From  the  foregoing  statements  it  will  be  seen  that  Massa- 
chusetts has  reason  to  be  proud  of  the  active  part  taken  by  her 
institutions  and  her  cultured  sons  and  daughters  in  this  most 
purely  and  severely  scientific  section  in  the  Anthropological 
Building. 

CENTRAL   AMERICAN   SECTION. 

The  Central  American  section  was  one  of  exceeding  interest 
and  importance  to  students  of  Central  American  archaeology 
on  account  of  the  vast  amount  of  new  material  exhibited  there. 

The  ancient  ruined  cities  of  Yucatan  and  Honduras,  with 
their  massive  stone  structures,  symbolic  sculptures  and  hiero- 
glyphic incriptions,  were  extensively  represented.  Fac-simile 
reproductions,  made  from  the  molds  taken  during  two  seasons' 
exploration  by  the  Peabody  Museum  Honduras  Expedition  of 
the  stone  idols  or  monoliths,  stone  heads  and  bands  of  hiero- 
glyphs in  Copan  and  Quirigua,  occupied  a  prominent  position 
in  the  section.  Professor  Putnam,  director  of  these  expedi- 
tions, appointed  as  the  acting  head  of  the  first  year's  expedi- 
tion to  Copan  Mr.  Marshall  H.  Saville,  a  student  assistant 
in  the  Peabody  Museum ;  and  the  second  year,  Mr.  John  G. 
Owens,  a  student  in  Professor  Putnam's  department  of  the 
Harvard  Graduate  School,  was  appointed  to  take  charge ;  and 
it  is  sad  to  report  that  this  promising  young  scientist  lost  his 
life  by  fever  while  on  this  expedition. 

The  recent  work  in  Yucatan  by  Mr.  E.  H.  Thompson,  a 
Massachusetts  man  and  United  States  Consul  to  Merida,  acting 
as  assistant  to  Professor  Putnam  and  the  Peabody  Museum, 
was  shown  partly  within  and  partly  outside  the  Anthropological 


WOKLD'S   FAIR   MANAGERS.  163 

Building.  Ten  thousand  square  feet  of  molds  were  taken  by 
the  expedition  under  his  charge,  during  fourteen  mouths  of 
hard  labor  and  serious  risk  of  life  in  the  dense,  malarial  jungles 
of  Yucatan.  The  principal  sections  chosen  as  characteristic 
examples  of  the  architecture  and  sculpture  of  these  magnificent 
ruined  temples  were  the  "Portal  of  Lebna,"  with  dimensions 
of  twenty-five  feet  in  height  and  forty  feet  in  width;  "The 
Straight  Arch  of  Uxmal,"  twenty-seven  feet  high  and  twenty- 
two  feet  wide;  the  famous  facade  of  the  "Serpent  House;" 
and  three  different  sections  from  the  "  House  of  Nuns."  Full- 
size  reproductions  of  these  sections  were  made  in  staff  and 
erected  on  the  grounds  just  north  of  the  Anthropological  Build- 
ing. Every  one  who  visited  the  Exposition  will  recall  the 
weird  effect  produced  on  the  imagination  by  these  old  monu- 
ments of  an  unknown  past  standing  in  stately  grandeur  amidst 
all  the  magnificence  and  beauty  that  landscape  art  and  archi- 
tecture of  to-day  could  devise. 

A  collection  of  162  large  photographs  taken  by  the  Peabody 
Museum  expeditions,  the  famous  Charnay  casts,  and  the  well- 
known  Maudsley  photographs,  as  well  as  casts  from  Guatemala 
contributed  by  the  Berlin  Museum,  helped  to  make  this  section 
an  inexhaustible  store  of  treasures  to  the  student  and  a  source 
of  wonder  and  delight  to  all. 


SOUTH  AMERICAN   SECTION. 

Another  large  and  extremely  popular  section  in  which  Massa- 
chusetts was  an  important  factor  was  that  of  South  America. 
One  division  of  this  section  was  known  as  the  department 
exhibit  from  South  America.  This  was  wholly  independent  of 
the  various  official  exhibits  from  South  America,,  and  was 
brought  together  by  original  work  and  exploration  carried  on 
under  Professor  Putnam's  direction.  These  collections  occu- 
pied about  10,000  square  feet  in  the  Anthropological  Building 


164:  REPORT    OP    BOARD    OF 

and  comprised  a  fine  display  of  ethnological  and  archaeological 
material  from  Peru,  Chili,  Bolivia,  the  Island  of  La  Plata  and 
the  region  of  the  Upper  Paraguay,  as  well  as  full  sets  of  gar- 
ments and  a  large  number  of  pottery  vessels  used  by  the 
Quichaus  of  the  interior  of  Peru.  Perhaps  the  most  popular 
exhibit  in  the  whole  building  was  one  feature  of  this  division, 
known  as  the  "An9on  Graveyard."  Mr.  G-.  A.  Dorsey,  a  stu- 
dent in  Professor  Putnam's  department  of  the  Harvard  Grad- 
uate School,  was  the  man  whom  Professor  Putnam  chose  to 
collect  the  larger  part  of  this  material  from  South  America,  and 
he  was  in  charge  of  the  entire  South  American  section  in  the 
building.  Mr.  Dorsey  conceived  the  plan  of  reproducing  a 
portion  of  the  old  burial  place  at  An^on  to  show  the  method  of 
burial  at  that  place,  where  one  hundred  graves  were  opened 
under  his  direction.  This  plan  was  carried  out  by  setting  up 
the  mummies  in  a  natural  position  in  a  foundation  of  sand  and 
surrounding  them  with  the  objects  found  with  them  in  the 
graves,  such  as  pots  of  beans,  bags  of  peanuts,  pottery  vessels, 
work  baskets  furnished  with  materials  for  sewing,  and  various 
other  objects  from  which  we  learn  the  customs  of  these  early 
peoples  of  Peru.  This  unique  exhibit  was  enclosed  by  a  railing 
which  was  always  surrounded  by  a  crowd  of  curious  and  inter- 
ested visitors. 

In  addition  to  the  part  taken  by  Massachusetts  in  these  three 
large  sections  of  the  department,  there  were  several  individual 
exhibits  which  are  worthy  of  mention  as  belonging  to  the 
citizens  of  the  Commonwealth. 

Dr.  Franz  Boas  has  already  been  mentioned  in  connection 
with  the  section  of  Physical  Anthropology,  but  in  addition  to 
this  he  was  chosen  by  Professor  Putnam  to  superintend  the 
collecting  of  the  large  and  interesting  exhibit  from  the  north- 
west coast  of  America  which  was  to  be  seen  in  the  Anthropo- 
logical Building.  This  collection  represented  the  several  tribes 
of  native  peoples  of  British  Columbia,   and  included  many 


WOULD' S   FAIR   MANAGERS .  165 

curious  masks,  idols  and  other  objects  of  religious  significance, 
as  well  as  totem  poles,  with  their  symbolic  carving,  native 
canoes,  wearing  apparel  and  articles  of  household  use.  Dr, 
Boas  was  also  instrumental  in  bringing  the  fourteen  Quackuhl 
Indians  from  Vancouver  Island.  These  Indians  furnished  the 
ethnologists  a  store  of  interest,  and  were  a  gr.eat  attraction  to 
the  visitors  by  their  strange  songs,  dances  and  ceremonies, 
which  were  carried  on  each  day  in  the  native  houses  and  occa- 
sionally in  the  evening  on  an  illuminated  float  in  the  lagoon. 

Mr.  C.  C.  Willoughby,  acting  as  assistant  in  the  Peabody 
Museum,  carried  on  a  very  thorough  and  scientific  exploration, 
during  the  seasons  of  1891-2,  in  the  Penobscot  valley  in  Maine. 
The  results  of  the  exploration  of  one  of  these  burial  places 
were  displayed  in  the  Anthropological  Building,  and  those  of 
another  furnished  the  material  of  the  Peabody  Museum  exhibit 
in  the  education  section  of  the  Liberal  Arts  Building.  Both  of 
these  collections  were  artistically  arranged  by  Mr.  Willoughby 
with  the  idea  of  illustrating  the  Peabody  Museum  method  of 
exploration. 

Miss  Alice  C.  Fletcher,  holder  of  the  Thaw  Fellowship  in 
the  Peabody  Museum,  furnished  ethnological  material  from 
certain  Indian  tribes,  and  also  exhibited  her  work  on  Indian 
music,  which  represents  the  results  of  her  twelve  years'  study 
on  this  subject  among  the  Indians. 

Zelia  Nuttall,  honorary  assistant  in  the  Peabody  Museum, 
brought  together  a  collection  of  Mexican  archaeology  for  the 
department.  This  consisted  chiefly  of  the  large  charts  illus- 
trating her  reproduction  of  the  ancient  Mexican  calendar  sys- 
tem, painted  shields,  and  photographic  reproductions  of  a 
portion  of  Sahagun's  manuscript. 

The  Massachusetts  members  on  the  regular  staff  of  assist- 
ants in  the  Department  of  Ethnology  were  :  Dr.  Franz  Boas  of 
Worcester,  chief  assistant ;  Miss  F.  H.  Mead  of  Cambridge, 
secretary ;  Mrs=  S.    F.   Fletcher  of   Cambridge,    stenographer 


166  REPORT    OF   BOARD    OF 

and  clerical  assistant;  Mr.  G.  A.  Dorsey  of  Cambridge,  super- 
intendent of  the  Section  of  South  American  Ethnology  and 
Archaeology ;  Dr.  Gr.  M.  "West  of  Worcester,  assistant  in  the 
Laboratory  of  Physical  Anthropology. 

In  addition  to  these  regular  assistants,  several  young  men 
from  among  the  students  of  Harvard  and  Clark  Universities 
were  sent  out  by  Professor  Putnam  to  collect  anthropological 
statistics  and  ethnological  material  from  the  different  Indian 
tribes  during  the  seasons  of  1891-2. 

It  must  be  remembered  in  reading  the  foregoing  statements 
that  this  is  not  intended  as  a  report  on  the  Department  of 
Ethnology,  but  simply  as  a  brief  summary  of  that  portion  with 
which  Massachusetts  was  closely  connected. 


WORLD'S   FAIR   MANAGERS.  167 


MASSACHUSETTS    IN    THE    TEXTILE    EXHIBITS    AT    THE 
WORLD'S  COLUMBIAN  EXPOSITION. 

By  Henry  G.  Kittredge  op  Boston. 

Massachusetts  has  always  shown  herself  willing  and  ready  to 
contribute  her  share  in  any  demonstration  of  a  State,  national 
or  international  character  that  will  redound  to  her  own  or  to 
the  national  industrial  advancement.  Her  policy  has  been 
always  liberal  and  patriotic,  and  her  people  have  been  inspired 
with  her  greatness.  In  nothing  is  she  more  conspicuous  than  in 
her  mechanical  industries  and  in  the  perfectness  of  her  factory 
system.  In  these  particulars  she  is  the  acknowledged  leader 
among  the  States.  The  spirit  of  her  enterprise  was  manifest 
in  these  particulars  to  a  very  marked  degree  at  the  World's 
Columbian  Exposition,  and  no  more  so  than  in  her  textile 
exhibits,  especially  woollen  and  cotton.  In  the  amount  of 
capital  invested  in  these  two  industries  she  stands  at  the  head 
of  all  the  States.  Over  $210,000,000  are  thus  invested,  or 
over  thirty  per  cent,  of  the  total  capital  invested  in  these  indus- 
tries in  the  United  States. 

In  the  silk  manufacturing  industry  Massachusetts  does  not 
occupy  an  advanced  posttion,  and  in  this  particular  she  is 
behind  New  Jersey,  New  York,  Pennsylvania  and  Connecticut. 
The  larger  portion  of  the  silk  manufactures  of  the  State  is  the 
product  of  mills  located  in  the  valley  of  the  Connecticut  River. 
At  least  two-thirds  of  the  capital  invested  in  the  manufacture 
of  silk  in  Massachusetts  is  in  the  Connecticut  valley.  Over 
eighty-six  per  cent,  of  the  machine  twist  and  sewing  silk  made 
in  the  United  States  is  the  product  of  Connecticut  and  Massa- 
chusetts mills,  and  of  this  product  the  latter  produce  nearly 
thirty-seven  per  cent.  Such  being  the  case,  it  was  quite  con- 
sistent with  Massachusetts'  silk  exhibit  at  the  World's  Fair 


168  EEPOET   OF   BOARD   OF 

that  it  should  be  conspicuous  for  the  excellence  of  its  display 
in  these  goods.  There  were  only  four  silk-goods  exhibits  at 
Chicago  from  Massachusetts,  but  these  represented  invested 
capital  to  the  extent  of  $1,850,000,  or  almost  exactly  one-half 
of  the  capital  so  invested  in  the  State.  No  other  State  made 
a  larger  proportional  representation  of  its  silk  manufacture. 
Two  of  these  exhibits  were  of  mills  making  an  international 
exhibit  for  the  first  time,  and  two  were  of  mills  that  were 
represented  at  the  Philadelphia  Exposition  of  1876.  These 
latter  were  more  or  less  significant  of  the  progress  in  the 
variety  of  goods  made  between  1876  and  1893.  At  Phila- 
delphia the  silk  exhibit  of  Massachusetts  consisted  wholly  of 
machine  twist,  sewing,  embroidery,  saddlers'  and  button-hole 
silk ;  while  at  Chicago,  in  addition  to  these,  were  to  be  seen 
silks  for  linings,  serges,  surahs,  satins,  dress  silk,  braids,  mit- 
tens, hosiery  and  underwear.  In  many  of  these  new  products 
this  State  has  taken  an  advanced  position  compared  with  other 
States,  with  much  promise  of  continuing  improvement.  The 
silk  exhibit  of  Massachusetts  at  Chicago  was  entitled  to  great 
praise,  especially  for  its  machine  twist  and  sewing  silks. 

Massachusetts  had  no  jute  or  kindred  exhibit  at  Chicago  and 
only  one  linen  exhibit,  and  that  consisted  of  crash.  The  mill 
making  this  exhibit  was  also  represented  with  the  same  kind  of 
product  at  Philadelphia  in  1876. 

There  were  twenty-one  different  manufacturing  establish- 
ments in  Massachusetts  making  exhibits  of  cotton  manufacture 
at  the  World's  Fair,  having  a  spinning  capacity  of  1,299,148 
spindles,  or  about  nineteen  per  cent,  of  the  total  cotton-spin- 
ning capacity  of  the  State.  The  exhibits  represented  goods 
whose  annual  production  amounted  to  not  far  from  $20,000,000. 
The  character  of  Massachusetts'  cotton  goods  exhibit  was  fully 
as  rich  as  that  made  at  Philadelphia  in  1876,  but  it  was  not  so 
extensive.  In  1876  the  mills  of  the  State  made  exhibits  repre- 
senting the  produce  of  2,164,082  spindles,  or  about  fifty-six 


WOELD'S   FAIR   MANAGERS.  169 

j)er  cent,  of  the  total  spinning  capacity  of  the  State  at  that 
time.  Forty-seven  different  establishments  were  thus  repre- 
sented at  the  Exposition  of  1876,  to  less  than  half  that  number 
at  the  Exposition  of  1893.  There  was  less  interest  taken  in 
the  latter  than  in  the  former  owing  to  various  reasons,  the  most 
potent  of  which  was  the  lack  of  any  concert  of  action.  It  was 
urged  upon  manufacturers  by  the  Massachusetts  Commission 
for  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition  that  they  appoint  a 
special  committee  to  advise  and  take  charge  of  exhibits  of  this 
kind,  but  the  suggestion  was  not  favorably  received,  with  the 
consequence  that  there  was  not  as  full  a  representation  of  the 
State's  cotton  manufacture  as  there  should  have  been.  Thus 
every  exhibitor  at  the  Chicago  exposition  acted  individually, 
according  to  his  own  ideas  of  what  was  wanted.  Many  manu- 
facturers were  disinclined  to  make  a  display  of  their  products 
with  the  limited  space  allowed  them  by  the  Exposition  authori- 
ties. They  were,  however,  as  liberally  treated  as  possible  in 
this  respect.  Eleven  of  those  exhibiting  at  the  Chicago  expo- 
sition exhibited  at  Philadelphia  in  1876.  In  the  latter  year 
they  represented  the  product  of  741,536  spindles,  while  in  1893 
they  represented  the  product  of  1,025,432  spindles,  or  an 
increased  productive  capacity  of  283,896  spindles.  Among 
the  cotton-goods  exhibitors  at  the  World's  Fair  was  a  concern, 
for  the  first  time  appearing  in  an  exhibition  of  this  kind,  with 
an  exhibit  of  fabrics  quilted  by  a  knitting  process.  This  ex- 
hibit was  not  with  the  general  group  of  cotton  manufactures, 
but  was  located  in  one  of  the  galleries. 

A  finer  line  of  cotton  manufactures  was  observed  at  the 
Chicago  than  at  the  Philadelphia  fair.  The  product  of  the 
combing  machine  was  seen  in  a  number  of  exhibits  either  in 
the  form  of  yarns  or  fabrics.  One  mill  alone  showed  the  prod- 
uct of  fifty-six  combing  machines.  Nothing  of  this  kind  was 
observed  at  Philadelphia.  The  mills  of  Massachusetts  have 
made  great  advances  in  this  respect  since  1876.     The  variety 


170  REPORT   OF  BOARD   OF 

of  yarns  at  Chicago  gave  evidence  of  this.  One  establishment 
alone  that  was  represented  at  the  fair  manufactures  three  hun- 
dred different  varieties  of  yarn,  in  fineness  and  quality,  to  meet 
the  demands  that  are  made  upon  it.  Among  its  products  may 
be  enumerated  harness  twine  ;  three,  four  and  six  ply  thread ; 
fine  yarns  for  plushes  ;  seine  twine  ;  yarn  for  covering  electrical 
wire,  etc.     Several  of  these  are  new  to  American  industry. 

The  principal  line  of  cotton  manufactures  from  Massachu- 
setts mills  naturally  consisted  of  brown  and  bleached  sheetings 
and  shirtings.  About  one-third  of  the  represented  products 
was  of  these  goods, — that  is  to  say,  these  goods  represented 
the  product  of  about  425,000  spindles.  Some  of  the  mills 
exhibiting  at  Chicago  had  not  materially  changed  their  styles  of 
manufacture  since  1876,  yet  it  was  an  interesting  feature  in 
some  instances  of  mills  having  turned  their  attention  from  one 
class  of  goods,  as  sheetings,  to  those  of  a  higher  order,  requir- 
ing greater  skill  in  their  production.  There  were  enough  cases 
of  this  kind  to  excite  favorable  comment  of  the  advancement 
that  had  been  made  in  this  particular.  Muslins,  satteens, 
lawns  and  nainsooks  had  taken  the  place  of  ordinary  sheetings  ; 
and  chambrays,  challies,  llama  cloth,  velveteens  and  corduroj-s 
the  place  of  painted  and  dyed  calicoes.  There  were  no  exhibits 
at  Chicago  of  printing  cloths.  Fall  River  mills  were  repre- 
sented in  such  goods  as  ginghams,  cambric  muslins  and  yarns, 
but  no  example  of  their  chief  and  peculiar  product  was  to  be 
seen.  At  Philadelphia  nineteen  of  these  mills  exhibited  full 
lines  of  printing  cloths. 

If  the  cotton  manufacturers  of  Massachusetts  did  not  do 
themselves  full  justice  at  the  World's  Fair,  for  reasons  best 
known  to  themselves,  the  same  cannot  be  said  of  the  woollen 
manufacturers,  however  apathetic  some  of  them  seemed  to  be 
to  the  credit  that  an  exhibit  of  this  kiud  reflects  upon  the  State 
and  nation  as  representative  of  an  enterprising  spirit.  Twenty- 
three    wool    manufacturiug    establishments   of   Massachusetts 


WOELD'S   FAIR   MANAGERS.  171 

exhibited  at  Chicago,  representing  the  productive  capacity  of 
about  750  sets  of  carding  machinery.  This  included  about  94 
combing  machines,  equivalent  to  about  282  sets  of  cards.  At 
the  1876  exposition  the  number  of  establishments  represented 
was  17  and  the  number  of  sets  about  500.  Only  five  of  the 
mills  that  exhibited  in  1876  exhibited  in  1893,  and  the  general 
character  of  the  goods  displayed  by  them  was  about  the  same  in 
both  instances.  In  the  meantime,  however,  marked  progress 
had  been  made  in  the  stj^le,  quality  and  finish  of  the  goods  pro- 
duced. It  was  particularly  noticed  that  worsted  yarn  had 
taken  the  place  of  the  woollen  yarn  in  the  fabrics  of  1893  as  com- 
pared with  those  of  1876.  The  contrast  was  an  exemplification 
of  the  advance  that  had  been  made  in  the  introduction  of  the 
system  of  combing  in  our  factories.  The  elegant  fancy  cassi- 
meres,  made  from  carded  wool,  of  the  Bell  Air  Manufacturing 
Company's  manufacture,  Pittsfield,  that  equalled  the  best  prod- 
uct of  foreign  looms  in  1876,  were  not  rivalled  in  any  of  the 
exhibits  in  1893.  A  fabric  made  from  combed  wool  usurped 
their  place.  There  were  some  superior  cassimeres,  however, 
made  from  carded  wool,  to  be  seen  at  Chicago,  in  various  color- 
ings and  tasteful  designs.  But  most  of  the  goods  of  this  kind 
were  of  medium  grade,  intended  for  the  masses.  The  skill  dis- 
played in  their  manufacture  was  very  apparent,  — quite  as  much 
so  as  that  seen  in  some  of  the  higher  order  of  woollen  fabrics 
which  had  superior  qualities  of  wool  in  their  favor.  Yet  the 
great  points  of  excellence  were  chiefly  conspicuous  in  the  fab- 
rics made  from  worsted  yarns.  The  course  of  fashion  decreed 
this,  and  at  no  previous  exposition  was  there  such  a  varied  and 
creditable  display  of  fine  American  worsted  fabrics.  Massa- 
chusetts did  not  carry  off  the  palm  in  these  goods  for  men's 
wear,  but  she  bore  her  part  well,  and  exhibited  fabrics  that  re- 
turned good  profit  to  those  that  manufactured  them.  There 
was  money  and  good  dividends  in  them.  At  Philadelphia  only 
two  Massachusetts  woollen  mills  showed  worsted  goods  for 
men's  wear,  while  at  Chicago  there  were  seven. 


172  REPORT    OF   BOARD    OF 

The  exhibits  of  overcoatings,  kerseys,  beavers,  cloakiugs 
and  similar  fabrics  made  by  Massachusetts  mills  were,  in 
many  instances,  of  great  excellence,  and  were  adjudged  so 
in  the  distribution  of  awards.  Woollens  with  chinchilla  finish, 
of  different  varieties  in  style  and  colors,  were  among  the 
attractive  features  of  the  general  display  from  the  State. 
An  exhibit  of  curled  mohair  and  wool  cloakings  made  by 
one  mill  was  almost  incomparable. 

Six  flannel  mills,  with  eighty-five  sets  of  machinery,  were 
represented  at  Chicago.  Most  of  these  goods  were  of  the 
ordinary  type  of  flannels,  for  which  there  is  not  that  demand 
as  in  former  years.  They  represented  a  class  of  woollens 
that  at  one  time  were  in  great  favor,  but  which  have  been 
superseded  very  largely  by  knitted  fabrics.  They  have  a 
demand,  though  it  is  rather  on  the  decline  than  otherwise. 

Massachusetts  had  no  exhibit  of  knit  goods  at  Chicago, 
except  one,  and  that  was  confined  to  hosiery.  Eider-downs 
and  that  class  are  excepted.  In  regard  to  the  flannels,  an 
exception  should  be  made  to  the  foregoing  comments  of  the 
product  of  one  Massachusetts  mill,  which  easily  stands  first 
among  the  mills  of  the  United  States  in  the  fineness  and 
elegance  of  its  manufacture  of  flannels,  both  where  wool 
alone  is  used  and  where  silk  is  used  in  the  warp.  Their 
superior  is  not  to  be  found  in  this  or  in  any  foreign 
country.  They  had  a  record  at  the  Philadelphia  exposition 
for  great  perfection  of  fabrication,  and  the  international 
reputation  there  gained  was  not  lost  at  the  Chicago  exposi- 
tion. The  exhibits  of  eider-down  flannels,  so  called,  was 
something  entirely  new  to  an  American  public  at  an  exposi- 
tion of  this  kind.  The  one  exhibit  of  this  kind  of  a 
Massachusetts  concern  was  deserving  of  high  encomium  as 
providing  a  class  of  goods  for  ladies'  and  children's  wear, 
and  for  purposes  where  warmth  and  durability,  combined 
with  gossamer  lightness,  is  desired. 


WORLD'S   FAIR   MANAGERS.  173 

The  finest  display  of  wool  felts  at  the  Exposition  was  made 
by  a  Massachusetts  mill.  These  goods  were  intended  for  uphol- 
stery, hats,  boots,  piano  purposes,  etc.  They  were  in  great 
variety  of  colors.  In  the  manufacture  of  these  goods  every 
improvement  in  machinery,  dyeing  and  finishing  was  adopted. 
The  upholstery  and  embroidery  felts  exhibited  were  made  from 
carefully  selected  wool,  free  from  cotton  and  shoddy,  uniform 
in  quality,  colored  with  fast  dyes  in  more  than  two  hundred  and 
fifty  different  shades,  and  given  a  lustrous  cloth  finish.  These 
felts  are  used  for  lambrequins,  table  and  piano  covers,  school, 
tennis  and  musical  instrument  bags,  millinery,  and  for  covering 
desks,  card,  billiard  and  library  tables,  counters,  etc.  They 
are  made  seventy-two  inches  wide  and  in  pieces  about  twenty- 
three  yards  in  length. 

Massachusetts  had  one  exhibit  of  shawls  at  Chicago,  which 
was  unsurpassed  by  anything  of  the  kind  to  be  seen  even  there. 
It  consisted  of  velvet  shawls  of  many  varieties,  beaver  shawls 
and  woollen  long  shawls.  There  were  several  exhibits  from 
different  mills  of  such  fabrics  as  meltons,  tricots,  cheviots  and 
friezes,  manufactured  to  meet  the  general  demand  for  goods  of 
this  description. 

The  line  of  woollen  dress  goods  exhibited  by  the  mills  of 
this  State  was  without  any  decided  competition  in  the  Ameri- 
can exhibit  of  woollen  goods.  Including  the  manufactures  of 
Italian  cloths,  mohair  serges,  linings,  etc.,  in  with  dress  goods, 
and  the  exhibits  were  contributed  by  four  of  the  largest  mills 
in  the  State.  They  were  every  way  superior  in  point  of  design, 
color  and  finish.  These  mills  also  exhibited  similar  lines  of 
goods  at  Philadelphia,  where  they  carried  away  the  highest 
honors  for  excellence  of  manufacture.  The  variety  of  dress 
goods  shown  is  but  partially  described  in  the  names  of  Hen- 
rietta cloth,  iridescent  fancies,  plaids,  whip  cords,  albatross, 
etc. 

There  were  no  exhibits  at  Chicago  from  any  of  the  carpet 


174  REPORT    OF   BOARD    OF 

mills  of  the  State,  and  but  one  from  all  the  States  in  the  Union. 
This  was  owing  to  the  inability  on  the  part  of  the  mills  to  secure 
a  satisfactory  amount  of  exhibition  space  from  the  exposition 
authorities.  In  this  respect  the  textile  exhibit  of  Massachu- 
setts was  inferior  to  that  at  Philadelphia,  where  a  handsome 
display  was  made  of  Brussels,  Wiltons,  tapestry  Brussels, 
and  two  and  three  ply  ingrains,  besides  rugs  and  mats. 


WORLD'S    PAIR   MANAGERS.  175 


MASSACHUSETTS    IN    THE    SEVERAL    DEPARTMENTS     OF 
THE    WORLD'S    COLUMBIAN  EXPOSITION. 

Bt  E.  C.  Hovet. 

It  is,  of  course,  manifest  that  no  adequate  account  of  the 
many  individual  exhibits  contributed  by  the  Commonwealth  of 
Massachusetts  to  the  great  Department  of  Manufactures  can  be 
given  in  a  single  chapter  of  this  official  report.  It  is  equally 
true,  however,  that  such  report  would  be  far  from  complete  did 
it  not  attempt  to  give  a  resume  at  least  of  all  the  exhibits  col- 
lected as  exponents  of  her  great  manufacturing  industries,  the 
more  especially  as  a  separate  chapter  has  been  devoted  to  her 
textile  interests.  That  these  latter  should  be  noticed  at  length, 
while  the  equally  important  manufactures  of  paper  and  of 
leather,  of  watches  and  of  pianos,  were  ignored,  would  be  an 
injustice  not  to  be  reconciled  with  the  desire  of  the  Board  to 
give  a  just  account  of  the  contributions  which  the  State  made 
to  each  of  the  many  departments  of  the  Exposition. 

The  contributions  of  Massachusetts  to  the  group  having  to 
do  with  paper  and  paper-making  were,  as  might  well  have  been 
expected,  most  important.  The  well-known  and  justly  famed 
manufacturers  of  Berkshire  and  Hampden  counties  sent  sam- 
ples of  their  product  which  attested  to  their  superiority  and 
excellence  of  finish.  A  comparison  of  the  number  exhibiting 
with  the  number  of  those  to  whom  the  Board  of  Judges  granted 
an  award  may  serve  to  show  how  commendable  these  exhibits 
proved  to  be  in  the  minds  of  this  committee  of  expert  exam- 
iners. 

Closely  allied  with  paper  and  paper-making  are  books  and 
book-making.  To  this  department  many  of  the  foremost  pub- 
lishers of  the  State  sent  their  exhibits.  Though  a  very  inade- 
quate space  had  been  assigned  to  them,  they  cheerfully  accepted 


176  REPORT   OF   BOARD    OF 

their  several  allotments,  making  use  of  same  in  a  most  artistic 
manner.  In  a  dignified  and  powerful  way  they  told  the  story 
of  the  contributions  which  Massachusetts  has  always  made  and 
is  still  making  to  the  literature  of  the  country.  It  was  a  pleas- 
ure indeed  to  see  the  interest  with  which  visitors  examined  and 
lingered  over  these  exhibits  of  mere  books. 

The  contributions  of  Massachusetts  to  the  display  of  furni- 
ture was  by  no  means  large.  Indeed,  with  Chicago  situated  in 
the  very  midst  of  the  great  furniture  manufacturing  centre  of 
tlie  country,  it  was  not  to  be  expected  that  the  East  would  be 
a  very  considerable  factor  in  this  special  department.  Of  the 
seventy  exhibits  therein  less  than  one-third  went  from  points 
east  of  Detroit,  of  which  number  Massachusetts  furnished  her 
full  proportion. 

To  the  enterprise  and  hearty  co-operation  of  the  stone-cutters 
and  quarry  owners  of  Quincy  the  citizens  of  the  Commonwealth 
are  indebted  for  an  exhibit  of  granite  which  was  as  interesting 
as  it  was  beautiful.  Consisting  as  it  did  of  a  score  or  more  of 
monuments  artistically  arranged,  it  attracted  very  great  atten- 
tion, proving  once  again  the  great  beauty  of  the  well-known 
Quincy  granite,  its  great  hardness  and  its  susceptibility  of 
taking  a  very  high  degree  of  polish. 

It  is  a  matter  of  regret  that  Attleborough,  the  seat  of  jew- 
elry manufacture  within  the  State,  did  not  send  her  contribu- 
tions, that  they  might  have  been  placed  side  by  side  with  the 
products  of  the  factories  of  Providence,  the  rival  centre  of  this 
great  industry.  In  this  department,  to  which  the  latter  city 
sent  nearly  ninety  per  cent,  of  all  the  exhibits,  Attleborough 
had  but  a  meagre  representation.  To  Group  99,  however,  de- 
voted as  it  was  to  watches,  clocks,  etc.,  Massachusetts  sent  an 
exhibit  which,  if  quality  be  the  measure  of  superiority,  stood 
second  to  none.  In  their  space  upon  the  main  aisle  of  the  great 
manufacturing  building  the  "Waltham  AVatch  Company  received 
visitors  by  the  thousands,  attracted  thither  by  the  sight  of  one 


WORLD'S   PAIR   MANAGERS.  177 

day's  product,  two  thousand  finished  watches,  each  ticking 
away  the  minutes  and  the  hours.  Added  to  these  there  were 
to  be  seen  many  machines  of  the  greatest  delicacy  and  inge- 
nuity, automatically  doing  the  most  intricate  work,  while  in  a 
case  by  itself  was  a  collection  of  watches  showing  the  evolution 
of  tliat  which,  though  once  considered  a  great  luxury,  is  now 
deemed  to  be  an  absolute  necessity. 

In  the  section  devoted  to  wire  and  wire  goods  Massachusetts 
was  not,  when  considered  numerically,  very  strong.  To  offset 
this  statement,  however,  it  is  perhaps  only  necessary  to  add 
that  the  Washburn  &  Moen  Manufacturing  Company  was  there 
in  force,  their  exhibit  in  the  Manufacturers  Building  being  only 
one  of  many  made  by  this  great  corporation  in  the  several 
buildings  of  the  Exposition.  It  may  perhaps  be  justly  said 
that,  when  consideration  is  given  to  their  many  exhibits,  the 
contributions  from  this  manufacturing  corporation  in  the  city 
of  Worcester  stood  second  to  none. 

The  same  comments  apply  with  equal  force  to  the  hardware 
section,  in  which  were  to  be  seen  the  exhibit  of  shovels,  spades, 
etc.,  made  by  the  Oliver  Ames  Sons  Corporation  of  North 
Easton,  the  contributions  of  the  Atlas  Tack  Corporation  of 
Boston,  as  well  as  exhibits  of  light  edge  and  boring  tools  from 
Millbury  and  from  Fiskdale.  Here  again  quantity  was  not  the 
one  thing  desired.  The  quality  of  product,  though,  was  surely 
worthy  of  the  State,  whose  citizens  had  every  reason  to  be 
proud  of  the  contributions  sent  from  the  Commonwealth. 

Most  nobly  did  the  great  centres  of  boot  and  shoe  manu- 
facture in  Massachusetts  respond  to  the  invitation  to  show 
their  wares  in  the  Exposition.  More  than  one-half  of  all  the 
exhibit  in  this  department  went  from  Lynn,  Haverhill,  Boston, 
Amesbury  and  Rockland.  These  were  displayed  in  a  building 
the  erection  of  which  was  made  possible  only  through  the  liber- 
ality and  public  spirit  of  the  manufacturers  in  the  West  and  East, 
who  raised  the  funds  among  themselves  with  which  to  put  up  a 


178  REPORT    OF   BOARD    OF 

building  to  be  devoted  to  exhibits  of  leather  and  of  its  manu- 
factures.  That  the  manufacture  of  boots  and  shoes  has  not 
entirely  left  Massachusetts  these  notable  exhibits  were  evi- 
dence. In  the  exhibit  of  rubber  foot-wear  Massachusetts 
easily  led,  those  of  the  American  and  Boston  Companies  being 
by  far  the  most  important  in  this  section,  while  in  the  groups 
devoted  to  what  may  perhaps  be  termed  "  shoemaker  supplies  " 
the  Commonwealth  certainly  was  second  to  none. 

Such,  then,  is  a  resume^  inadequate  to  be  sure,  of  the  con- 
tributions from  Massachusetts  to  the  great  department  of  man- 
ufactures. To  these,  however,  must  be  added  further  exhibits 
which,  although  they  properly  belonged  to  this  same  depart- 
ment, were  nevertheless,  under  the  classification  of  the  Expo- 
sition, placed  in  other  buildings. 

Carriages  and  bicycles,  steamboats  and  locomotives  are  as 
surely  articles  of  manufacture  as  are  woollens  and  cottons  and 
shoes  and  paper.  These  were,  however,  placed  in  the  Trans- 
portation Building.  To  this  building  the  Commonwealth  sent 
its  full  quota  of  exhibits.  The  great  and  important  carriage- 
making  centre  of  Amesbury  was  represented  by  a  full  collec- 
tion of  the  many  kinds  of  vehicles  made  in  its  factories,  while 
from  Boston  and  other  places  in  the  State  exhibits  of  bicycles 
were  received  which  stamped  the  Commonwealth  as  easily  lead- 
ing in  this  new  but  greatly  developed  branch  of  manufacturing. 
An  interesting  display  of  cars  and  locomotives  was  made  by 
the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  which  also,  by  means  of  models  and 
pictures,  sliowed  the  progress  and  development  in  the  building 
and  equipment  of  Sound  steamers,  as  made  by  the  Old  Colony 
Steamboat  Company.  Numberless  other  exhibits  were  made 
by  Massachusetts  firms  in  railway  appliances,  refrigerator  cars, 
car  wheels,  etc.,  showing  that  the  inventors  of  Massachusetts 
are  keeping  themselves  busy  and  are  succeeding  in  develop- 
ing their  ideas  into  articles  of  use  and  benefit  to  the  world  at 
large.     A  very  interesting  exhibit  was  sent  to  the  Transporta- 


WORLD'S   PAIR   MANAGERS.  179 

tiou  Building  by  tlie  Esses  Institute  of  Salem.  By  means  of 
pictures  they  were  able  in  a  most  successful  and  artistic  man- 
ner to  show  the  evolution  of  the  sailing  vessel,  beginning  with 
the  earliest  days,  when  that  city  was  an  important  factor  in  the 
commerce  of  the  country.  In  their  rooms  in  Salem  the  Essex 
Institute  has  a  most  interesting  collection,  which  has  been 
made  by  her  citizens,  who,  by  reason  of  the  great  number  of 
voyages  to  different  parts  of  the  globe  made  by  vessels  then 
owned  by  Salem  merchants,  were  able  to  get  together  a  large 
number  of  curious  articles  of  all  descriptions  from  the  peo- 
ples of  many  countries.  Among  these  were  canoes  and  boats 
used  by  the  natives  in  far-away  climes.  A  picture  of  this 
museum  was  singularly  appropriate  in  a  department  one  sec- 
tion of  which  was  devoted  to  methods  of  transportation  in  use 
now,  as  well  as  in  days  that  are  past,  by  all  the  known  peo- 
ple of  the  world. 

It  was  hoped  by  the  Board  that  a  unified  exhibit  of  the  fish- 
ing interests  of  the  Commonwealth  might  have  been  made,  to 
the  end  that  such  collection  should  have  been  placed  in  the 
Fisheries  Building  as  a  State  exhibit.  The  efforts  of  the  Board 
in  this  direction  did  not  meet  with  success.  Such  failure,  how- 
ever, the  Board  are  glad  to  report,  did  not  prevent  the  sending 
to  Chicago  of  a  collection  which  worthily  represented  this  very 
important  industry.  Occupying  the  most  conspicuous  position 
in  the  building  devoted  to  these  interests,  the  city  of  Glouces- 
ter was  able,  by  the  use  of  models,  as  well  as  by  means  of 
statistical  charts,  to  emphasize  her  well-known  position  in  deep- 
sea  fishing.  Her  exhibit  was  not  interesting  only,  but  of  great 
value,  in  showing  the  enormous  increase  in  the  business,  which 
well-nigh  supports  this  thriving  Cape  Ann  city.  Individual 
firms,  both  of  Boston  and  Cape  Ann,  supplemented  G-louces- 
ter's  exhibit  by  sending  full  and  interesting  collections  of  arti- 
cles used  by  and  indispensable  to  those  who  spend  their  lives 
on  the  Banks  of  Newfoundland  in  hazardous  and  weary  toil. 


180  BEPOET   OP   BOARD    OP 

In  the  bureau  of  Liberal  Arts,  especially  devoted  to  music 
and  musical  instruments,  the  State  of  Massachusetts,  natu- 
rally enough,  had  an  exhibit  in  every  way  worthy  of  this  very 
important  industry,  an  industry  in  which  a  large  aggregation 
of  capital  is  invested,  an  industry  in  which,  too,  Massachu- 
setts was  to  a  large  extent  the  pioneer. 

Occupying  prominent  positions  in  this  section,  the  manu- 
facturers of  pianos  and  organs  from  the  State,  not  only  by  a 
careful  selection  of  the  instruments  sent  forward  but  by  the 
artistic  treatment  of  the  spaces  severally  allotted  to  them,  jus- 
tified the  expectations  of  the  public.  They  have  reason  indeed 
to  feel  satisfied  with  the  conclusions  arrived  at  by  the  very 
painstaking  and  critical  board  of  judges  to  whom  were  referred 
for  decision  the  merits  of  the  many  instruments  on  exhibition. 

The  term  "pianos  and  organs"  is  used  herein  to  cover  all 
forms  of  musical  instruments  sent  from  the  Commonwealth. 
A  glance  at  the  appendix  will  show  to  what  a  large  propor- 
tion of  exhibitors  in  this  department  awards  were  finally 
granted.  It  is  only  fair  in  this  connection  to  call  attention 
to  the  fact  that  several  of  those  who  exhibited  did  so  with 
the  understanding  that  their  instruments  were  not  to  be  ex- 
amined and  passed  upon  by  the  board  of  judges. 

The  State  liliewise  sent  a  commendable  display  to  the 
group  in  Liberal  Arts  having  to  do  with  pharmaceutical 
preparations,  several  of  the  largest  and  best  known  firms 
making  exhibits  in  every  way  worthy  of  their  standing  and 
of  distinct  credit  to  the  State. 

By  reason  of  the  industry  and  entliusiasm  of  the  women  of 
Boston,  and  through  the  courtesy,  public  spirit  and  generos- 
ity of  their  several  owners,  the  State  has  good  reason  to  be 
proud  of  the  collection  of  historic  relics  which  filled  the  space 
in  the  rotunda  of  the  Government  Building  specially  allotted 
to  the  Commonwealth  within  which  to  make  a  display  of 
such  articles   as  had  peculiar  reference  to  her  Revolutionary 


AVOELD'S   FAIR   MANAGERS.  181 

history.  It  may  be  said  without  fear  of  contradiction  that 
none  of  the  original  thirteen  colonies  sent  a  collection  which 
awakened  a  higher  degree  of  interest  than  did  that  which 
went  from  Massachusetts,  as  the  result  of  the  good  work 
done  by  the  women  of  Boston  and  vicinity,  whose  collection 
in  the  State  Building  has  already  been  at  length  referred  to. 

In  his  special  report  on  the  Fine  Arts  Exhibit  Mr.  C. 
Howard  Walker  has  called  attention  to  the  prominent  part 
played  by  men  of  Massachusetts  in  that  department  of  the 
Exposition  relating  to  its  artistic  side.  The  administration 
of  the  Exposition  in  its  entirety  has  been  highly  commended. 
"While  it  is  of  course  true  that  during  the  period  of  construc- 
tion, as  well  perhaps  as  during  the  continuance  of  the  Expo- 
sition, a  certain  clash  of  authority  may  have  made  criticism 
natural,  it  cannot  be  gainsaid  that  never  before  has  such  an 
enormous  sum  of  money  been  spent,  never  before  have  so 
many  men  been  under  one  authority,  and  never  before  has 
such  a  gigantic  enterprise  been  carried  forward  to  such  a 
successful  end  with  so  little  friction  and  with  so  little  cause 
for  complaint.  It  is  jDleasant  to  record  the  fact  that  a  large 
number  of  those  who  were  responsible  for  the  great  success 
of  this  the  greatest  of  all  international  expositions,  whether 
in  the  local  directory  or  in  positions  of  executive  manage- 
ment, were  men  of  Massachusetts.  Including  the  Director- 
General,  there  were  in  positions  of  high  responsibility  and 
trust,  as  heads  of  departments  or  as  the  controlling  spirit 
in  many  of  the  bureaus,  men  born  within  the  Commonwealth. 

To  them  and  to  their  associates  are  due  the  thanks  of  the 
people  of  the  United  States  for  that  intelligence  and  patient 
perseverance,  in  the  face  of  obstacles  the  nature  of  which 
the  stranger  knew  not  of,  as  well  as  for  that  untiring  and 
self-sacrificing  zeal,  resulting,  out  of  seeming  chaos,  in  that 
startling  whole  which,  by  those  who  saw  it,  will  ever  be  re- 
called as  the  most  beautiful  sight  their  eyes  have  ever  seen. 


182  EEPORT    OF    BOARD    OF 


CONCLUSION. 

The  administration  of  the  State  Building  during  the 
six  months  that  it  was  open  to  the  public  was  a  matter 
of  deep  concern  to  the  Board,  their  one  desire  being 
that  the  buildino;  should  be  so  administered  as  to  em-= 
phasize  a  hearty  welcome  and  true  hospitality,  and  to 
this  end  it  became  necessary  that,  added  to  the  cus- 
todian and  janitorial  service,  which,  of  course,  was 
needed  in  a  building  of  the  kind,  there  should  be  a 
matron  and  assistants,  who,  taking  an  interest  in  the 
building  themselves,  should  be  qualified  to  receive  peo- 
ple heartily  and  cordiall}^,  and,  at  the  same  time,  im- 
part to   the   visitor   some    of    its    historic   spirit. 

There  is  perhaps  no  part  of  the  labors  of  the 
Board  which  its  members  take  more  satisfaction  in 
than  in  the  selection  of  those  who  constantly  and  un- 
complainingly assisted  in  the  reception  of  visitors. 
Realizing  that  this  Exposition  was  truly  an  interna- 
tional one,  and  feeling  sure  that  among  the  visitors  to 
the  building  would  be  people  of  many  nationalities,  the 
Board  included  among  those  who  assisted  them  a  lady 
from  the  Chicago  University  thoroughly  acquainted  with 
several  languages.  That  this  decision  was  a  wise  one 
could,  perhaps,  be  evidenced  in  no  better  way  than   by 


WORLD'S    FAIR    MANAGERS.  183 

stating  the  fact  that  the  services  of  this  assistant  were 
frequently  asked  for  by  representatives  of  foreign  gov- 
ernments. 

To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  W.  K.  Stockdale,  custodian  and 
matron,  respectively,  of  the  Massachusetts  State  Build- 
ing, the  Board  desire  to  express  their  thanks  for  their 
constant  and  unselfish  attention  to  the  duties  of  their 
office,  as  well  as  for  the  care  which  they  ever  gave  to 
the  State  Building.  To  the  words  of  satisfaction  and 
thanks  which  members  of  the  Board  have  frequently 
heard  expressed  by  visitors  to  the  Exposition,  to  and 
of  Mrs.  Hinckley,  Miss  Wallace  and  Miss  Scudder,  the 
Board  desire  to  add  their  expression  of  thanks  for  the 
unfailing  and  kindly  co-operation  which  these  ladies 
constantly  gave  them,  and  to  the  Misses  Macdonald, 
who,  from  almost  the  day  of  the  appointment  of  the 
Board  until  after  the  first  of  January,  1894,  were  con- 
stantly in  the  office  of  the  Massachusetts  Board  of 
World's  Fair  Managers,  the  Board  cannot  express  too 
deeply  their  thanks  for  the  devotion  which  they  gave  to 
the  interests  of  the  office.  Only  the  members  of  the 
Board,  by  whom  the  Misses  Macdonald  were  constantly 
employed,  can  have  any  due  appreciation  of  the  ser- 
vices which  they  rendered  to  the  Commonwealth. 

The  Board  feel  that  the  State  was  singularly  for- 
tunate in  securing  such  a  corps  of  assistants  for  the 
trying  season  while  the  Exposition  was  open,  and  they 
are  glad  to  testify  not   only  to   their   own   appreciation 


184      REPOET    OF   WORLD' S   FAIE    MANAGERS. 

of  serrices  rendered  but  to  the  many  words  of  praise 
wMcli  hare  come  to  them  from  those  who  experienced 
kindness  and  thonghtmhiess  from  these  assistants  who 
so  uncomplainingly  and  so  pleasantly  attended  to  the 
tedious  and  ofttimes  perplexing  duties  in  connection 
with  the  administration  of  the  State  Buildins. 


APPENDICES 


[1S5J 


PREFACE   TO   APPENDICES. 

With  reference  to  the  two  appendices,  the  one  contain- 
ing a  list  of  exhibitors  from  the  Commonwealth,  the  other 
the  names  of  those  to  whom  awards  were  granted,  the 
Board  desire  to  say  that  they  cannot  guarantee  their  abso- 
lute accuracy,  though  they  have  endeavored  to  secure  the 
most  trustworthy  information.  Without  such  a  preface  they 
might  justly  be  held  blameworthy  for  issuing,  in  connec- 
tion with  an  official  report,  lists  which  they  cannot  but 
believe  will   be   found   erroneous. 

In  making  out  such  lists  they  have  found,  most  unfor- 
tunately, that  the  official  catalogue  cannot  be  depended  on. 
Supplementary  to  that  publication  they  have  put  themselves 
in  communication  with  the  Bureau  of  Awards  and  with  the 
chiefs  of  the  various  departments,  and  have  endeavored  to 
give  to  the  citizens  of  the  Commonwealth  the  latest  infor- 
mation obtainable.  Their  report  has  been  already  too  long 
delayed,  and  to  them  it  seems  wiser  to  publish  now  than 
to  wait  until  every  possible  inaccuracy  shall  have  been  set- 
tled, a  result  which  in  their  opinion  cannot  be  satisfac- 
torily reached  until  the  final  report  of  the  World's  Colum- 
bian  Commission   shall   be   made   public. 

[187] 


APPENDIX    A. 


LIST  OF  CONTRIBUTORS  TO  THE  COST  AND  FURNISHINGS 
OF  THE  MASSACHUSETTS  STATE  BUILDING. 


MuRDOCK  Parlor  Grate  Company, 

Household  Art  Tile  Company, 

Dexter  Bros.,    .... 

Jordan,  Marsh  &  Co.,     . 

C.  F.  HovEY  &  Co.,  . 

The  Smith  Anthony  Company, 

Lawrence,  "Wilde  &  Co., 

Chickering  &  Co.,    . 

R.  Hollings  &  Co.,  . 

Jacob  "W.  Manning, 

C.  H.  Kip,  .... 

Ford  &  Brooks, 

Irving  &  Casson 


Boston,  .  Andirons,  fireirons,  etc. 

Boston,  .  Tiles. 

Boston,  .  Shingles. 

Boston,  .  Carpets. 

Boston,  .  Linen, 

Boston,  .  Plumbing. 

Boston,  .  Furniture. 

Boston,  .  Pianos. 

Boston,  .  Electric  fixtures. 

Reading,  .  Plants,  shrubs,  etc. 

Boston,  .  Window  screens. 

Boston,  .  Stained  windows. 

Boston,  .  Wood  mantels. 


190 


REPORT    OF   BOARD    OF 


APPENDIX    B. 


LIST   OF  PORTRAITS    LOANED    TO    THE    MASSACHUSETTS 

BOARD  OF  WORLD'S   FAIR   MANAGERS,   WITH 

NAMES  OF  OWNERS. 


POETKAITS. 

John  A.  Andrew,     . 
Ralph  Waldo  Emekson, 
Maria  Mitchell,     . 
Bishop  Ballou, 
Governor  Gore  and  Family, 

Jared  Sparks  (bust), 
Nathaniel  Bowditch,     . 
Benjamin  Franklin, 
John  Hancock, 
Sajml'el  Adams, 
Governor  Wintheop,.    . 
William  Ptnchon,  . 
Charlotte  Cushman, 
Gen.  Henry  Knox,  . 
Hon.  Braddock  Dimmock, 
.Catherine  M.  Smith, 
John  Adams, 
John  Quincy  Adams, 
Charles  Francis  Adams, 
Theophilus  Parsons, 
Col.  Charles  R.  Lowell, 
Gen.  Jos.  Hooker,  . 


Loaned  by 
John  F.  Andrew. 

Commonwealth. 

Cape  Cod  Association. 

Tufts  College. 

Women's  Committee  of 
Boston. 

Prof.  L.  S.  Pickering. 

William  I.  Bowditch. 

Walter  Gilman  Page. 

Walter  Gilman  Page. 

Walter  Gilman  Page. 

AValter  Gilman  Page. 

Rev.  Dr.  Pynchon. 

Caroline  L.  Carr. 

Clarence  W.  Bowen. 

Cape  Cod  Association. 

Rev.  Chas.  A.  Humphreys. 

Adams  Academy. 

John  Quincy  Adams. 

John  Quincy  Adams. 

Miss  M.  S.  Parsons. 

Mrs.  Samuel  Putnam. 

Commonwealth. 


WORLD'S   PAIR  MANAGERS. 


191 


Portraits. 
Gen.  E.  V.  Sumner, 

Gen.  Charles  Devens, 

RuFus  Choate, 

Robert  C.  Winthrop, 

Dr.  Henry  J.  Bigelow,. 

Dr.  Jacob  Bigelow, 

Gen.  "VVm.  F.  Bartlett, 

Prof.  Benjamin  Pierce, 

Gov.  William  E.  Russell, 

Jonathan  Edavards, 

James  Russell  Lowell, 

Wendell  Phillips, 

Wm.  Lloyd  Garrison,    . 

John  Lothrop  Motley,  . 

Bishop  Haven, 

George  Cabot, 

Daniel  Webster,     . 

Horace  Mann,  . 

Wm.  E.  Channing, 

Bishop  Brooks, 

Robert  Treat  Paine  (signer  of  the  Declara 
tion  of  Independence),  • 

George  Ticknor,     . 

William  H.  Prescott,     . 

Charles  Sumner, 

Theodore  Parker,  . 

Henry  W.  Longfellow, 

James  Freeman  Clarke, 

Lydia  Maria  Child, 

Maria  Weston  Chapman, 

George  Bancroft,    . 

Rev.  F.  H.  Hedge, 

Professor  Agassiz, 

Lemuel  Shaw,  . 


Loaned  bt 
Commonwealth. 
Frederick  P.  Vinton. 
Mrs.  Ellerton  L.  Pratt. 
Robert  C.  Winthrop. 
W.  Sturgis  Bigelow. 
W.  Sturgis  Bigelow. 
Mrs.  Bartlett. 
Prof.  J.  M.  Pierce. 
E.  C.  Hovey. 
A.  L.  Frothingham,  Jr. 
James  B.  Lowell. 
Mrs.  John  C.  Phillips. 
Francis  J.  Garrison. 
Edward  Motley. 

Rev.    S.    Hunt,    D.D.,    150 
Fifth  Avenue,  N.  Y. 

Henry  Cabot  Lodge. 
Francis  H.  Manning. 
Commonwealth, 
E.  C.  Hovey, 
Robert  Treat  Paine. 

Robert  Treat  Paine, 
Anna  E.  Ticknor, 
Anna  E.  Ticknor. 
Charles  W.  Parker. 
E.  C.  Hovey. 

Annie  Longfellow  Thorp. 
Thomas  C.  Clarke. 
Anne  Whitney. 
Anne  Whitney. 
John  C.  Bancroft. 
Charlotte  A.  Hedge. 
Elizabeth  C.  Agassiz. 
S.  S.  Shaav. 


192 


EEPOKT    OP   BOAED    OF 


ESSEX   INSTITUTE  COLLECTION. 


PORTKAITS. 

John  Endicott, 
Simeon  Bradsteeet, 
Geokge  Peabody,     . 
Joseph  Peabody, 
John  Bekteam, 
Manasset  Cutler,   . 
Nathan  Dane,  . 
William  Gray,  Jr., 
Sir  Richard  Saltonstall, 
Elias  Haskett  Derby, 
Nathaniel  Bowditch, 
Joseph  Story,  . 
Nathaniel  Hawthorne, 
Dr.  William  Paine, 

Joseph  B.  Pelt, 
Wm.  H.  Prescott,    . 

Timothy  Pickering, 

Timothy  Dexter,     . 

Henry  Wheatland, 

Capt.  George  Curtven, 

Rev.  George  Curwen, 

Abigail  (Curwen)  Hawthorne, 

Major  Stephen  Sewell, 

Margaret  (Mitchell)  Sewell, 

Samuel  Curwen, 

Charles  W.  Upham, 

Robert  Rantoul,  Jr. 

John  Carnes,    . 

Geo.  Washington,   . 

Mrs.  Fitch, 


Loaned  bt 
Wm.  Endicott. 

City  of  Salem. 

S.  Endicott  Peabody. 

S.  Endicott  Peabody. 

Essex  Institute. 

Miss  A.  W.  Woodbury. 

Miss  A.  W.  Woodbury. 

Essex  Institute. 

F.  H.  Lee. 

Essex  Institute. 

Essex  Institute. 
Essex  Institute. 
Essex  Institute. 
F.  H.  Lee. 

Essex  Institute. 

Essex  Institute. 

F.  H.  Lee. 
Essex  Institute. 

John  Robinson. 

John  Robinson. 

George  R.  Curwen. 

George  R.  Curwen. 

George  R.  Curwen. 

George  R.  Curwen. 

George  R.  Curwen. 

Essex  Institute. 

Essex  Institute. 

Essex  Institute. 

F.  H.  Lee. 

Essex  Institute. 


WORLD'S   FAIR   MANAGERS. 


193 


A    COLLECTION   OF   PORTRAITS    AND    AUTOGRAPHS    LOANED    BY    MRS 
MARIA   S.    PORTER  OF  BOSTON. 


Nathaniel  Hawthokne. 
Lucy  Larcom. 
James  Russell  Lowell. 
Wm.  Heney  Channing. 
Celia  Thaxter. 
Wm.  Lloyd  Garrison. 
Elizabeth  B.  Peabody. 
Wm.  Dean  Howells. 
Thomas  Bailey  Aldrich. 
Samuel  F.  Smith. 
John  Boyle  O'Reilly. 
Oliver  Wendell  Holmes. 
Edwin  Arnold. 
Jean  Ingelow. 
L.  M.  Alcott. 


Louise  Chandler  Moulton. 

Christopher  P.  Cranch. 

T.  C.  Crawford. 

James  Freeman  Clarke. 

Christine  Rossetti. 

Gabriel  Rossetti. 

Thomas  W.  Parsons. 

Col.  T.  W.  Higginson. 

John  G.  Whittier. 

Bishop  Brooks. 

Robert  Browning. 

H.  B.  Stowe. 

Richard  H.  Dana. 

Anne  Whitney. 

Helen  Hunt  Jackson. 


LIST  OF  SILHOUETTES  LOANED    BY  CHARLES    P.   BOWDITCH. 


Jonathan  Waldo. 
Timothy  Pickering. 
Thomas  Cushing. 
Nathaniel  West. 
Samuel  Sewall. 
Rev.  John  Prince. 
Mrs.  Prince. 
Jonathan  Tucker. 
Mrs.  Tucker. 
Mr.  Bowditch. 


Rev.  Dr.  Lucius  Bolles. 
Rev.  Dr.  T.  Barnard,  Jr. 
Jonathan  P.  Saunders. 
Rev.  Dr.  Bentley. 
Rev.  Mr.  Fisher. 
Benjamin  Pickering. 
Joseph  Peabody. 
John  G.  King. 
Rev.  Dr.  Daniel  HopkinSo 
John  Punchard. 


194: 


EEPORT    OF   BOARD   OF 


APPENDIX   C. 


LIST  OF  EXHIBITORS    FROM    MASSACHUSETTS  TO   WHOM 
AWARDS    WERE  GRANTED. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  MINES  AND    MINING. 
Group  42. 


Name. 

Address. 

Description. 

State  of  Massachusetts, . 

- 

Fossils,  fossil  foot-prints  and  min- 
erals. 

Group 

44. 

State  of  Massachusetts, . 

- 

Stone. 

Group 

46, 

Phoenix  Manuf'g  Co.,    . 

Taunton,  . 

Graphite  crucibles. 

Group 

i9. 

Washburn  &  Moen, 

Worcester, 

Iron  and  steel  bars,  rods  and  wire. 

Group 

51. 

Washburn  &  Moen, 

Worcester, 

Copper  in  ingots,  bars  and  rolled 
alleys  and  products. 

Group 

58. 

Mackey,  H.  S.,      . 

Boston,     . 

Electric  drill,  electric  stone-carrying 
machines. 

Group 

64. 

Bradley  Fertilizer  Co.,  . 

Boston,     . 

Pulverizing  mill. 

WORLD'S   FAIR   MANAGERS. 
Group    68. 


195 


Name. 

Address. 

Description. 

City  of  Lynn,  Mass., 

- 

First  iron  casting  made  in  America. 

DEPARTMENT   OF   MANUFACTURES. 
Group    87. 


Jos.  Burnett  &  Co., 


India  Alkali  Works, 
Washburn  &  Moen, 


Boston, 


Boston,     . 
Worcester, 


Flavoring  extracts,  perfumery,  co- 
logne water,  toilet  water  and  color 
pastes,  sachet  powder  and  lavender 
salts. 

Alkalies. 

Chemists'  and  druggists'  wares  and 
supplies. 


Group 

88. 

Boston  Blacking  Co., 

Boston,     . 

Blackings,  dressings,  stains- and 
leather-patching  cement. 

Dexter  Bros., . 

Boston,     . 

Shingle  stains. 

Gondola  Tanning  Co.,    . 

Boston,     . 

Oakwood  and  chestnut  tanning,  tan- 
ning extract. 

Mitchell  Stain  Manufact- 

Lynn, 

Bottom-finishing  stains  for  boots  and 

uring  Co. 

shoes. 

John  L.  Whiting  &  Co., 

Boston,     , 

Brushes,  material  used  in  the  manu- 
facture of  brushes. 

Wiggins  &  Stevens, 

Maiden,    . 

Sandpaper. 

Henry  Woods  Sons  Co., 

Boston,     . 

Paints. 

Washburn  &  Moen, 

Worcester, 

Painters'  and  glaziers'  supplies. 

Henry  Woods  Sons  Co., 

Boston,     . 

Colors. 

Whitemore  Bros.  &  Co., 

Boston,     . 

Dressings,  blackings,  inks,  polishes. 

L.  L.  Brown  Paper  Co., 

Z.  &  W.  Crane,      , 

Crane  &  Co.,  . 

Crane  Bros.,   . 

Franklin  Typewriter  Co., 
Hurlbm-t  Paper  Mfg.  Co., 
Mills,  Knight  &  Co.,       . 

A.  Lyman  Williston, 
Whiting  Paper  Co., 

Byron  Weston, 


Adams,     . 

Dal  ton, 

Dalton,     . 

Westfield, 

Boston,  . 
South  Lee, 
Boston,     . 

Northampton, 
Hol3^oke, . 

Dalton, 


Record  paper  for  blank  books  and 
county  records. 

Writing  papers,  general  exhibit, 
pasted  boards. 

Bank-note  paper,  bond  paper,  parch- 
ment paper. 

Linen  paper,  writing  paper,  ledger 
paper. 

Franklin  typewriters  on  desks. 

Writing  paper  in  packages  and  boxes. 

Patent  leather-covered  renewable 
memorandum  books,  fancy  leather 
work,  card  and  coin  cases,  wallets. 

Payson's  indelible  ink  for  marking 
linen. 

Bond  paper,  envelopes  and  fine  folded 
writing  paper,  bristol  Ijoard,  ledger 
paper,  flat  paper,  superfine  flat  pa- 
per for  lithographing. 

Ledger  and  record  paper. 


196 


EEPORT    OP   BOAKD    OP 

Group   90. 


Address. 


Description. 


Atlas  Tack  Company,    . 
Derby  &   Kilmer   Desk 

Co. 
Decorative  Art  Society,  . 
Metropolitan  Air  Goods 

Co. 
Mrs.  A.  J.  Peters,  . 
Lowell  School  of  Design, 


Boston,     . 
Boston,     . 

Boston,     . 
Boston,     . 

Jamaica  Plain, 
Lowell,     . 


Pilgrim  spring  bed. 

Derby  roll-top  desk,  office  furniture. 

Embroidery. 

Patent  sofa  and  lounge  beds. 

Embroidered  picture. 

Design  for  Avail  paper  and  lace,  in- 
dustrial exhibit  of  bureau  of  applied 
arts. 


Group    91. 


S.  C.  Blanchard,     . 

Boston,     . 

Plates. 

Lucy  Comins, 

Jamaica  Plain, 

Bonbonniere. 

Fiske,  Homes  &  Co., 

Boston,     . 

Specialties  in  brick  and  terra  cotta. 

Grace  H.  Peck, 

Boston,     . 

Decorated  china. 

M.  J.  Makee, . 

Newton  Centre, 

Decorated  plate. 

The  Low  Art  Tile  Co.,    . 

Chelsea,    . 

Tiles. 

Ella  A.  Richardson, 

Boston,     . 

Vases  and  tiling. 

Group    92. 


Qiiincy  Granite    Manu- 
facturers' Association. 


Monuments,  heading. 


Group   95. 


Continental  StainedGlass 

Works. 
Miss  Flora  McDonald,  . 
Phipps,  Slocum  &  Co.,  . 
Sarah  E.  Whitman, 


Boston, 

Boston, 
Boston, 
Boston, 


Stained  glass. 

Stained  glass  window. 
Stained  glass  window. 
Stained  glass  window. 


Group 

96. 

Mrs.  John  Lowell, . 

Boston,     . 

Carved  oak  chest. 

Group 

97. 

Mrs.  H.  L.  Goodwin,     . 
Pairpont  Mfg.  Co., 

Boston,     . 
New  Bedford,  . 

Spoons,  cups  and  foil. 
Silver-plated  ware. 

Group 

98. 

W.  &  S.  Blackintown,    . 
R.  F.  Simmons  &  Co.,  . 

Attleborough,  . 
Attleborough,  . 

Gold-plated,  silver  and  fancy  charms. 
Gold  and  rolled  plate  chains. 

WORLD'S   PAIR   MAN"AGERS. 


197 


Group 

99. 

Name. 

Address. 

DEScniPTiox. 

American    W  a  1 1  h  a  m 
Watch  Co. 

Washburn  &  Moen, 

Waltham, 

Worcester, 

Watch  movements,  watch  machin- 
ery, decorated  watch  dials,  main- 
springs, non-magnetic  watch  move- 
ments, collective  exhibit  of  watch 
movements  and  machinery,  hair 
springs. 

Watch  movements  and  parts  of 
watches,  watchmakers'  tools  and 
machinery  in  parts. 

Group  100. 


McCallum,  Constable 

Hosiery  Co. 
Nonotuclv  Silk  Co., 


The  Wm.  Skinner  Mfa 
Co. 


Holyoke, . 
Florence, . 


Holj^oke. 


Silk  hosiery  and  tights,  underwear 
and  fancy  caps. 

Corticelli,  spool  silk  and  knitting  cro- 
chet and  wash  silk,  machine  twist, 
silk  underwear,  hosiery. 

Coat  and  cloak  trimmings,  tailors' 
serges,  tailors'  braids. 


Group 

102. 

Appleton  Company, 

Boston,     . 

Cotton  flannels,  bed  ticks. 

Barnaby  Mfg.  Co., 

Fall  River, 

Ginghams. 

Boott  Cotton  Mills, 

Lowell,     . 

Manufacturing  cotton  goods,  brown 
and  finished. 

Clifton  Mfg.  Co.,    . 

Boston,     . 

Brown  cottons. 

Dwight  Mills, 

Chicopee, 

Brown  cottons,  bleached  cottons. 

Davol  Mills,    . 

Fall  River, 

Bleached  muslins. 

Finlayson,  Bousfield   & 

Co. 
Fisher  Mfg.  Co.,     . 

Grafton,  . 

Threads  for  shoes  and  leather. 

Fisherville, 

Cotton  scrims. 

Globe  Yarn  Mills,  . 

Fall  River, 

Yarns. 

Glasgow  Co.,  . 

South    Hadley 
Falls. 

Ginghams. 

Hadley  Co.,    . 

Holvoke, . 

Cotton  yarns,  cotton  threads. 

Knitted  Mattress  Co.,     . 

Canton  Jet.,     . 

Knitted  cotton  fabrics  for  mattresses, 
stair  pads  and  upholstery. 

Lancaster  Mills, 

Clinton,    . 

Ginghams. 

Lyman  Mills, . 

Holyolie, 

Cotton  goods,  bleached  goods. 

J.  R.  Leeson  &  Co., 

Boston,     . 

Shoe  threads. 

Merrimack  Mfg.  Co.,     . 

Lowell,     . 

Printed  cotton  goods. 

Methuen  Co., . 

Methuen, . 

Fancy  cotton  fabrics. 

Naumkeag  Steam  Cotton 

Salem, 

Pequot  bleached  and  brown  muslin, 

Mills. 

Pequot  Naumkeag  twills. 

Pacific  Mills,  . 

Lawrence, 

Printed  dress  fabrics,  dyed  dress  fab- 
rics, cotton  dress  fabrics,  worsted 
dress  fabrics,  woollen   dress   fab- 

Pemberton  Co., 

Lawrence, 

Fancy  cotton  fabrics. 

Sanford  Spinning  Co.,    . 

Fall  River, 

Yarns  for  knit  goods. 

Stevens  Linen  Works,    . 

Webster,  . 

Linen  crash. 

Wamsutta  Mills,    . 

New  Bedford,  . 

Cotton  goods,  shirtin^fs,  sheetings. 

Jos.  W.  Woods  &  Sons, 

Boston,     . 

Plain  and  printed  cotton  flannels, 
buntings,  hollands    and    shirt- 

Whittenton  Mfg.  Co.,     . 

Taunton,  . 

Colored  cotton  fabrics. 

198 


REPORT    OP   BOARD    OP 


Group  103. 


Name. 

Address. 

Description. 

Arlington  Mills,     . 

Lawrence, 

Worsted  yarns,  dress  goods,  coat 
linings,  fine  cotton  yarns  and  men's 
wear  serges. 

Assabet  Mfg.  Co., . 

Maynard, 

Cassimeres,  tricots,  ladies'  cloth,  over- 
coatings, fancy  flannels. 

Ballardvale  Mills,  . 

Ballardvale,     . 

White  flannels. 

Belvidere  Woolen  Co.,   . 

Lowell,     . 

Wool  dress  goods,  wool  flannels. 

Berkeley  Woolen  Co.,    . 

Wales,      . 

Kerseys,  meltons. 

Blackstone  Woolen  Co., 

Blackstone, 

Cassimeres. 

The  Blackinton  Woolen 

North  Adams, . 

Fancy    cassimeres,    fancy     kerseys. 

Co. 

meltons,  tricots,  worsted  suitings, 
trouserings,  cheviots,  woollen  cassi- 
meres. 

City  Mills,      . 

City  Mills, 

Felt  goods. 

Calumet  Woolen  Co.,    . 

Uxbridge, 

Woollen  fancy  cassimeres. 

Connor  Bros., 

Holyoke, . 

Beavers. 

E.  G.  Carlton  &  Sons,    . 

Rochdale, 

Flannels. 

Clinton  Worsted  Co.,     . 

Clinton,    . 

Fancy  worsted  and  trouserings. 

Farr  Alpaca  Co.,    . 

Holyoke, . 

Italian  cloths,  serges. 

Germania  Mills,     . 

Holyoke, . 

Beavers,  kerseys,  overcoatings,  cloak- 

Merrimack  WoolenMills, 

Dracut,    . 

mgs. 
Cloakings,  kerseys,   shawls,  woollen 
goods. 

Massachusetts  Mohair 

Lowell,     . 

Mohan-,  plush,  grained  plush,  Span- 

Plush Co. 

ish  velvet. 

North  Adams  Mfg.  Co., 

North  Adams, . 

Fancy  cassimeres. 

Pacific  Mills,  . 

Lawrence, 

Worsted  goods,  woollen  goods. 

The  Saxon  Worsted  Co., 

Franklin, 

Fancy  worsteds. 

C.  A.  Stevens  &  Co.,      . 

Ware, 

Flannels,  fancy  flannel. 

Stii-ling  Mills, 

Lowell,     . 

Wool  flannels,  cheviots. 

Talbot  Mills,  . 

No.  Billerica,   . 

Woollen  flannels,  dress  goods. 

Washington  Mills, . 

Lawrence, 

Woollen  overcoatings  and  cloakings, 
worsted  suitings,  worsted  yarns. 

Waukenhose  Co.,  . 

Lowell,     . 

Hosiery. 

Group 

104. 

W.  C.  Ash,     . 

Lynn, 

Shoes  and  slippers. 

E.  &  A.  H.  Bacheller  Co., 

Boston,     . 

Boots  and  shoes. 

Herold  E.  Blake,    . 

Haverhill, 

Shoe  tips. 

John  R.  Benton,     . 

Lynn, 

Heels  and  lifts. 

Geo.  M.  Coburn  &  Co., . 

Boston,     . 

Shoes  and  slippers. 

Geo.  C.  Davis, 

Lynn, 

Boots  and  shoes. 

Olivia  P.  Flint, 

Boston,     . 

Corset  waist. 

Geo.  Fuller,    . 

Lynn, 

Ladies'  boots  and  shoes. 

Chas.  K.  Fox, 

Haverhill, 

Shoes  and  slippers. 

France  &  Spinney, 

Lynn, 

Boots  and  shoes. 

Hazen  B.  Goodrich, 

Haverhill, 

Boots,  shoes  and  slippers. 

J.  J.  Groves'  Sons, 

Lynn, 

Shoes. 

L.  P.  Hollander  &  Co.,  . 

Boston,     . 

Boys'  clothing  and  costumes,  ladies' 
clothing,  garments  and  millinery, 
children's  clothing  and  garments. 

Hodgkins  &  Hodijkins, . 

Boston,     . 

Hunting  suit. 

Herbert  &  Rapp  Co.,      . 

Boston,     . 

Shoe  goring. 

F.  E.  Hutchinson, . 

Haverhill, 

Shoes  and  slippers. 

G.  W.  Herrick  &  Co.,     . 

Lynn, 

Boots  and  shoes. 

Chas.  E.  Harwood  &  Co., 

Lynn, 

Soles,  tops  and  counters. 

Messenger  Bros.  &  Sons, 

Boston,     . 

Driving  coat,  double-breasted  box 
coat. 

WOKLD'S   FAIR   MANAGERS. 


199 


Group  104 — Concluded. 


Name. 

Address. 

Descmptiox. 

T.  C.  Plant,    . 

Lynn, 

Ladies'  boots  and  shoes. 

Frank  D.  Somers,  . 

Boston,     . 

Frock  coat,  waistcoat,  trousers. 

J.  S.  Turner,  . 

Rockland, 

Shoes. 

J.    L.    Thompson   Mfg. 

Waltham, 

Shoe  buckles  for  arctic  overshoes  and 

Co. 

heavy  grade  shoes,  belt  fasteners  for 
lacing  belts  on  pulleys. 

Shillaber  &  Co.,      . 

Lynn, 

Boots  and  shoes. 

Worcester  Corset  Co.,    . 

Worcester, 

Corsets. 

Woodman  &  Howes, 

Haverhill, 

Shoes  and  slippers. 

Williams,  Clark  &  Co., 

Lynn, 

Boots  and  shoes. 

Morse  Bros.  &  Co., 

Haverhill, 

Shoes  and  slippers. 

New  Home  Sewing  Ma- 

Orange,   . 

Sewing  machines,  productions. 

chine  Co. 

Thos.  G.  Plant, 

Lynn, 

Shoes. 

Rice  &  Hutchins,    . 

Boston,     . 

Boots  and  shoes. 

RumseyBros., 

Lynn, 

Boots  and  shoes. 

J.  F.  Swain  &  Co. , 

Lynn, 

Boots  and  shoes. 

D.  A.  Sutherland,  . 

Lynn, 

Boots,  ties  and  slippers. 

Group  106. 


Ball  and  Socket  Fastener 

Co. 
A.  L.  Fisk,      . 
M.  P.  Pace,     . 


Boston,     . 

Hingham, 
Danvers,  . 


Fasteners  for  gloves. 

Lace  veil. 
Lace  veil. 


Group  109. 

American  Rubber  Co.,  . 

Boston,     . 

Mackintoshes,  rubber  boots,  rubber 
boots  and  shoes,  rubber  clothing, 
oil  clothing. 

C.  J.  Bailey  &  Co., 

Boston,     . 

Rul)ber  brushes,  rubber  shoes. 

Boston  Belting  Co., 

Boston,     , 

Rul)ber  Ijelting,  rubljer  packing,  rub- 
l^er  hose,  rubber  blankets  and 
aprons,  rubber-covered  rolls,  rub- 
ber car,  wagon  and  c.vlinder 
springs,  rubber  heat  bags,  rubber 
tubing,  rubber  mallets,  rubber 
mattings,  mats  and  treads,  rub- 
ber soling,  gaskets,  rings  and 
deckle  straps. 

Boston  Rubber  Shoe  Co., 

Boston,     • 

Rubber  boots  and  shoes. 

Stoughton  Rubber  Co., . 

Boston,     . 

Men's  rubber  mackintoshes,  boys' 
mackintoshes,  ladies'  and  men's 
mackintoshes. 

A.  J.  Towers, . 

Boston,     . 

Oiled  or  waterproof  clothing. 

Washburn  &  Moen, 

Worcester, 

Insulating  compounds. 

Group  110. 


Morton  E.  Converse  & 

Co. 
Miss  E.  S.  Colby,  . 
Parker  Bros., . 


Winchendon, 

Boston,     . 
Salem, 


Wooden  toys,  wooden  novelties. 

Game. 

Children's    toys,    children's    games, 

authors,    bagatelle,     office    boy, 

checkers,  chess. 


200 


EEPORT   OF   BOARD    0¥ 


Group 

111. 

Name. 

Address. 

Descmption. 

Kistler,  Lech  &  Co., 
Lyman  Smith's  Sons  Co., 

Shaw  Leather  Co., . 
R.  E.  Williard,       . 

Boston,     . 
Norwood, 

Boston,     . 
Lynn, 

Sole  leather. 

Sheep  and  lamb  skins,  sheep  skin, 

bindings  and  linings. 
Upper  leather,  shoes. 
Soles  and  leather. 

Group  112. 


Hersey  Mfg.  Co., 


Boston, 


Water  meters. 


Group  113. 


Smith  &  "Wesson,  . 


Springfield,      .    Revolvers 


Group  115. 

Edward  Atkinson, 

Boston,     . 

The  Aladdin  oven. 

Magee  Furnace  Co., 

Boston,     . 

Restaurant  ranges,  warm-air  heating 
fiirnace,  ranges,  parlor  stoves,  hot- 
air  and  hot-water  combination 
furnace. 

Middleby  Oven  Co., 

Boston,     . 

Portable  brick  bake  oven,  combined 
baker  and  cake  frier. 

Ridge wav  Fm-nace  Co., 

Boston,     . 

Warm-air  furnace. 

Smith  &  Anthony  Stove 

Boston,     . 

Steam  and   hot- water  heaters,  fur- 

Co. 

naces. 

Wood  &  Sherwood  Co., 

Lowell, 

Wire  household  goods,  strainers, 
broilers,  egg  whip,  soap  brackets. 

Group  116. 


National    Key    Opening 

Can  Co. 
A.  D.  Puffer  &  Sons,      . 

Chelsea,    . 
Boston,     . 

Key-opening  can. 

Soda  water  apparatus  and  all  appli- 

Smith &  Anthony  Stove 

Co. 
Jas.  W.  Tufts, 

Boston,     . 

ances. 

Kettles. 

Boston,     . 

Soda  water  apparatus  and  appurte- 

The Low  Art  Tile  Co.,   . 

Chelsea,    . 

nances. 
Soda  fountain  (art  tile). 

Group  117. 


Clinton  Wire  Cloth  Co., 
Translucent  Fabric  Co., 


Clinton, 
Clinton, 


Wire  cloth,  fancy  and  galvanized 
wire,  wii'e  nettings,  fencing  wire 
cloth. 

Translucent  fabrics,  transoms. 


WORLD'S   FAIR   MANAGERS.  201 

Group    117  —  Concluded. 


Name. 

Addkess. 

DliSCKIl'TION. 

Washburn  &  Moen  Mfg. 
Co. 

Worcester, 

Round  wire  springs,  flat  steel  springs, 
round,   angular  and  convey   card 
wires,  special  improved  plough  steel 
wire  for  suspension  bridge  cables,  pa- 
tent crucible  and  plough  steel  rope 
wire,  telegraph  and  telephone  wire. 

Group  118. 


Putnam  Nail  Co., 
John  Hogan,  . 


Boston,     • 
Fitch  burg. 


Horseshoe  nails. 
Horseshoes. 


Group  119. 


Oliver  Ames  &  Sons  Co., 

Atlas  Tack  Co.,      . 
American    Improved 
Wrench  Co. 

Barney  &  Berry,     . 
Blount  Mfg.  Co.,    . 

Chas.  Buck,  . 
Buck  Bros.,  . 
Coburn    Trolley    Track 

Mfg.  Co. 
Geo.  E.  Davis, 

Norton  Door  Check  and 

Spring  Co. 
Snell  Mfg.  Co., 
Simons  Mfg.  Co.,  . 

J.  R.  Torrev  Razor  Co., 
J.    S.    Thompson    Mfg. 

Co. 
Washburn  &  Moen, 


North  Easton, , 

North  Easton, 
North  Easton, 


Springfield, 
Boston,     . 

Millbury, 
Millbury, 
Holyoke, . 

BarringtonCen- 

tre. 
Boston,     . 

Fiskdale, . 
Fitchburg, 

Worcester, 
Waltham, 

Worcester, 


Shovels,    spades,     scoops,    drainage 

tools. 
Tacks  and  brads. 
Double  screw-jawpipe  wrench,  double 

screw   wrench,    saving   time    and 

labor. 
Ice  and  roller  skates. 
Door  checks,  springs  and  stops,  sash 

locks. 
Edge  tools. 

Light  edge  tools,  chisels. 
Parlor,  barn  and  fire-door  hangings. 

Graters. 

Automatic  door  checks  and  springs. 

Boring  tools. 

Crescent-ground  cross-cut  saw,  saw- 
set. 
Razors. 
Rivets  for  shoe,  harness,  trunks,  etc. 

Builders'  hardware.    Artistic  display 
and  completeness  of  exhibit. 


Group  120. 


Smith  &  Anthony  Stove    Boston, 
Co. 


Water  closets,  sinks,  sanitary  traps. 


Group 

121. 

American    Improved 

Wrench  Co. 
Mrs.  Harriet  Browne,     . 
Meyer  Putz  Pomade  Co., 

Standard  Rivet  Co., 

Boston,     . 

Boston,     . 
Boston,     . 

Boston,     . 

Heading  machine  for  scarf  and  stick 

pins. 
Dress-cutting  system. 
Liquid  Putz  pomade  (brass  polish), 

silver  polish  (Putz  paste). 
Rivets  for  leather. 

202 


EEPOKT    OF   BOARD    OF 

Group    121 — Concluded. 


STame. 

Adurkss. 

Description. 

Mrs.  B.  A.  Stearns, 

"Woburn,  . 

Dress-cutting  system. 

Otis  C.  White, 

Worcester, 

Adjustable  extension  movement  in 
ball-and-socket  joints,  electric  lamp 
supporters,  sui-gical  instrument 
holders.,  swivelling  and  clamping 
cane  joints,  adjustable  and  exten- 
sion ball-and-socket  joints. 

Whitmore  Bros.,     . 

Boston,     . 

Stool  and  foot  rest  for  shoe  store 
salesmen. 

DEPARTMENT  OF   MACHINERY. 
Group  69. 


Ashton  Valve  Co., 
Hancock  Inspirator  Co., 
Hersey  Mfg.  Co.,   . 
Mills,  John  H.,       . 
Puffer,  A.  D.,  &  Sons,    . 

Tripp  Metallic  Packing 

Co. 
Tufts,  James  W.,  . 
Wain  Wright  Mfg.  Co.,    . 

Washburn  &  Moen, 

Walworth  Mfg.  Co.,       . 

White,  Otis  C, 


Boston,     . 
Boston,     . 
South  Boston, 
Boston,     . 
Boston,     . 

Boston,     . 

Boston,     . 
Boston,     . 

Worcester, 

Boston,     . 

Worcester, 


Pop  safety  valves. 

Inspirators  for  feeding  steam-boilers. 

Rotary  pumps. 

Mills  sectional  cast-iron  boiler. 

Bottling  machinery,  soda  water  ap- 
paratus. 

Metallic  packing  for  piston  rods  and 
valve  stem. 

Carbonating  machinery. 

Surface  condenser  and  feed  water 
heater. 

Apparatus  for  the  transmission  of 
power. 

Brass  and  iron  valves,  cocks  and  fit- 
tings for  steam,  water  and  gas. 

Adjustable  expansion  movement  in 
ball-and-socket  joints  as  applied  to 
machinery. 


Group  70. 


Coburn    Trolley    Track    Holyoke, 
Mfg.  Co. 


Sliding  or  travelling  ladder. 


Group  71. 

American  Tool  Co., 

Boston,     . 

Brass  finishing,  lathe  and  oil  separa- 
tor. 

Brainard  Milling 

Ma- 

Hyde  Park,      . 

No.  12  and  14  tool-room,  milling  ma- 

chine Co. 

chine;  No.  1,  3,  4J  standard,  uni- 
versal milling  machine,  upright 
plain  milling  "machine,  horizontal 
plain  milling  machine,  long  feed 
milling  machine,  cam  cutting  ma- 
chine,"small  milling  cutter  grinder, 
gear  cutting  machine. 

Eaton,  Geo.  H.,  &  Co., . 

Boston,     . 

Power  presses. 

Hurlburt,    Rogers 

Ma- 

South  Sudbury, 

Cutting  off  and  centring  machine. 

chine  Co. 

Morse  Twist  Drill 

and 

New  Bedford,  . 

Twist  drills,  taps  and  dies,  milling 

Machine  Co. 

cutters,  reamers  and  chucks. 

WORLD'S   PAIR   MANAGERS. 

Group   71  —  Concluded. 


203 


Name. 

Address. 

Bkscription. 

Prentice  Bros., 

Worcester, 

Screw  cutting  engine  lathes,  upright 
drilling  machines. 

Reed,  F.  E.,  &  Co., 

Worcester, 

Standard  lathes. 

Stark,  John,   . 

Waltham, 

Lathes. 

Walworth  Mfg.  Co., 

Boston,     . 

Machine  for  tapping  street  main 
under  pressure,  tools  for  cutting 
and  threading  pipe,  taps,  dies  and 
wrenches. 

Group 

72. 

Barrows,  A.,  . 

Brockton, 

Last  and  shoe  rack. 

Bertrand  Lock  Stitch 

Boston,     . 

Lock  stitch  welt  sewing  machine. 

Sewing  Machine  Co. 

Boston  Lasting  Machine 

Co. 
Brett,  Henry  W.,   . 

Boston,     . 

Boot  and  shoe  lasting  machines. 

Boston,     . 

Shoe  upper  cementing  machine. 

Bresnahan,  Maurice  Y., 

Lynn, 

Automatic  boot  and  shoe  sole  lev- 

& Co. 

eller. 

Busell  Trimmer  Co., 

Boston,     . 

Edge  trimmer. 

Chase  Lasting  Machine 

Co. 
Cheney   Bigelow  Wire 

Boston,     . 

Shoe  lasting  machine. 

Springfield, 

Paper  makers'  wires. 

Works. 

Crompton  Loom  Works, 

Worcester, 

Looms. 

Consolidated  Hand 

Boston,     . 

Shoe  lasting  machine. 

Method   Lasting    Ma- 

chine Co. 

Fifield,  C.  S.,  &  Co.,      . 

Boston,     . 

Shoe  machinery. 

Flagg  Mfg.  Co.,      . 

Boston,     , 

Inseam  trimming  machine. 

Foster  Machine  Co., 

Westfield, 

Carpet  making  machinery. 

Globe  Buffer  Co.,    . 

Boston,     . 

Shoe  machinery. 

Goodyear  Shoe  Machin- 

Boston,     . 

Shoe  making  machinery. 

eryCo. 

Harlow,  Chas.  F.,  &  Co., 

Boston,     . 

Union  steam  furnisher. 

Hartford  Bros., 

Boston,     . 

Sole  rounding  and  pattern  drafting 
machine. 

Hemingway  Bros., 

Lynn, 

Shoe  machinery. 

Hupper  E.  A., 

Lynn, 

Shoe  racks. 

Jamieson,   S.  W.,  Boot 

Boston,     . 

Boot  and  shoe  crimping  machine. 

and     Shoe     Crimping 

" 

Machine. 

Knowles  Loom  Works, . 

Worcester, 

Looms. 

Leeson,  J.  R.,  &  Co., 

Boston,     . 

Universal  winding  machine  for 
thread,  yarn  and  wire. 

Amogen  Machine  Co.,    . 

Boston,     . 

Leather  skiving  machine. 

Littleton,  L.  M.,     . 

Brockton, 

Heel  seat  beading  machine. 

Lowell  Machine  Shop,    . 

Lowell,     . 

Exhibit  of  cotton  manufacturing 
machinery. 

Lufkin,  John  W.,  . 

Boston,     . 

Two-vamp  folding  machine. 

Marshall  Engine  Co.,     . 

Turner's  Falls, 

Refining  engine  for  paper  making. 

Marshall,  H.  T.,     . 

Brockton, 

Straight  folding  machine. 

McKay  &  Biglow,  H.  M. 

Boston,     , 

Heel  compressing  and  heeling  ma- 

Co. 

chinery. 

Miller,  0.  A., . 

Brockton, 

Boot  and  shoe  trees  and  treeing  ma- 
chines. 

Morley  Button    Sewing 

Boston,     . 

Shoe  button  sewing  machine. 

Machine  Co. 

Naumkeag  Buffing  Ma- 

Beverly,  . 

Buffing  machine. 

chine  Association. 

204 


REPORT    OF   BOARD    OF 

Group  12— Concluded. 


Name. 

Address. 

Description. 

Norris,  T.  A.,  Machine 

Co. 
New  Home  Sewing  Ma- 

Brockton, 

Heel  breat  finishing  machine. 

Orange,    . 

Tailor  sewing  machine. 

chine  Co. 

Paragon  Needle  Co., 

Boston,     . 

Paragon  vamp  marker. 

Reese  Button  Hole  Ma- 

Boston,    . 

Button-hole  machinery. 

chine  Co. 

Holt,  J.  S.,  &  Co., . 

Boston,     . 

Boot  and  shoe  monogram  stamping 
and  boot  and  shoe  bottom  polish- 
ing roll. 

Saunders,  S.  L., 

Lynn, 

Shoe  racks. 

Sawyer  Leather  Ma- 

Boston,    . 

Leather-measuring  machine. 

chinery  Co. 

Stanley  Mfg.  Co.,  . 

Boston,     . 

Boot  and  shoe  machine. 

Steam  Heated  Horn  Co., 

Boston,     . 

Steam-heated  horn  for  soling  ma- 
chines, attachments  for  sole  sewing 
machines. 

Standard  Rivet  Co., 

Boston,     . 

Standard  rivet  machines. 

Stoddard  Crimping  Ma- 

Boston,    . 

Shoe-crimping  machine. 

chine  Co. 

Swain  &  Fuller  Mfg.  Co., 

Boston,     . 

Boot  and  shoe  machinery. 

Thompson,   Judson    L., 

Waltham, 

Machines  for  driving  rivets. 

Mfg.  Co. 

Trip  Giant  Leveler  Co., 

Lynn, 

Giant  leveling  machine. 

Tubular  Rivet  Co., 

Boston,     . 

Riveting  and  rivet-setting  machines. 

Union  Heel  Trimmer 

Co. 
Union  Leather  Measur- 

Boston,    . 

Busell  heel  trimmer. 

Peabody, . 

Leather-measm-ing  machine. 

ing  Machine  Co. 

Union  Edge  Setter  Co.., . 

Boston,     . 

Edge-setting  machines. 

Vaughn  Machinery  Co., 

Salem, 

Hide  and  leather  working  machinery. 

Wire  Grip  and  Fastening 

Boston,     . 

Clinching  and  slugging  machinery. 

Machinery  Co. 

Worcester,  A.,  &  Sons,  . 

Boston,     . 

Brushes  for  the  manufactiu'e  of  boots 
and  shoes. 

Group   73. 


SimondsMfg.  Co., 


Woods,  S.  A.,  Machine 
Co. 


Fitchbur.c 


Boston, 


Process  of  tempering  saw  blades, 
form  of  inserted  saw  teeth  in  cu'- 
cular  saws,  various  wood  saws  and 
milling  saws,  cutting  knives. 

Planing  and  matching  machines, 
flooring  machines,  moulding  ma- 
chines," band  saw,  self-feed  rip  saw, 
resaw  for  siding  shop  siu'face  planer, 
cabinet  sm'face  planer,  double  sur- 
facer  and  timber  sizer,  inside 
moulding  machine. 


Group    74. 


Child  Acme  Cutter  and 

Press  Co. 
Elliott  Machine  Co., 

Golding&Co., 

Mclndoe  Bros., 


Boston,    . 
Georgetown, 
Boston,     . 
Boston,    . 


Self-clamping  paper-cutting  machine. 

Thread  stitching  and  tying  machine 
for  books  and"  pamphlets. 

Platen  printing  presses,  i^rinting  ma- 
terial. 

Cylinder  printing  press  for  printing 
from  half-tone  and  other  engravings . 


WORLD'S   FAIR   MANAGERS. 


205 


Group  77. 


Name. 

Address. 

Description. 

Crosby  Steam  Gauge  and 

Boston,     . 

Stationary,  marine    and    locomotive 

Valve  Co. 

pop  safety  valves,  feed  water  regu- 
lator and  revolution  counter,  steam 
engine  indicator,  single  spring 
gauge,  doulile  spring  gauge  and 
water  line  syphon  valve,  pressure 
gauge  tester. 

Faneuil  Watch  Tool  Co., 

Boston,     . 

Bench  lathes  and  attachments,  watch- 
makers' lathes  and  attachments, 
staking  tools  and  the  rivet  patent 
friction  clutch,  watchmakers'  lathe 
and  attachments. 

Northampton     Emery 

Leeds, 

Emery  wheels. 

Wheel  Co. 

Norton    Emery    Wheel 

Worcester, 

Emery   wheels,  tool-room    grinding 

Co. 

machine,  twist  drill  grinding  ma- 
chine. 

Group  79. 


Hersey  Mfg.  Co., 


South  Boston, 


Standard  sugar  dryer    and    granu- 
lator,  cube  sugar  press. 


DEPARTMENT  OF    AGRICULTURE. 
Group  3. 


Charles  G.  Stebbins, 
Frank  0.  Williams, 
Walter    M.    Lowney    & 
Co. 


South  Deerfield, 
Sunderland, 
Boston,     . 


Maple  syrup. 
Maple  syrup. 
Chocolate  bonbons. 


Group  6. 


E.  T.  Cowdrey, 
North  Packing  and  Pro- 
vision Co. 
J.W.H.  Huckins&Co., 


Canned  meats  and  canned  soups. 
Meats  in  pickle,  dry  salt,  sausages 

and  bacon  meats. 
Canned  meats  and  soups. 


Group  7. 


Simpson,  Mclntire  &  Co., 


Butter  in  hermetically  sealed  pack 
ages  for  hot  climates. 


Group  8. 


Massachusetts  State  Agri- 
cultural Exhibit. 
AValter  Baker  &  Co.,      . 
Nester  Gianachs,    . 


Boston, 
Boston, 


Leaf  tobacco. 

Chocolate  and  cocoa. 
Egyptian  cigarettes. 


206 


EEPOET    OF   BOARD    OF 
Group  9. 


Name. 

Address.                                    Description. 

Chase  Cotton  Gin  Co.,  . 
Eagle  Cotton  Gin  Co.,  . 

Milford,  . 
Bridgewater,    . 

Cotton  gin  rotary  stripper  roller. 
Cotton  machinery. 

Group  11. 

Gushing  Process  Co.,     . 

Boston,     . 

Patent  process  for  purifying  liquors 
or  spirits. 

Group  14. 

Washburn  &  Moen, 

Worcester, 

Barbed  fence  wire  and  bale  ties. 

Group  17, 

North  Packing  and  Pro-    Boston,     . 

vision  Co. 
Crystal  Gelatine  Co.,      .    Boston,     . 


Fertilizer. 

Gelatines  and  coffee  settler. 


Group  18. 


North  Packing  and  Pro- 
vision Co. 


Boston,     .        .    Lard  and  lard  oil. 


Live  Stock. 


Francis  Shaw, 
C.  I.  Hurt,       . 


Guernse.y  cattle,  bull,  three  years  or 

over ;  second  premium. 
Jersey  cattle,  cow,  four  years  or  over  ; 

third  premium. 


DEPARTMENT    OF    TRANSPORTATION. 
Group  80. 


Old  Colony  Railroad  Co., 

Boston,     . 

Passenger  locomotive  and  historical 
exhibit. 

Norton,  A.  0., 

Boston,     . 

Lifting  jacks. 

Burnham    &    Duggan 

Boston,     . 

Switch. 

Pi-.R.  Appliance  Co. 

Boston  &  Lockport  Block 

Boston,     , 

Wooden  and  steel  blocks  for  railroad 

Co. 

use. 

Eastman  Heater  Co., 

Boston,     . 

Heater  and  ventilator  car,  refrigerator 

.Jewett  Supply  Co., 

Boston,     . 

Anti-friction  device  for  passenger  car. 

Col)urii    Trolley    Track 

Holj'oke, . 

Overhead  carrying  track. 

Mfg.  Co. 

Ashton  Valve  Co., 

Boston,     . 

Pop  safety  valve. 

Bird  &  Son,  F.  W., 

East  Walpole,  . 

Waterproof  fabrics. 

WORLD'S   FAIR   MANAGERS. 


207 


Group  81. 

Name. 

Address. 

Description. 

Lambeth    Cotton    Rope 

Co. 
Bemis  Car  Box  Co., 
Robinson  Electric  Truck 

and  Supply  Co. 
Washburn  &  Moen, 

New  Bedford,  . 

Springfield, 
Boston,     . 

Worcester, 

Lambeth  cotton  rope. 

Electrical  motor  truck. 
Electric  radial  truck. 

Cables  for  street  railways. 

Group  83. 

Hickory  Wheel  Co., 

Newton,   . 

Sulky,  hickory  bicycles. 

Amesbury  Carriage  Co., 

Amesburj^ 

Exercising  break. 

United  States  Whip  Co., 

Westfield, 

Whips  and  whip  machinery,  oak  and 
hickory  sticks,  woven  horse  lining, 
vulcanized  rubber  and  eel  skin. 

Dalzell  Axle  Co.,    . 

South  Egre- 
mont. 

Fine  carriage  axles. 

Currier,  Cameron  &  Co., 

Amesbury, 

Spider  phaeton. 

Simonds     Rolling     Ma- 

Fitchburg, 

Steel  balls  and  steel  rolled  specialties. 

Washburn  &  Moen, 

Worcester, 

Bicycle  spokes. 

Folger  &  Drummond,   . 

Amesbury, 

Saloon  trap. 

Briggs  Carriage  Co., 

Amesbury, 

Trap. 

Clarkson  &  Co.,  J.  T.,    . 

Amesbury, 

Crown  Prince  trap. 

Biddle,  Smart  &  Co.,      . 

Amesbury, 

"Columbus"  trap. 

Parry  &  Co.,  A.  N  , 

Amesbury, 

"  The  Brentwood  "  carriage  and  "  The 
Myopia"  carriage. 

Bailey  &  Co.,  S.  R., 

Amesbury, 

Essex  trap  and  whalebone  road 
wagon. 

Neal  &  Bolser, 

Amesbury, 

Lenox  cart. 

Osgood  Morrill, 

Amesbury, 

Brunswick  trap. 

Group   85. 


Richardson,  Chas.  M.,  . 
Cape  Ann  Anchor  Works, 
Boston  and  Lock  port 

Block  Co. 
Meaney,  John, 

Old  Colony  S.S.  Co.,      . 
Clark,  Edw.  S.,       . 
Essex  Institute  and  Pea- 
body  Academy. 

Stewart  &  Binney, . 

Washburn  &  Moen, 


Gloucester, 
Gloucester, 
Boston,     . 

Boston,    . 

Boston,  . 
Boston,  . 
Salem, 


Boston,     . 
Worcester, 


Steering  apparatus. 

Anchors. 

Yacht  and  vessel  supplies,  pump  and 

blocks. 
Rowing-seat  roller,   steering  gear, 

stretcher,  etc. 
Steamer  "Puritan." 
Steam  engines,  boilers  and  propellers. 
Historical  pictiires  of  Salem  vessels 

and  pictures  of  events  in  marine 

history  of  Salem. 
Models  of  yachts,   pilot   boats   and 

fishermen. 
Steel  hawsers,  steel  ropes  and  galvan- 
ized wire  and  wire  ropes  for  ships' 

rissins. 


208 


REPORT    OF   BOARD    OF 


DEPARTMENT  OF  FISH  AND   FISHERIES. 
Group  37. 


Name. 

Address. 

Description. 

John  R.  Neal  &  Co.,      . 

Gloucester    Board    of 
Trade. 

Boston,     . 
Gloucester, 

Casts  of  fishes,  charts  of  fishing 
grounds  (collective  exhibit). 

Algae,  sponges  and  corals,  shells,  sea 
plant  and  formations,  charts  and 
maps  (collective  exhibit) . 

Group 

38. 

John  R.  Neal  &  Co.,      . 

Boston,     . 

Fishing  lines,  trawls,  fish  hooks,  gill 
nets,  nets,  seines,  models,  tish 
traps,  needles,  fishing  implements, 
buoys,  pictures,  boats,  etc. 

Gloucester    Board    of 

Gloucester, 

Models    of   fishing   vessels,    ancient 

Trade. 

and  modern  nautical  instruments, 
charts,  compasses,  glasses,  marine 
clocks,  alarms  and  signals,  pictures, 
statistics,  fishing  lines,  nets  and 
seines,  lamps,  lanterns,  buoys, 
anchors,  etc. 

J.  W.  Marston  &  Co.,    . 

Boston,     . 

Illustration  of  lobster  industry,  gear 
pots,  traps,  models  of  wells  and 
cars. 

American  Net  and  Twine 

Boston,     , 

Seines,     nets,     twines,     models     of 

Co. 

seines,  traps  and  nets,  netting, 
buoys,  cordage,  trawls,  needles, 
pictm-es,  twine,  weirs  (collective 
exhibit) . 

Group 

40. 

John  R.  Neal  &  Co.,      . 

Boston,     . 

Pictrires  of  models  of  curing  estab- 
lishments, cod  liver  oil,  cured  fish 
and  fishing  implements,  fish  curing 
tools,  canned  finnan  baddies. 

Gloucester    Board    of 

Gloucester, 

Models  of  fish-curing  plants,  dried 

Trade. 

fish,  also  salted,  smoked  and  cured 
pickled  fish,  barrels,  tubs,  kits,  etc. 

J.  W.  Marston  &  Co.,    . 

Boston,     . 

Model  of  lobster  cooking  establish- 
ment, model  of  lobster  market. 

A.  H.  Bailey, . 

Boston,     . 

Bailey's  extract  (patent)  of  clams. 

Russian  Cement  Co.,      . 

Gloucester, 

Fish  glue,  mucilage,  fertilizer,  hats, 
bonnets  and  shoes  in  which  La 
Page's  glue  is  used,  fish  skins  from 
which  the  glue  is  made. 

Gloucester  Isinglass  and 

Boston,     . 

Fish  glue,  fish  fertilizer,  glazed  paper. 

Glue  Co. 

adhesive  plaster,  corn  plaster, 
labels,  envelopes,  fish  skins  used 
in  making  glue,  etc. 

E.  K.  Burnham,     . 

Gloucester, 

Canned  mackerel. 

Wm.  F.  Nve, 

New  Bedford,  . 

Watch,  clock  and  chronometer  oil. 

Ezra  Kelley,  . 

New  Bedford,  . 

Fish  oil  for  watches  and  small  ma- 
chinery. 

WORLD'S   PAIE   MAN^AGEKS. 


209 


DEPARTMENT  OF  ETHNOLOGY. 


Peabody   Museum  of 
Archaeology. 


Prof.  Eben  N.  Horsford, 
Albert  Rosenthal,  . 
George  Hunt  (collector), 
E.  H  Thompson,  . 

Mrs.  Emma  Patten  (col- 
lector). 

Geo.  A.  Dorsey  (col- 
lector) o 


State  of  Massachusetts, 
Fred.  A.  Ober, 

Thomas  Cummings, 

Hadji  Ephriam  Benguiat, 


])KSCMPTION. 


Plans  of  the  Peabody  Museum,  pub- 
lications, etc.,  archajological  col- 
lection from  Penobscot  valley, 
Maine,  casts  and  photos  of  ancient 
monuments  of  Honduras,  model  of 
Serpent  Mound,  model  of  Turner, 
group  of  earthworks,  charts  illus- 
trating reconstruction  of  Mexican 
calendar,  study  of  Omaha  Indian 
music,  ethnological  collection  from 
Nez  Perc6s  Indians. 

Maps,  charts  and  books  relating  tO' 
voyages  of  Norsemen. 

Engraved  portraits  of  members  of 
Continental  Congress. 

Kwakiutl  house,  families  of  KwakiutI 
Indians. 

Fac-simile  of  portions  of  the  ruins  of 
Yucatan. 

Pioneer  log  cabin. 

Collection  of  crania  from  Peru, 
earthenware  and  w  o  o  d  e  n  w  a  r  e 
vessels,  pottery  from  northern 
Peru,  contents  of  one  hundred 
graves,  contents  of  eleven  graves, 
garments,  implements,  weapons, 
etc.,  contents  of  fifteen  graves,  con- 
tents of  five  graves,  ruins  and 
ancient  burying  ground  of  ancient 
Peru,  pottery,  gold,  silver  and 
copper  ornaments,  garments,  clay 
images,  looms,  spindles,  etc> 

Colonial  exhibit,  historical  collection. 

Photos  of  places  identified  with 
voj^ages  of  Columbus. 

Model  in  plaster  of  monument  to 
Columbus. 

Ceremonial  objects  of  the  Jewisli 
religion. 


DEPARTMENT   OF   FINE   ARTS. 
Group  139.  — Sculpture. 


Kitson,  Henry  H. 


Boston,     . 


Music  of  the  Sea  (bronze).  Portrait 
Bust  (marble),  Christ  Crucified 
(plaster).  The  Age  of  Stone  (plas- 
ter). 


Group  140.— Oil  Paintings. 


Benson,  Frank  W. 


Figure  in  White,  Portrait  in  White, 
Girl  with  a  Red  Shawl. 


210 


EEPORT   or   BOARD    OF 


Group  140.  —  Oil  Paintings  —  Concluded. 


Xajie. 

Address. 

Descpjption. 

Tarbell,  Edmund  C,     . 
Vinton,  Frederick  P.,    . 

Boston,     . 
Boston,     . 

Girl  and  Horse,  In  the  Orchard,  My 
Sister  Lydia. 

Portrait  of  a  Lady,  Portrait  of 
Augustus  riagg,  Portrait  of  Theo- 
dore Chase,  Portrait  of  C.  C.  Lang- 
dell. 

Group  141.— "Water  Colors. 


Sears,  Sarah  C.  (Mrs.),    Boston, 


A  Spanish  Girl,  Portrait,  Romola. 


Group  143.  — Engravings,  Etchings  and  Prints. 


Closson,  W.  B., 


Dana,  "William  Jay, 


Kingsley,  Elbridge, 


Lancaster, 


Brookline, 


Hadley, 


Saxon,  The  Mirror  (after  Bunker), 
Springtime  (after  E.  Major),  The 
Young  Squire  (after"  Couture), 
Night  Moths,  "VVinifi-ed  Dysart 
(after  George  Fuller) ,  The  Immacu- 
late Conception  (after  Murillo), 
fragment,  Mother  and  Child 
(after  A.  H.  Thayer),  Ideal  Head 
(after  A.  H.  Thayer),  The  Quad- 
roon Girl  (after  GeorEce  Fuller), 
The  Listeners  (after  W.^M.  Hunt), 
The  Mother  (after  Simmons), 
Flowers,  The  Irrigating  Ditch, 
Sheep  Shearers  (after  Millet) . 

Twilight  (after  J.  Appleton  Brown), 
The  Mill  at  Cleeve  (after  J.  Apple- 
ton  Brown),  Pine  "Woods  in  Canada 
(after  F.  Hopkinson  Smith) ,  Sunset 
(after  Corot) . 

The  "White  Movintains,  New  England 
Elms,  Old  Homestead  (after  J.  F. 
Murphy),  Late  Summer  (after  R. 
Collin)  ,Connecticut"Valley,  Journey 
Northward,  The  Flying  Dutchman 
(after  A.  P.  Ryder),  A  Morninsic, 
The  Old  Well  (after  J.  F.  Murphy), 
Silence  (after  "W.  Bliss  Baker), 
Midsummer  (after  Daubigny), 
Winter  Evening  (after  D.  W. 
Try  on).  Autumn  Evening  (after 
D.  W.  Tryon) . 


Groups  139-145.  — 

Architecture. 

Longfellow, 

Alden    & 

Boston,     . 

Carnegie  Library  and  Music   Hall, 

Harlow. 

Pittsburg  (photograph),  the  same 
—  another  view  (photograph),  first 
floor  plan  of  the  same,  second  floor 
plan,    Carnegie     Office    Building, 
Pittsburg  (photograph),  City  Hall, 
Cambridge,    Mass.    (photograph)*. 
House  at  Cambridge,  Mass.  (photo- 

graph). 

WORLD'S   FAIR  MANAGERS. 

Group  139-145.  — Architecture  —  Concluded. 


211 


Description. 


Peabody  &  Stearns, 


Wheelwright,    Edmund 
March. 


Boston, 


Boston, 


South  Porch  of  Machinery  Hall, 
World's  Columbian  Exposition 
(water  color),  Office  Sketches 
(water  color). 

Primary  School  House,  Jamaica 
Plain  (pen  drawing  by  Charles  D. 
Maginnis) ,  New  Police  Station  for 
Brighton  District  (pen  drawing  by 
Charles  D.  Maginnis),  Robert 
Gould  Shaw  Grammar  School, 
West  Roxbury,  Mass.  (pen  draw- 
ing by  Charles  D.  Maginnis),  Per- 
spective View  of  New  City  Hall  for 
Boston  (pen  drawing  by  Charles  D. 
Maginnis),  Design  for  Arcading 
Old  State  House  (pen  drawing  by 
Charles  D.  Maginnis),  Hospital  for 
Contagious  Diseases  (pen  draw- 
ing). Two  Views  for  House  for 
E.  C.  Stedman,  New  Castle,  N.  H. 
(photograph). 


DEPARTMENT  OF  HORTICULTURE. 
Group  22. 


Farquhar,  R.  &  J., 

Boston,     . 

Massachusetts  State, 

Boston,     . 

Rea  Brothers, 

Norwood, 

Cyclamen,  primroses  and  cinerarias. 
Ornamental  plants. 
Herbaceous  plants. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  ELECTRICITY. 
Group  126. 


A.  &  J.  M.  Anderson, 

Elektron  Mfg.  Co., 
Washbm-n  &  Moen, 


Boston,     . 

Springfield, 
Worcester, 


Insulators  for  railway  construc- 
tion. 

Automatic  motor-starting  iheostat. 

Bare  copper  wire,  trolley  wire  and 
hard-drawn  telephone  wire,  insu- 
lated wh'e,  "  Salamander." 


Group  127. 


Elektron  Mfg.  Co. 


.  I  Springfield,       .  |  Electric  motors,  direct  current  and 
constant  potential. 


Group  128. 


A.  &.  J.  M.  Anderson,  .    Boston, 


Trolley  wheels. 


212 


REPORT    or  BOARD    OP 

Group  129. 


Name. 

Address. 

Description. 

Walworth  Mfg.  Co., 

Boston,     . 

Poles  for    supporting  trolley  wires, 
etc. 

Group  132. 

Electrical  Forging  Co.,  . 


Thompson  Electrical 
Welding  Co. 


Boston, 


Boston, 


Apparatus  for  heating  and  welding 
metals,  apparatus  for  heating 
metals  by  immersing  them  in  a 
liquid. 

Apparatus  for  welding  metals. 


Group  133. 


Electric  Heat  Alarm  Co.,    Boston, 


Thermostat. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  LIBERAL   ARTS. 
Group  147. 


Aid  for  Destitute  Mothers 

Boston,     . 

Statistics  and  reports. 

and  Children. 

Boston  City  Hospital,    . 

Boston,    . 

Photos,  plans,  etc. 

Boston  Associated  Char- 

Boston,   . 

Volumes,  forms. 

ities. 

Boston    Children's    Aid 

Boston,     . 

Charts,  home  library,  etc. 

Society. 

Boston  Water  Board,     . 

Boston,    • 

Relief  map  and  photographs. 

Boston  Filter  Co.,  . 

Chelsea,    . 

Boston  water  purifier. 

Cram,  A.  W., 

Haverhill, 

The  Perfection  Cleanout. 

Emergency  Hygiene  As- 

Boston,    . 

Reports. 

sociation. 

Instructive  District  Nurs- 

Boston,    . 

Reports. 

ing  Association, 

Industrial    Aid    Society 

Boston,     . 

Four  volumes,  forms  and  reports. 

for  Prevention  of  Pau- 

perism. 

Lvman  School  for  Boys, 

Westborough,  . 

Specimens  of  work,  etc. 

Lunatic  Hospital,   . 

Worcester, 

Reports. 

Massachusetts    Reform- 

Sherborn, 

Charts,  etc. 

atory. 

McLean  Hospital,  . 

Somerville, 

Charts  and  photos. 

Massachusetts    E  m  e  r  - 

Boston,     . 

Maps,  photographs,  etc. 

ijency  and  Hygiene 

Association. 

Normal  School  of  Gym- 

Boston,    . 

Gymnastic  apparatus. 

nastics. 

Overseers  of  the  Poor,    . 

Boston,     . 

Record  blanks,  etc. 

Principal  Remaster, 

Chicopee, 

Volume  reports. 

Posse,  Baron  Nils, . 

Boston,    • 

Apparatus  for  Swedish  gymnasium 
hall. 

Quincv  Shaw's    Day 

Boston,     . 

Charts  and  photographs. 

Nursery. 

WORLD'S   FAIR   MA:srAGERS. 
Group  147—  Concluded. 


213 


Najie. 

Address. 

Description. 

State  of  Massachusetts, . 
State  of  Massachusetts, . 
State  of  Massachusetts, . 

State  Industrial   School 

for  Girls. 
State  Board  of  Lunacy 

and  Charity. 
Society  of   St.  Vincent 

de  Paul. 
South    End    Industrial 

School. 
Society    for    Prevention 

of  Cruelty  to  Children. 
State  Board  of  Health,  . 

State  of  Massachusetts, . 

Lancaster, 
Boston,     . 
Boston,     . 
Boston,     . 
Boston,     . 
Boston,     . 

Massachusetts  Prison  Commission. 
Commissioners  of  Savings  Banks. 
Maps,    etc.,    co-operative    banks, 

ninety-six  statistical  charts. 
Photographs,  statistics,  etc. 

Charts,  photos,  books,  etc. 

Record  blanks,  etc. 

Charts,  samples  of  work,  etc. 

Reports,  etc. 

Maps,  charts,  etc.,  photomicrographs 
of  adultations,  maps  showing  dis- 
tribution of  diseases  by  to\vnships, 
maps  of  typhoid  fever  epidemics, 
charts  showing  reduction  in  trichi- 
nosis. 

The  construction,  heating  and  venti- 
lating of  school-houses,  etc. 

Group  148. 


Ayer,  J.  C,  Co.,  . 
Doliber-Goodale  Co. 
Nye,  Sherman  R., . 
Tracy,  Dr.  Ed.  A., 


Lowell,     . 
Boston,     . 
Chicopee, 
Boston,     . 


Pharmaceutical  preparations. 
Mellin's  food  for  infants  and  invalids. 
Trusses. 

Surgical  splints  for  all  parts  of  the 
body. 


Group  149. 

Amherst  College,    . 

Amherst, . 

Photos,    plans,    books    and    college 

Abbott  Academy,  . 

Andover, . 

School  work. 

Bradley,  Milton  &  Co.,  . 

Springfield, 

Kindergarten  material. 

Classical  High  School,  . 

"Worcester, 

Bound  volumes,  mathematics  and 
algebra. 

Clark  University,   . 

Worcester, 

University  work,  forty  volumes, 
advanced  researches,  photos. 

Crocker,  Miss   Lucretia, 

Boston,     . 

School  exhibit. 

Draper,  Mrs.  Henry, 

Boston,     . 

Reports,  Draper  catalogue,  etc. 

Evening    Schools,    Ele- 

Worcester, 

School  work. 

mentary  and  Un- 

graded. 

Fitz,  Geo.  W., 

Cambridge, 

Apparatus. 

Grammar  School,  . 

Boston,     . 

Work  of  pupils. 

Grammar  School,  . 

Everett,    . 

Bound  volume,  English  literature, 
and  eleven  other  volumes. 

Grammar  Grades,  . 

Waltham, 

Framed  working  drawings  to  go  with 
mantial  training. 

Gilman,  Miss  Clarabel, . 

Boston,     . 

Lessons  in  zoology. 

High    and    Training 

Lawrence, 

Language  work. 

School. 

Agassiz,  Mrs.  Louis, 

Cambridge, 

Lessons  in  natural  history. 

214 


EEPORT    OF   BOAED    OF 
Group  149  —  Continued. 


Description. 


Henchman,  Miss  Annie    Boston 

P. 
Hopkins,  Mrs.  L.  R.,     .    Boston, 
Mary  H.  Hunt,       .        .    Hyde  Park, 
Horace  Mann  School  for    Boston, 

Deaf. 
<' Harvard  Annex,"        .    Cambridge, 
High  Schools  of  Boston,    Boston, 
High  Schools  of  Brook- 
line. 
High  Schools  of  Brain- 
tree. 
High  Schools  of  Chelsea, 

High  Schools  of   Fall 

River. 
High  Schools  of  Hing- 

ham. 
High    Schools   of    Hol- 

brook. 
High  Schools  of  Maiden, 


High  Schools  of   Pitts- 
field. 
High  Schools  of  Quincy, 
High  School,  . 
High  School,  . 
High  School,  . 


Harvard  University, 


Salem, 

Springfield, 

Westlield, 

Cambridge, 


Immaculate   Conception 

School. 
Lasell  Seminary,    . 
Mechanic     Arts      High 

School. 

Massachusetts  State  Nor- 
mal Art  School. 

Massachusetts  Institute 
of  Technology. 

Museum  of  Fine  Arts, 
School  of  Drawing 
and  Painting. 

Mount  Holyoke  College, 

Massachusetts  State 
Board  of  Education. 


Maiden,    . 

Auburndale, 
Boston,     . 


Boston,  . 
Boston,  . 
Boston,     . 

South  Hadley, 


Scientific  method. 

Kindergarten  educational  exhibit. 
Work  in  scientific  temperance. 
Geography,  history,  language,  dicta- 
tion, etc. 
Photos  of  exteriors  and  interiors. 
Pujails'  work. 
Bound  volumes,  zoology,  history,  etc. 

Bound  volumes,  literature,  astron- 
omy, etc. 

Bound  volumes,  English  literature, 
and  other  high  school  work. 

Collective  exhibit. 

Bound  volumes,  botany. 

Bound  volumes,  Cffisar,  geology, 
English,  etc. 

Chemical  preparations  made  by  pu- 
pils, and  full  line  of  school  work. 

Pupils'  work. 

School  work. 

Students'  work  in  Latin  and  Greek. 

Framed  writing  and  school  work. 

Bound  volumes  of  book-keeping  and 
business  practice. 

Exhibit  of  the  Museum,  Astronom- 
ical Observatory,  Col.  University, 
exhibit  of  the  Department  of  Phy- 
sics, Chemistrj^,  Graduate  School, 
Lawrence  Scientific  School,  Vet- 
erinary School,  Dental  School, 
Divinity  School,  Medical  School, 
Law  School,  collective  exhibit  of 
the  Department  of  Geology. 

Eighteen  volumes,  class  work,  draw- 
ing and  kindergarten  work. 

School  work. 

Photographs  of  all  Boston  battalions, 
illustrations  of  systems  of  physical 
culture,  school  work. 

School  work. 

Books,  theses,  shop  work,  etc. 

Drawing  in  pencil  fi-om  objects,  from 
a  decorative  point  of  view,  and 
water  colors. 

Catalogue  and  full  line  of  college 
work. 

Charts  showing  attendance  in  evening 
schools,  chart  showing  expenses, 
text  books,  supervision  of  public 
schools,  transportation  of  pupils  of 
puljlic  school,  education  exhibit, 
map  of  location  and  number  of  free 
public  libraries,  report  of  State 
Board  of  Education,  the  public 
statistic  of  Massachusetts. 


WOKLD'S   FAIR   MANAGERS. 
Group  149  —  Concluded. 


215 


Xame. 

Address. 

Description. 

Normal  School, 

Worcester, 

Framed  photos  and  full  line  of 
school  work. 

Normal  School, 

Westfield, 

School  work. 

Normal  Training  School, 

Holyoke, 

Bound  volume,  history  and  course  of 
study.  Normal  Training  School. 

Notre  Dame  Academy,  . 

Boston,     . 

Five  volumes,  class  work. 

Notre  Dame  Academy,  . 

Roxbury, 

Three  volumes,  class  work. 

Our  Lady  Perpetual 

Roxbury, 

Eight     volumes    class     work,     one 

Light. 

volume  surveying. 

Perkins  Institution  and 

South  Boston, . 

Embossed  books,  zoological,  botani- 

Massachusetts  School 

cal  and  physical,  models  in  clay. 

for  the  Blind. 

Private    Institution, 

Barre, 

Pupils'  work. 

Feeble  Minded. 

Primary     Schools     and 

Pittsfield, 

Pupils'  work. 

Grammar  Schools. 

Primary  Schools,    . 

Boston,     . 

Pupils'  work. 

Public  Schools, 

Boston,     . 

School  work,  primary  schools,  school 
work  in  grammar  schools,  school 
work  in  high  schools. 

Public    Schools    (gram- 

Brookline, 

Pupils'  work. 

mar  grade) . 

Public  Schools, 

Chelsea,   . 

Drawings  illustrating  course  in  draw- 

Public Schools, 

Medford, . 

ing. 
Portfolio  of  drawings  and  full  line 
of  school  work. 

Public  Schools, 

North  Adams, . 

School  work  and  drawings. 

Public  Schools, 

Pittsfield, 

School  work. 

Public  Schools, 

Quincy,    . 

Bound  volumes,  photographs  of 
public  schools  and  school  work. 

Public  Schools, 

Salem, 

Framed  photographs  of  school  in- 
terior and  pupils'  work. 

Public  Schools, 

Somerville, 

School  work. 

Public  Schools, 

Shrewsbury,     . 

Pupils'  work. 

Public  School  System  of 

_ 

School  work   of    all    kinds,   charts, 

Boston. 

photos,  etc. 

Public  School  System  of 

- 

The  public  statistics  and  forms  used 

Massachusetts. 

in  administration  and  statistics. 

Prang  Educational  Co., 

Boston,     . 

Prang  course  of  art  education. 

Sisters  of  Notre  Dame,  . 

_ 

Work  for  eleven  schools. 

St.  Mary's  School, 

Lynn, 

Three  volumes,  class  work. 

St.  Joseph's  School, 

Waltham, 

Two  volumes,  essays,  botany,  etc. 

Tufts  College, 

College  Hill,    . 

Illustration  of  college  grounds,  build- 
ings, course  of  study,  appliances 
and  results. 

Wellesley  College, . 

Wellesley, 

Case  of  statistical  records,  specimensof 
work,  catalogues,  school  work,  etc. 

■Williams  College,  . 

Williamstown, 

Photos  of  Williams  College. 

Richardson,  Mrs.  E.  A., 

Massachusetts, 

Papers  from  teachers'  school  of  ser- 
vice, collective  exhibit. 

Richards,  Mrs.  E.  H.,    . 

Boston,     . 

Chemical  papers. 

Smith  College, 

Northampton, . 

Maps  of  grounds  of  college  and  full 
line  of  college  work. 

Shaw,  Quincy  A.,  . 

Jamaica  Plain, 

Sloyd  training  school. 

Society     to     Encourage 

Boston,     . 

Pamphlets,  photos,  articles  illustrat- 

Study at  Home. 

ing  history. 

State  Normal  School,     . 

Bridgewater,    . 

Framed  photos  of  Normal  School  and 
work  of  students. 

St.  John's  School,  . 

Canton,    . 

Four  volumes,  class  work  and  kinder- 
garten worli. 

St.  Joseph's  School, 

Chicopee, 

Class  work  and  three  volumes  type- 
writing. 

216 


REPORT    OF   BOARD    OF 
Group  150. 


U'AME. 

Address. 

Description. 

Silver,  Burdett  &  Co.,    . 

Boston,     . 

Text  books,  charts,  maps,  etc. 

Boston  Athenaeum, 

Boston,     . 

Library  charging  system. 

Estes  &  Lauriat,     . 

Boston,     . 

Books. 

Ginn  &  Co.,    . 

Boston,     . 

Music,  school  books,  charts,  etc. 

Houghton,  Mifflin  &  Co., 

Boston,     . 

Books,    magazines,    special    exhibit 
typh.  illustrations. 

Hall,  Miss  Mary  L., 

Boston,     . 

_ 

Heath,  D.  C,  &  Co.,      . 

Boston,     . 

School  books,  charts,  maps,  etc. 

Lothrop,  D.,  &  Co., 

Boston,     . 

Books,  etc. 

Library  Bureau, 

Boston,     . 

Tables,  trucks,  etc. 

Merriam,  G.  &  C,  Co.,  . 

Springfield, 

Webster's  Dictionary. 

'New  England   Publish- 

Boston,    . 

School  books  and  periodicals. 

ing  Co. 

Prang,  L.,  &  Co.,   . 

Boston,     . 

Chromo-lithographic  art  prints. 

Post,  Alfred  A.,      . 

Boston,     . 

Volapuk  literature. 

Plimpton,  Geo.  A., 

Boston,     . 

Historical  collection  of  school  books. 

Salem  Public  Library,    . 

Salem, 

Books,  catalogues,  etc. 

Salem  Press  Publishing 

Salem, 

Books,  charts  and  engravings. 

and  Printing  Co.  and 

Essex  Institute. 

Wright,  Julia  McNair,  . 

Boston,     . 

Books. 

Group  151. 


Blair  Camera  Co.,  . 
BuflF  &  Berger, 
Boston  Cash  Register  Co., 
Richards,  Robert  H., 


Boston,     . 
Boston,     . 
Northampton, 
Boston,     . 


Photo,  apparatus. 

Surveyors',  engineers'  instruments. 

Self -calculating  register. 

Telescope. 


Group  152. 


Hayden,  Sophia,    . 

Boston,     . 

Woman's  building. 

Olmsted,  Olmsted  &  Co., 

Boston,     . 

Landscape  architecture. 

Peabody  &  Stearns, 

Boston,     . 

Colonnade  of  the  Obelisk. 

Peabody  &  Stearns, 

Boston,     . 

Massachusetts  State  Building. 

Peabody  &  Stearns, 

Boston,     . 

Machinery  Hall. 

AVall,  Wm.  E.,       . 

Somerville, 

Graining. 

Group  153. 


United    States    Mailing 
Case  Co. 


Wood  screw  cap  mailing  cases. 


Group  154. 


Bangs,  C.  H., 

Lam  son    Consolidated 

Store  Service  Co., 
Standard   Autograph 
Time  Recorder. 


Drug  store  furnishings. 

Cash  carriers,  mailing  cases,  etc. 

Employee's  time  recorder. 


WORLD'S   FAIE   MANAGERS. 

Group  156. 


217 


Namk. 

Address. 

DliSCRIPTION. 

Boston  Society  of  Home 

Savings. 
Massachusetts  Co-opera- 
tive Banks. 

Boston,     . 
Boston,     . 

Charts. 

Series  of  charts  and  publications. 

Group  157. 


United  Societj'-  of  Chris- 
tian Endeavor. 


Publication  showing  development 
and  progress  of  United  Society  of 
Christian  Endeavor. 


Group 

L58. 

Beach,  Mrs.  H.  H.  A.,  . 

Boston,     . 

Musical  composition. 

Bird,  E.  E 

Boston,     . 

Musical  composition. 

Barnette,  Amos  M.  K,.,  . 

Boston,     . 

Musical  composition. 

Chickering  &  Sons, 

Boston,     . 

Pianos. 

Crowninshield,     Mary 

Boston,     . 

Musical  composition. 

Bradford. 

Downs,  S.  C, 

Boston,     . 

Musical  composition. 

Ditson,  Oliver,  Co., 

Boston,     . 

Sheet  music  and  music  books. 

Emerson,  Elizabeth, 

Boston,     . 

Collection  of  songs. 

Everett  Piano  Co., 

Boston,     . 

Pianos. 

Fyffe,  B.,        .        .        . 

Boston,     . 

Musical  composition. 

Farley,  Marian, 

Boston,     . 

Song. 

Hood,  Helen, 

Boston,     . 

Musical  composition. 

Hale,  Irene,    . 

Boston,     . 

Song. 

Hallett  &   Davis  Piano 

Boston,     . 

Pianos. 

Manufacturers. 

Haynes,  John  C,  &  Co., 

Boston,     . 

Musical  instruments. 

Leibetz,  Moritz, 

Boston,     . 

Musical  composition. 

Lewing,     Fraulein 

Boston,     . 

Musical  composition. 

Adelaid. 

Lord,  Anna  L., 

Boston,     . 

Musical  composition. 

Lang,  N.  E 

Boston,     . 

Musical  composition. 

Mason  &  Rich, 

AVorcester, 

Vocalion. 

Mason  &  Hamlin  Organ 

Boston,     . 

Pianos  and  organs. 

and  Piano  Co. 

McFarlane,  Mrs.  R., 

Boston,     . 

Musical  composition. 

Prescott,  Ella  E.,   . 

Boston,     . 

Musical  composition. 

Roelfson,  Mrs.  Emily  R., 

Boston,     . 

Musical  composition. 

Rogers,  Mrs.  Clara  K.,  . 

Boston,     . 

Musical  composition. 

Rene,  B.,        ... 

- 

Musical  composition. 

Rand,  Josephine,    . 

Boston,     . 

Method  of  singing. 

Spaulding,  Florence  A., 

Boston,     . 

Musical  composition. 

Tooker,  Minnie,      . 

Boston,     . 

Musical  composition. 

Vaughn,  E.  Elliott, 

Boston,     . 

Musical  composition. 

Vose  &  Sons, . 

Boston,     . 

Pianos. 

Viardot,  L.  H., 

Boston,     . 

Collection  of  songs. 

Washburn  &  Moen  Mfg. 
Co. 

Worcester, 

Perfected  "  steel  piano  wire.' 

218 


REPORT    OF   BOARD    OP 


APPENDIX   D. 


DEPARTMENT  OF   MINES   AND    MINING. 
Group    42. 


Xame. 

Address. 

Descmption. 

Amherst  College,    . 

Amherst, . 

Collection  of  ores  and  gems  in  the 
rough. 

Angell,  C.  L., 

Huntington,     . 

Collection  of  ores  and  gems  in  the 
rough. 

Brigham,  George  L., 

Bolton, 

Collection  of  ores  and  gems  in  the 
rough,  fossils. 

Brj-ant,  Miss  A.  A., 

Mansfield, 

Auriferous  iron  pyrites. 

Boston  Society  of  Natxiral 

Bridgewater,    . 

C'alamite. 

Historj'. 

Clark,  Daniel, 

Tyringham, 

Collection  of  ores  and  gems  in  the 
rough. 

Conant,  Dr.  Thomas,     . 

Gloucester, 

Micaceous  ilmenite,  limonite,  crystals, 
amazonstone,  orthoclase. 

Cotting,  J.  J., 

Fitchburg, 

Hornblende,  muscovite. 

Cowles,  E.  L., 

Chester,   . 

Ilmenite,  crystal  quartz,  garnet, 
zoisite. 

Davis,  E.  G.,  . 

Leominster, 

Collection  of  ores  and  gems  in  the 
rough. 

Davis  Sulphur  Ore  Co., 

Davis, 

Iron  pyrites,  fossils. 

Emerson,  Charles  B.,     . 

Bradford, 

Galena  with  chalcopyrite. 

Fletcher,  Miss  Emily,    . 

Westford, 

Collection  of  minerals  and  gems. 

Gardner,  John  L.,  . 

Boston,     . 

Prehnite. 

Hobbs,  Dr.  W.  H., 

Madison,  Wis., 

Collection  of  ores  and  gems  in  the 
rough. 

Harvard  University, 

Cambridge, 

Collection  of  fossils. 

Johnson,  Charles,  . 

Easthampton, . 

Collection  of  ores  and  gems  in  the 

rough. 
Micaceous    hematite,    rhodonite. 

Kennedy,  Harris,  . 

Roxbury, 

prehnite. 

Litchfield,  Silas,     . 

Fitchbm-g, 

Beryl,  tourmaline. 

Lucas,  Dr.  H.  S.,   . 

Chester,    . 

Magnetite,  diaspore,  corundophilite. 

Macia,  Elis,    . 

Chester,    . 

Collection  of  ores  and  gems  in  the 
rough. 

Osgood,  Alfred, 

Newburyport,  . 

Galena  with  chalcopyrite. 

Peabody     Academy    of 

Salem, 

Collection  of  ores  and  gems  in  the 

Science. 

rough. 

Richmond  Iron  Works, 

Richmond, 

Limonite. 

Rockport  Granite  Co.,    . 

Rockport, 

Molj'bdenite,  amazonstone,  smoky 
quartz. 

Sands,  H.  H., 

New  York  City, 

Collection  of  ores  and  gems  in  the 
rough. 

State  of  Massachusetts, 

- 

Collection  of  ores  and  gems  in  the 
rough. 

Stearns,  Charles  A., 

Boston,     . 

Collection  of  ores  and  gems  in  the 
rough. 

Stevens,  A.  L., 

Mansfield, 

Barite. 

N.  H. 

WORLD'S   FAIR   MANAGERS. 

Group  4:2—Co7icluded. 


219 


XA3IK. 

Address. 

Description. 

Stockbridge  Iron  Co,,     . 

West     Stock- 
bridge. 
Turner's  Falls, 
Gloucester, 

Haydensville,  . 

Limonite. 

Stoughton,  T.  M.,  .. 
TaiT,  R.  S.,     . 

Thatcher,  A.  R.,     . 

Fossils. 

Molybdenite,  opal,  amethyst,  ortho- 

clase,  amazonstone. 
Collection  of  ores  and  gems  in  the 

Weeks,  H.  A., 

Chesterfield, 

rough. 
Collection  of  ores  and  gems  in  the 

Whittle,  C.  L., 

Cambridge, 

rough. 
Collection  of  ores  and  gems  in  the 

Woodworth,  J.  B., 
Worcester     Polytechnic 
Institute. 

Cambridge, 
Worcestel-, 

rough. 
Melanolite. 
Collection    of    ores    and    associated 

minerals. 

Northwestern    Land    & 

Coal  Co. 
Woodworth,  J.  B., 


Boston,     . 
Cambridge, 


Compound  to   promote    combustion 

of  coal. 
Anthracite  coal. 


Group 

44. 

Amherst  College,    . 

Amherst, . 

Schist. 

Badger  Bros., 

Quincy,    . 

Granite. 

Beattie,  Wm.,  &  Sous,   . 

Fall  River, 

Granite. 

Blanchard,  W.  D., 

Leominster, 

Granite. 

Cape  Ann  Granite  Co.,  . 

Bay  View, 

Granite. 

Darling  Bros., 

Miiford,    . 

Granite. 

Fletcher  Bros., 

Chelmsford, 

Granite. 

Flyant  Granite  Co., 

Monson,  . 

Granite. 

Granite    Manufacturers' 

Quincy,    . 

Granite. 

Association. 

Gross  Bros.,    . 

Lee,  . 

Marble. 

Hathaway,  Prof.  F.  R., 

Winchendon,   . 

Granite  and  schist. 

Hobbs,  Dr.  W.  H., 

Madison,  Wis., 

Gneiss,     schist,     marble,    quartzitCj 
limestone  and  shale. 

Hudson  &  Chester 

Chester,    , 

Granite. 

Granite  Co. 

Kane  &  Lear}^, 

Fitchburg, 

Granite. 

Kittredge    &    L  e  a  v  i  1 1 

Leominster, 

Gneiss  granite. 

Granite  Co. 

Lanesville   Granite  Co., 

Lanesville, 

Granite. 

Merrill,  J.  A., 

C!ambridge, 

Gneiss  and  slate. 

Middlesex    Marble  Co., 

Boston,     . 

Marble. 

McOaiTlifr,  J., 

Fitchburg, 

Granite. 

Milford  Pink  Granite 

Co. 
Munson,  J.  C, 

Milford,    . 

Granite. 

"Van  Deusen- 

Marble. 

ville. 

Norcross  Bros., 

Worcester, 

Granite  and  sandstone. 

Peabody    Academy    of 

Salem, 

Granite,  syenite,  felsite  breccia  and 

Science. 

hornblende. 

Pumpelly,  R., 

New     Marl- 
borough. 

Conglomerate  gneiss. 

Rand  &  Co.,   . 

North  Adams, . 

Marble. 

220 


REPORT    OF   BOARD    OF 


Group   44  —  Concluded. 


Name. 

Addkess. 

Description. 

Rockport  Granite  Co.,    . 

Rockport, 

Granite. 

State  of  Massachusetts, . 

Granite,    augite,    syenite,    f  el  site, 
breccia,  porphyries,  gneiss,  marble, 
serpentine,   soapstone,   conglomer- 
ate,  schist,  limestone,    sandstone, 
etc. 

Truesdell  &  Fuarer, 

West    Stock- 
brid2;e. 

Marble. 

Whittle,  C.  L., 

Cambridge, 

Slate. 

Group   45. 


Amherst  College,    . 

Amherst, . 

Corundum  crystals. 

Clark,  Daniel, 

Tvrin^ham, 

Emerr. 

Lucas,  Dr.  H.  S.,    . 

Chester,    . 

Margarite  with  emerr  and  corundum. 

Macia,  Elis,    . 

Chester,    . 

Emerv,  margarite  with  emery. 

State  of  Massachusetts, . 

_ 

Emery. 

Weeks,  H.  A., 

Chesterfield,     . 

Conindum  crystals. 

Whittle  C.  L., 

Cambridge, 

Emery  and  corundum. 

Group 

46. 

Amherst  College,    . 

Amherst, . 

Graphite. 

Blandford  Brick  &  Tile 

Boston,     . 

Kaolinite. 

Co. 

Clark,  Daniel, 

Tyringham, 

Kaolinite. 

Davis,  E.  G 

Ijeominster, 

Graphite. 

Hobbs,  Dr.  W.  H., 

Madison,  Wis., 

Asbestos. 

Phoenix  Mfg.  Co.,  . 

Taunton, . 

Crucibles. 

State  of  Massachusetts, . 

- 

aKaolinite.    6  Talc  and  steatite. 
c  Asbestos. 

Weeks,  H.  A., 

Chesterfield, 

Graphite. 

Worcester     Polytechnic 

Worcester, 

Graphite. 

Institute. 

Group  49. 


Howe,  Henrv  M. 


Boston, 


Steel,  illustrating 
ment. 


effect  of  heat  treat- 


Group  51. 


Amherst  College,    . 
Clark,  Daniel, 
Davis  Sulphur  Ore  Co., 
State  of  Massachusetts, 


Amherst, . 

Tyringham, 

Davis, 


Copper  pyrites  in  schist. 
Copper  pyrites. 
Copper  pyrites. 
Copper  pyrites. 


Group  58. 


MacKay,  II.  S. 


Electric    drill    for  stone  quarrying, 
electric  stone-carving  machines. 


WORLD'S   PAIK   MANAGERS. 


221 


Group    61. 

Name. 

Address.                                   Description. 

MacKay,  H.  S.,      . 

Boston,     ,        .    Electric  drill  for  mining. 

Group  63. 


Bradley  Fertilizer  Co.,  .    Boston,     . 


Elevator  for  rolling  mill. 


Group   64. 


Bradley  Fertilizer  Co.,  . 
Sturtevant  Mill  Co., 


Boston,     . 
Boston,     . 


Roller  mills. 

Mill  for  crushing  and  grinding  ore 
and  other  material. 


Group  67. 


Houghton,  Mifflin  &  Co., 
Sturtevant  Mill  Co., 


Boston, 
Boston, 


Books  on  coal  mining  and  geology. 
Model  of  mill. 


Group   68. 


Lynn,  City  of, 


First  iron  casting  ever  made  in  Amer- 
ica. 


DEPARTMENT   OF   MANUFACTURES. 
Group  87. 


Burnett,  Jos.,   &  Co.,  27 

Central  Street. 
India  Alkali  Works,  75 

Broad  Street. 


Boston, 
Boston, 


Flavoring  extracts,  etc. 
Alkalies  and  alkaline  earths. 


Group   88. 


Boston  Blacking  Co.,     . 
Dexter  Bros.,  55  Broad 

Street. 
Gondolo  Tannin  Co., 
Mitchell  Stain  Mfg.  Co., 


Boston,  . 

Boston,  . 

Boston,  . 
Lynn, 


Blacking,  dressing,  cement,  etc. 
Shingle  "stains. 

Oak  wood  and  chestnut  tannin. 
Bottom  finishings,  stains  for  shoes. 


222 


EEPOET    OF   BOAED    OF 

Group  88  —  Cojicluded. 


Same. 

Address. 

Description. 

White,   S.  A.,  65  High 

Boston,     . 

Blackings,  dressings  and  stains. 

Street. 

Whiting,  John  L.,  &  Son, 

Boston,     . 

Brushes. 

Hicrh    and    Purchase 

Streets. 

Whittemore,  Bros.  &  Co., 

Boston,     . 

Harness    di'essings,    boot    and  shoe 

237  Albany  Street. 

blacking. 

Wiggin  &  Stevens,  . 

Maiden,    • 

Sandpaper. 

Wood,  Geo.  H.,  Co.,      . 

Boston,     . 

Cements,  inks,  wax  and  dressings. 

Woods,    Henry,    Sons 

Boston,    . 

Paints  and  colors. 

Co.,  436  Atlantic  Ave- 

nue. 

Group    89. 


Brown,  L.  L.,  Paper  Co., 
Crane  Bros.,    . 
Crane,  Z.  &  W.  M., 
Crane  &  Co.,  . 
Franklin  Tvpewriter,  76 

Milk  Street, 
Hiuibut  Paper  Mfg.  Co., 
Mills,  Knight  &  Co.,  60 

Pearl  Street. 
Weston,  Byron, 
Whiting  Paper  Co., 
Williston,  A.  Lyman,     . 


Adams,    . 
Westfield, 
Dalton, 
Dalton,     . 
Boston,     . 

South  Lee, 
Boston,     . 

Dalton,  . 
Holyoke, . 
Northampton, 


Ledger  and  record  paper. 
Linen,  record  and  writing  paper. 
Writing  paper  and  stationery. 
Bank  note  and  parchment  paper. 
Typewriters  and  supplies. 

Writing  paper  and  envelopes. 
Fancy  leather  work. 

Ledger  and  record  paper. 
Paper,  envelopes,  etc. 
Indelible  ink. 


Group 

90. 

Derby  &   Kilmer  Desk 

Boston,     . 

Office  furniture. 

Co.,  93    Causeway 

Street. 

Metropolitan  Air  Goods 

Boston,     . 

Air  mattresses,  cushions,  etc. 

Co.,  7  Temple  Place. 

Plympton,  H.E,.,&Co., 

Boston,     . 

Sofas  and  bed  lounges. 

1077   Washington 

Street. 

- 

Group    91. 


Fiske,  Homes  &  Co., 
Hills,  C.  M.,  . 
Low  Art  Tile  Co.,  . 


Boston,     . 

Cambridge, 
Chelsea,    . 


Bricks  and  terra  cotta. 
Painted  china. 
Art  tiles. 


Granite    Manufacturers' 
Association. 


Group    92. 


Quincy, 


Granite  monuments. 


WOKLD'S   PAIR   MANAGERS. 

Group   95. 


223 


Name. 

Address. 

Description. 

Continental  Stained  Glass 
Works,   440  Tremont 
Street. 

Boston,     . 

Stained  glass. 

Group 

97'. 

Pairpoint  Mfa;.  Co., 
Tufts,  Jas.  W., 

New  Bedford,  . 
Boston,     . 

Silver-plated  ware. 
Silver-plated  ware. 

Group 

98. 

Blackington,  W.  &  S.,    . 
Child,  D.  R.,  &  Co., 
Simmons,  R.  F.,  &  Co., 


Attleborough ,  . 
North  Swansea, 
North   Attle- 
borough. 


Plated  chains. 

Cuff  and  collar  buttons. 

Jewelry. 


Group    99. 


American    W  a  1 1  h  a  m 
Watch  Co. 


Waltham, 


Watch  movements. 


Group  100. 


McCullum,  Constable 

Hosiery  Co. 
Nonotuck  Silk  Co., 

Skinner,  Wm.,  Mfg.  Co., 


Holyoke, . 

Florence,  Leeds, 
Haydenville. 
Holyoke, . 


Silk  hosiery. 

Machine  twist,  underwear. 

Serges,  linings  and  braids. 


Group 

102. 

Appleton  Co.,  48  Frank- 

Boston,    . 

Eider  downs,  shu-tings,  etc. 

lin  Street. 

Arlington  Mills, 

Lawrence, 

Fine  cotton,  single  or  twisted. 

Barnaby  Mfg.  Co., 

Fall  River, 

Zephvr  ginghams. 

Clarendon  Mills,    • 

West  Boylston, 

Crocheted  quilts. 

Clifton  Mfg.  Co.,    . 

Boston,     . 

Brown  cottons. 

Conanicut  Mills, 

Fall  River, 

Cambric  muslins. 

Davol  Mills,    . 

Fall  River, 

Bleached  muslins. 

Dwight  Mills, 

Cliicopee, 

Brown,  bleached  cottons,  etc. 

Fisher  Mfg.  Co.,     . 

Fisherville, 

Woven  cotton  snoods. 

Finlayson,  Bousfield   & 

Co. 
Glasgow  Co.,  . 

North  Grafton, 

Threads  for  shoes  and  leather. 

South    Hadley 

Cotton  goods  and  ginghams. 

Falls. 

Globe  Yarn  Mills,  . 

Fall  River, ,     . 

Cotton  yarns. 

224 


KEPOKT    OF   BOAED    OF 


Group  102  —  Concluded. 


Name. 

Address. 

Description. 

HadleyCo.,    . 

Holyoke, . 

Cotton  yarns  and  threads. 

Knitted  Mattress  Co.,    . 

Canton  Junc- 
tion. 

Cotton  fabrics. 

Lancaster   Mills,   48 

Boston,     . 

Ginghams. 

Franklin  Street. 

Leeson,  J.  R.,  &  Co.,  226 

Boston,     . 

Threads  for  boots  and  leather. 

Devonshire  Street. 

Lvman  Mills, . 

Holvoke, 

Brown  and  bleached  cottons,  etc. 

Merrimack  Mfg.  Co.,  87 

Boston,     . 

Printed  cotton  goods. 

Milk  Street. 

Methuen  Co., . 

Boston,     . 

Fancv  cotton  fabrics,  etc. 

Nanmkeag  Steam  Cotton 

Co. 
Pacific  Mills,  . 

Salem, 

Satteens,  cotton  goods,  etc. 

Lawrence, 

Cotton  fabrics. 

Pemberton  Co., 

Boston,     . 

Cotton  fabrics. 

Sanford  Spinning  Co.,    . 

Fall  River, 

Cotton  yarns. 

Stevens  Linen  Works,    . 

Boston,     . 

Linen  crash. 

Wamsutta  Mills,    . 

New  Bedford,  . 

Sheetings,  fine  white  goods,  etc. 

Whittenton  Mfg.  Co.,     . 

Taunton, . 

Colored  cotton  fabrics. 

Woods,    Joseph  W.,  & 

Boston,     . 

Colored  and  printed  cotton  goods. 

Sons. 

Group  103. 


Arlington  Mills,  . 
Assabet  Mfg.  Co., . 
Ballardvale  Mills,  . 
Belvidere  Woolen  Mfg. 

Co. 
Berkeley  Woolen  Co.,    . 
Blackington,  S.,  Woolen 

Co. 
Blackstone  Woolen  Co., 
Calumet  Woolen  Co.,     . 
Carlton,  E.  G.,  &  Sons, . 
City  Mills  Co., 
Clinton  Worsted  Co., 
Connor  Bros., 
Farr  Alpaca  Co.,    . 
French  &  Ward,     . 

Germania  Mills, 
Hartley,  F.,    . 
Hecla  Mills,    . 
Massachusetts  Mohair 

Plush  Co. 
!M  e  r  r  i  m  a  c  k    Woolen 

Mills. 
North   Adams    Mfg. 

Co. 
Pacific  Mills,  . 
Saxon  Worsted  Co., 
Stevens,   Charles  A.,  & 

Co. 
Sterling  Mills, 
Talbot  Mills,  . 
Wasliington  Mills  Co.,. 


Lawrence, 
Maynard, 
Ballardvale, 
Lowell, 

Wales, 

North  Adams, . 

Blackstone, 
Uxbridge, 
Rochdale, 
City  Mills, 
Clinton,  . 
Holyoke, . 
Holyoke, . 
West  Stough- 

ton. 
Holyoke, . 
Lawrence, 
Uxbridge, 
Boston,     . 

Dracut,     . 

North  Adams,  . 

La\vrence, 
Franklin, 
Ware, 

Lowell,     . 
North  Billerica, 
Lawrence, 


Worsted  j^arns,  dress  goods,  etc. 
Fancy  flannels,  suitings,  etc. 
Woollen  j'arns,  flannels. 
Flannel  and  woollen  dress  goods. 

Fine  kerseys  and  meltons. 
Fancy  cassimeres,  etc. 

Cassimeres,  fine  kerseys. 
Fancy  woollen  cassimeres. 
Flannels  and  woollen  goods. 
Felt  goods. 
Worsted  suitings. 
Beavers,  etc. 
Worsted  goods,  etc. 
Blankets,  flannels,  etc. 

Beavers,  kerseys,  etc. 
Yarn  and  carl^onized  wool. 
Woollen  goods. 
Mohair  plush. 

Cloakings,  dress  goods,  etc. 

Fancy  cassimeres. 

Wool  dress  fabrics. 

Fancy  worsted. 

White  and  worsted  yarns,  etc. 

Woollens,  flannels,  etc. 

Woollen  goods,  etc. 

Woollen  and  worsted  yarns,  etc. 


WORLD'S   I^AIR   MANAGERS. 


225 


Group  104. 


Description. 


Aborn,  C.  H., 
Amesbury  Shoe  Co., 
Anderson,  J.  F.,     . 
Ash,  Win.  T., 
Bartlett,  Jno.,  &  Co., 
Batcheller,     E.    &     A. 

H.,  Co.,  106  Summer 

Street. 
Blake,  Harold  F.,  . 
Bridgeport  &  Hub  Gore 

Makers. 
Cobm-n,  Geo.  M.,  &  Co., 

22  High  Street. 
Consolidated  Adjustable 

Shoe  Co. 
Davis,  Geo.  C, 
Faunce  &  Spinney, 
Flynt,  Mrs.  O.  P., . 
Fox,  Chas.  K., 
Fuller,  Geo.,  &  Co., 
Goodrich,  Hazen  B., 
Greenman,  Chas.  E., 
Grovers,  J.  J.,  Sons, 
Harney  Bros., 
Herrick,   G.    W.,    & 

Co. 
Hoag  &  Heath, 
Hod£;kins  &  Hodgkins, . 
Hollander,    L.    P.,    & 

Co. 
Hub  Gore  Makers, 
Hutchinson,  F.  E., 
Messenger    Bros.    & 

Jones. 
Morse  Bros.  &  Co., 
Murphy  Bros., 
'New  Home  Sewing  Ma- 
chine Co. 
New    York    Shoe    Mfg. 

Co. 
Plant,  Thos.  G.,     . 
Renton,  J.  B., 
Rice  &  Hutchins,    . 
Rumsey  Bros., 
Shillaber  &  Co.,      . 
Smith,  A.  F., . 
Somers,  Frank  D., 
Sutherland,  D.  A., 
Swain,  J.  F.,  &  Co., 

Turner,  J.  S., 
Waukenhose  Co.,  76 

Chauncy  Street. 
Williams,     Clarke    & 

Co. 
AVoodman  &  Howes, 
Worcester  Corset  Co.,     . 
Wright  &  Richards, 


Lynn , 
Amesbury, 
Boston,     . 
Lynn, 
Lynn, 
Boston,     . 


Haverhill, 
Boston,     . 

Boston,     . 

Lynn, 

Lynn, 
Lynn, 
Boston,     . 
Haverhill, 

Ljmn, 

Haverhill, 

Haverhill, 

Lynn, 

Lynn, 

Lynn, 

Lynn, 
Boston,     . 
Boston,     . 

Boston,  . 
Haverhill, 
Boston,     . 

Haverhill, 
Lj^nn, 
Orange,    . 

Lynn, 

Lynn, 

Lynn, 

Boston, 

Lynn, 

Lynn, 

Lynn, 

Boston, 

Lynn, 

Lynn, 

Rockland 
Boston, 

Lynn, 

Haverhill 
Worcester 
Rockland 


Ladies'  boots  and  shoes. 

Shoes  and  slippers. 

Fixll  dress  coat  and  waistcoat. 

Shoes  and  slippers. 

Boots  and  shoes. 

Boots  and  shoes. 


Shoe  tips. 
Elastic  for  shoes. 

Shoes  and  slippers. 

Ladies'  boots  and  shoes. 

Ladies'  boots  and  shoes. 

Boots  and  shoes. 

Corsets  and  waists. 

Shoes  and  slippers. 

Welts,  turns,  boots  and  shoes. 

Boots,  shoes,  slippers. 

Soles  and  leather. 

Boots  and  shoes. 

Boots  and  shoes. 

Boots  and  shoes. 

Boots  and  shoes. 
Gentleman's  hunting  suit. 
Boys'  clothing. 

Elastic  for  shoes. 

Ladies'  shoes  and  slippers. 

Double-breast  box  driving  coat. 

Shoes  and  slippers. 
Boots  and  shoes. 
Sewing  machines. 

Boots  and  shoes. 

Ladies'  boots  and  shoes. 

Heels  and  lifts. 

Boots  and  shoes. 

Boots  and  shoes. 

Women's  boots  and  shoes. 

Boots  and  shoes. 

Double-breasted  frock  coat. 

Boots  and  shoes,  ties,  etc. 

Misses'    and    children's    boots    and 

shoes. 
Men's  shoes. 
Knit  goods. 

Boots  and  shoes. 

Shoes  and  slippers. 

Corsets. 

Boots  and  shoes. 


226 


REPORT    OF   BOARD    OP 
Group  106. 


:xame. 

Address. 

Description. 

Ball  and  Socket  Fastener 
Co.,  58  Summer  Street. 

Boston,     . 

Fasteners  for  gloves,  etc. 

Group 

109. 

American  Rubber  Co.,  . 

Cambridgeport, 

Mackintoshes,  rubber  clothing,  etc. 

Bailey,  C.  J.,  &  Co.,  22 

Boston,     . 

Rubber  brushes  and  novelties. 

Boylston  Street. 

Boston  Rubber  Shoe  Co., 

Boston,     . 

Rubber  boots  and  shoes,  curios  from 

245  Causeway  Street. 

South  America. 

Elastic  Tip,     . 

Boston,     • 

Rubber  specialties. 

Stoughton  R,ubber  Co., 

Boston,     . 

Rubber  garments. 

44  Summer  Street. 

Towers,  A.  J.,  18  Sum- 

Boston,    . 

Waterproof  clothing. 

mer  Street. 

Group  110. 


Converse,  Morton  E.,  & 

Co. 
Parker  Bros., . 


"VVinchendon, 
Salem, 


Toys  and  novelties. 
Games. 


Group 

111. 

Gordon,  S.  J.,  224  Fre- 

Boston,    . 

Fancy  leather  goods. 

mont  Street. 

Harwood,  Chas.  E.,  Co., 

Lynn, 

Counters,  insoles,  taps,  turns,  shanks, 

etc. 
Soles  and  leather. 

Hillard,  R.  E., 

Lynn, 

Kent  &  Smith, 

L3'nn, 

Various  kinds    and  colors  of    shoe 
stains. 

Kistler,  Lesh  &  Co.,  97 

Boston,     . 

Sole  leather. 

South  Street. 

Shaw  Leather  Co.,   159 

Boston,     . 

Grain  split  and  calf  leather  and  shoes 

Summer  Street. 

of  same. 

Smith's,    Lyman,    Sons 

Co. 
Stiles  &  Winslow,  . 

Norwood, 

Sheep  and  lamb  skin,  linings,  etc. 

Boston,     . 

Colored    morocco,    goat    and    sheep 

skin. 

Group  113. 


Smith  &  Wesson,  .        .    Springfield,      .     Pistols  and  revolvers 


Group  115. 


Magee  Furnace  Co.,  38    Boston, 
Union  Street. 


Furnaces,  stoves  and  ranges. 


WORLD'S   FAIR   MANAGERS. 

Group  115  —  Concluded. 


227 


Name. 

Addkess. 

DiiscniPTioN. 

Eidgeway  Furnace  Co., 

76  Union  Street. 
Smith  &  Anthony  Stove 

Co. 
Woods,  Sherwood  &  Co., 

Boston,     . 
Boston,     . 
Lowell, 

Furnaces. 

Heaters,  ranges,  furnaces. 

White  wire  household  goods. 

Group  116. 


Low  Art  Tile  Co.,  . 

Puffer,  A.  D.,  &  Sons,    .    „„ , 

Smith  &  Anthony  Stove  Boston, 

Co. 

Tufts,  J.  W.,          .        .  Boston, 


Soda  fountain. 

Soda  water  apparatus. 

Kettles. 

Soda  water  apparatus. 


Group  117. 


Clinton  Wire  Cloth  Co., 
Translucent  Fabric  Co., 
Washbm-n  &  Moen  Mfg. 
Co. 


Clinton,    .        .    Wire  of  all  kinds. 

Clinton,    .        .  I  Translucent  fabrics  for  windows. 

Worcester,        .  I  Wire  of  all  kinds. 


Group  118. 


Desmond,  Cornelius, 
Hogan,  John, 
Putnam  Nail  Co.,  . 


Pittsfield, 
Fitchburg, 
Boston,     . 


Horseshoes. 
Horseshoes. 
Horseshoe  nails. 


Group  119. 

Ames,  Oliver,  Sons  Cor- 

North Easton, . 

Shovels,  spades,  etc. 

poration 

Atlas  Tack  Corporation, 

Boston,     . 

Tacks,  brads,  etc. 

Barney  &  Berry,     . 

Springfield, 

Ice  and  roller  skates. 

Blount    Mfg.    Co.,    180 

Boston,     . 

Hardware  specialties. 

Washington  Street. 

Buck  Bros.,    . 

Millbury, 

Light  edge  tools. 

Buck,  Chas.,  . 

Mill))ury, 

Edge  tools. 

Norton  Door  Check  and 

Boston,     . 

Door  check  and  spring  doors. 

Spring  Co.,  505  Sears 

Building. 

Snell  Mfg.  Co., 

Fiskdale, . 

Boring  tools. 

Torrey,  J.  E,.,  Razor  Co., 

Worcester, 

Razors. 

Group  120. 


Smith  &  Anthony  Stove 
Co. 


Boston, 


Water-closets,  etc. 


228 


EEPORT    OF   BOARD    OF 


Group 

121. 

Same. 

Address. 

Description. 

Brown,  Mrs.  Harriet  A., 
Meyers  Putz  Pomade  Co., 

271  Franklin  Street. 
Stearns,  Mrs.  B.  A., 
White,   Otis    C,    150 

Beacon  Street. 

Boston,    . 
Boston,     . 

Woburn,  . 
Boston,     . 

Rule  for  dressmaking. 
Liquid  metal  polish. 

Dress-cutting  system. 
Ball-and-socket  cone  joints. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  MACHINERY. 
Group  69. 


Ashton  Valve  Co., 
Chapman    Valve    Mfg. 

Co. 
Deane  Steam  Pump  Co., 
Fales,  Edward, 
Graton  &  Knight,  . 
Heath,  Laban,  &  Co.,     . 
Hersey  Mfg.  Co.,    . 
Morse    Rotary    Engine 

Co. 
Puffer,  A.  D.,  &  Sons,   . 
Richardson,  Charles  H., 
Secco,  Henri, . 
Steele,  E.  B.,  . 
Tufts,  James  W..  . 
Walworth  Mfg.  Co., 

Boston,     . 
Indian  Orchard, 

Valves  and  gauges. 
Steam  valves. 

Holyoke, . 
Boston,     . 
Worcester, 
Boston,     . 
South  Boston, . 
Boston,    . 

Pumps. 

Grate  bars. 

Belting. 

Water  shut-off  machine. 

Pumps. 

Engine. 

Boston,     . 
Gloucester, 
Boston,     . 
Marlborough,  . 
Boston,    . 
Boston,    . 

Soda  water  machinery. 

Ice  crusher. 

Lifting  jack. 

Derrick. 

Soda  water  machinery. 

Valves,  cocks,  etc. 

Group  70. 


Coljurn    Trolley    Track 
Mfff.  Co. 


Holvoke, 


Store  ladders,  fire  escapes,  etc. 


Group  71. 


American    Improved 

Wrench  Co. 
Beaudry  Tool  Co., 
Brainard  M  i  1 1  i  n  g  M  a- 

chine  Co. 
Eaton,  Geo.  H.,  &  Co., . 

Hurlbut,  Rogers  Ma- 
chine Co. 

Morse  Twist  Drill  and 
Machine  Co, 

Prentice  Bros., 

Reed,  F.  E.,  &  Co., 


Boston,     . 

Boston,     . 
Hyde  Park,      . 

Boston,     . 

South  Siidbury, 

New  Bedford,  . 

Worcester, 
Worcester, 


Metal- working  machines. 

Power  hammers  and  forging  presses. 
Milling  machines. 

Presses  and  shears  for  working  sheet 

metal. 
Cutting-off  lathes. 

Machinist  tools. 

Metal-working  machines. 
Lathes. 


WORLD'S   FAIR   MANAGERS. 


229 


Group    72. 


Name. 

Addrkss. 

Description-. 

American  Heeling  Ma- 

Brockton, 

Lightning  heeling  machine. 

chine  Co. 

Bertrand   Lock  Stitch 

Boston,    . 

Sewing  machines. 

Sewing  Machine  Co. 

Brett,  Henry  W.,    . 

Boston,    . 

Shoe-upper  cementing  machine. 

Cheney    Bigelow  Wire 

Springfield, 

Wire  for  paper-making. 

Works. 

Crompton  Loom  Works, 

Worcester, 

Looms  of  many  kinds. 

Fenno,  Isaac, 

Boston,     . 

Cloth-cutting  machine. 

Globe  Buffer  Co.,    . 

Boston,    . 

Shoe  machinery. 

Goodyear    Shoe    Manu- 

Boston,    . 

Shoe  machines. 

facturing  Co. 

Kitson  Machine  Co., 

Lowell,     . 

Cotton  goods  niachine. 

Knowles  Loom  Works, . 

Worcester, 

Looms  of  many  kinds. 

Lowell  Machine  Shop,    . 

Lowell,     . 

Cotton  goods  machine. 

Lufkin,  R.  H., 

Boston,     . 

Vamp-folding  machinCo 

McKay  Metallic  Fasten- 

Boston,    . 

Shoe  machinery. 

ing  Association. 

McKay  &  Bigelow, 

Boston,     . 

Shoe  machinery. 

Naumkeag  Buffing  Ma- 

Beverly, . 

Shoe  machinery. 

chine  Association. 

Reece  Button  Hole  Ma- 

Boston,    . 

Shoe  machiner}'. 

chine  Co. 

Sawyer  Leather  Ma- 

Boston, 

Machine  for  measuring  leather. 

chinery  Co. 

Stanley  Mfg.  Co.,  . 

Boston,     . 

Shoe  machinery. 

Standard  Riyet  Co., 

Boston,     . 

Rivets   and   machines   for   driving 
same. 

Steele,  A.  H., 

Worcester, 

Weaving  baton  shuttles,  etc. 

Tubular  Riyet  Co., 

Boston,     . 

Rivets  and  rivet-setting  machine. 

Union  Heel  Trimmer 
Co. 

Vaughn  Machinery  Co.. 

Boston,     . 

Boot  and  shoe  heel  trimming  machine. 

Salem, 

Hide  and  leather  machinery. 

Wire  Grip  Fastening  Co., 

Boston,     . 

Slugging  and  nailing  machines. 

Group 

73. 

E.  G.  Cunningham, 

Simonds  Mfg.  Co., 
S.  A.   Woods    Machine 
Co. 

Worcester, 

Fitchburg, 
Boston,     . 

Band-saw  blades  and  jig  saws,  filing, 

setting  and  brazing  machines. 
Saws  and  machine  knives. 
Wood-working  machineryc 

Group    74. 


Elliot  Machine  Co., 
Golding&Co., 
Mclndoe  Bros., 


Newi;on, 
Boston, 
Boston, 


Thread-stitching  machine. 
Printing  presses  and  paper  folders. 
Cylinder  printing  presses. 


Group  77. 


Faneuil  Watch  Tool  Co., 
Hersey  Mfg.  Co.,    . 
Norton    Emery    Wheel 
Co. 


Boston,  . 
Boston,  . 
Worcester, 


Watchmakers'  lathes. 
Soap  machiner}'. 
Emery  wheels. 


230 


EEPOET    OF   BOARD   OF 

Group  ^71  —  Concluded. 


Najib. 

Addkess. 

Description. 

Northampton  Emery 
Wheel  Co. 

J.  A.  W.  Seabur}'  Ma- 
chine Co. 

Leeds, 
Maiden,    . 

Emery  wheels. 
Laundry  machines. 

Group  79. 


Hersey  Mfg.  Co.,    .        .    Boston, 


Cube  sugar  machine. 


DEPARTMENT  OF    AGRICULTURE. 
Group  1. 


J.W.Allen,    . 

Amherst, . 

Corn. 

Geo.  L.  Averill, 

North  Andover, 

Corn. 

Wm.  L.  Bancroft,  . 

Chesterfield,     . 

Corn. 

Henry  Barlow  &  Sons,  . 

Peru, 

Wheat. 

Edwin  Bates, . 

Lynn, 

Corn. 

John  B.  Benton,      . 

Barre, 

Corn. 

Albert  Berry, . 

North  Andover, 

Corn. 

J.  B,.  &  D.  F.  Bigelow,  . 

Petersham, 

Corn  and  oats. 

Charles  A.  Birnie,  . 

Longmeadow,  . 

Corn. 

Wm.  L.  Boutwell,  . 

Leverett,  . 

Corn. 

Ralph  H.  Bradford, 

South  Egre- 
mont. 

Buckwheat. 

C.  L.  Buell,     . 

Ludlow,   . 

Corn. 

Leon  M.  Busby, 

Monterey, 

Corn. 

G.  H.  Carpenter,     . 

South  Hadley, 

Grasses. 

Oliver  Cowles, 

Amherst, . 

Corn. 

Sumner  Crabtree,  . 

Natick,     . 

Corn. 

Walter  L.  Cutting, 

Pittslield, 

Corn,  oats,  grasses  and  buckwheat. 

Amos  Deming, 

Savoy, 

Corn,  oats,  barley  and  grasses. 

Geo.  H.  DeWolf,    . 

Mendon,  . 

Corn. 

F.  M.  Dickinson  &  Son, 

Belchertown,    . 

Corn. 

J.  C.  Dillon,    . 

Amherst, . 

Corn. 

Wm.  H.  Dodge,      . 

Cheshire, . 

Corn. 

Charles  W.  Fairbanks,  . 

Claremont, 

Corn. 

E.  N.  Fisher, . 

Ludlow,    . 

Corn. 

Albert  J.  Flanders, 

Chilmark, 

Corn. 

D.  Frissell  &  Sons, 

Peru, 

Wheat,  oats,  barley  and  buckwheat. 

Homer  Frissell, 

Peru, 

Oats. 

John  Frissell, 

Peru, 

Barley. 

John  Z.  Frissell,     . 

Peru, 

Oats. 

Mrs.  M.  T.  Goddard,      . 

Newton,   . 

Corn. 

J.  F.  Gulliver, 

Andover, . 

Corn. 

Monroe  Hayward, . 

Agawam, 

Cora. 

Geo.  W.  Holcomb, 

Chester,    . 

Oats. 

C.  A.  Judd,     . 

South  Hadlev, 

Corn. 

Frank  N.  Kellogg, 

Sheffield,  . 

Rye. 

G.  L.  Kent,     . 

Belchertown,    . 

Corn  and  buckwheat. 

G.  S.  Kent,     . 

Belchertown,    . 

Oats  and  grasses. 

S.  K.  Kindley, 

Spencer,  . 

Grass. 

Note.  —  The  awards  in  Group  1  in  the  Department  of  Agriculture  have  not  as  yet 
been  announced. 


WORLD'S   PAIR   MANAGERS. 

Group   1  —  Gnncluded. 


231 


Name. 

Adduess. 

DeSCRII'TION. 

H.  H.  Kingsley,      . 

Spencer,   . 

Grass. 

C.  B.  Larkiii, . 

Buckland, 

Corn. 

Charles  Lawton,     . 

Leverett,  . 

Corn. 

Spencer  Leoaard,   . 

Bridgewater,    . 

Corn. 

F.  W.  Lincoln, 

Oakham, . 

Rye. 

H.  W.  Lincoln, 

Oakham, . 

Corn  and  buckwheat. 

Andrew  S.  Longfellow,. 

Groveland, 

Corn. 

Massachusetts  Agri- 

Amherst, . 

Corn  and  rye. 

cultural  College. 

Wm.  W.  Mcintosh, 

Nantucket, 

Corn  and  oats. 

N.  Clark  Newton,  . 

North  Hadley, 

Corn. 

H.  W.  Nichols,       . 

Sturbridge, 

Oats,  barley  and  rye. 

L.  T.  Osborne, 

Alford,     . 

Corn. 

Geo.  M.  Parker,     . 

New  Lenox, 

Corn  and  oats. 

Jerome  Pease, 

Wilbraham, 

Corn  and  oats. 

Martin  A.  Phelps,  . 

Blandford, 

Corn. 

F.  L.  Plantiff, 

Belchertown,    . 

Corn. 

Preston  Pratt, 

South  Wey- 
mouth. 

Corn. 

Eugene  Randall,    . 

Belchertown,    . 

Corn. 

N.  Randall  &  Son, 

Belchertown,    . 

Corn. 

A.  A.  Randall, 

Mendon,  . 

Corn. 

Geo.  A.  Rogers, 

North  Andover, 

Corn . 

Patrick  Ryan, 

North   Hadley, 

Corn. 

H.  G.  Sanderson,   . 

Sunderland, 

Corn. 

E.  B.  Sanford, 

Belchertown,    . 

Corn  and  barley. 

Asa  Smith, 

Chilmark, 

Corn. 

C.  K.  Smith,  . 

Sunderland, 

Corn. 

H.  B.  Smith  &  Son, 

Chesterfield, 

Corn. 

Newton  Smith, 

South   Hadley, 

Corn. 

E.  S.  Squires, 

Worthington,  . 

Oats  and  buckwheat. 

C.  E.  Stebbins, 

South  Deer- 
field. 

Wheat,  corn,  oats,  barley  and  rye. 

M.  H.  Tyler,  . 

Greenfield, 

Corn. 

Edward  Warren,    . 

Spencer,    . 

Corn. 

F.  R.  Williams,      . 

Sunderland, 

Corn. 

Group  2. 


Middleby  Oven  Co., 


Boston, 


Ovens. 


Group  3. 


Parker  Hubbard,    . 

The  Walter  M.  Lowney 
Co. 


Sunderland, 
Boston,     . 


Maple  sugar. 
Chocolate  bonbons. 


Group 

4. 

Milford  H.  Clarke, 

Sunderland,     . 

Onions. 

H.  C.  Comegus, 

Hadley,    . 

Potatoes. 

W.  A.  French, 

Petersham, 

Potatoes. 

E.  R.  Gunn,    . 

So.  Deerfield,   . 

Onions. 

F.  J.  Kurnej^ 

Worcester, 

Potatoes. 

(Charles  Lawton, 

Leverett,  . 

Onions. 

C.  S.  Smith,    . 

Amherst, . 

Potatoes. 

232 


REPORT    OF   BOARD    OF 


Group  5. 


Name. 

Address. 

Descriptiok. 

Alvan  Barrus, 
J.  R.  &  D.  F.  Bigelow,  . 
H.  L.  &  I.  B.  Salmon,    . 
Curtis  Whipple, 

Goshen,    . 
Petersham, 
Richmond, 
Charlemont,     . 

Beans. 
Beans. 
Beans. 
Beans. 

Group  6. 


The  E.  T.  Cowdrey  Co., 
J.H.  W.  Huckins&Co., 
North  Packing  and  Pro- 
vision Co. 


Devilled  ham  and  soups. 
Sandwich  meats  and  canned  soups. 
Dried  beef,  hams  and  bacon,  salted 
meats,  tongues,  tripe,  etc. 


Group  7. 


Simpson,  Mclntire  &  Co. 
Upton  Mfg.  Co.,     . 


Boston,     . 
West  Upton, 


Butter  in  sealed  tins. 
Milk  aerator. 


Group  8. 


Walter  Baker  &  Co.,      . 

Dorchester, 

Chocolate  and  cocoa. 

John  Brell, 

Hadley,    . 

Leaf  tobacco. 

Clark  Ooffee  Co.,    . 

Boston,     . 

Combination  of  cocoa  and  coffee. 

C.  F.  Fowler, . 

Westfield, 

Leaf  tobacco. 

Cephas  Graves, 

Sunderland, 

Leaf  tobacco. 

N.  Clark  Newton,  . 

North  Hadley, 

Leaf  tobacco. 

H.  I.  Searle,    . 

Northampton, . 

Leaf  tobacco. 

Charles  Shiderton, . 

Hadley,    . 

Leaf  tobacco. 

Group  9. 


Chase  Cotton  Gin  Co.,   . 
Eagle  Cotton  Gin  Co.,    . 
National  Cotton  Gin  and 
WoolBurrer  Co. 


Milford,   . 
Bridgewater, 
Boston,     . 


Cotton  gins. 
Cotton  gins. 
Cotton  gins  and  wool  burrers. 


Group  11. 

Gushing  Process  Co.,      . 

Boston,     . 

Boiirbon  and  rye  whiskeys,  rum  and 
brandy. 

Group  16. 

Sherman  E..  Nye,  . 

Chicopee  Falls, 

Horse  rake. 

Group  17. 

Crystal  Gelatine  Co., 
North  Packing  and  Pro- 
vision Co. 

Boston,     . 
Boston,     . 

Gelatine. 
Fertilizer. 

WORLD'S   PAIR  MANAGERS. 

Group  18. 


233 


Name. 

Address. 

Description. 

North  Packing  and  Pro- 
vision Co. 

Boston,     . 

Lard. 

DEPARTMENT    OF    TRANSPORTATION. 
Group  80, 


Acme  Railway  Appliance 

Co. 
Ashton  Valve  Co., 

Boston,     . 

Electric  train-signal  apparatus. 

Boston,     . 

Locomotive  safety  valves  and  gaiiges. 

F.  W.  Bird  &  Son, 

East  Walpole, . 

Waterproof  fabrics  for  roofing  rail- 
way cars. 

Burnham    &    D  u  g  g  a  n 

Boston,     . 

Swtches,  chau's,  etc. 

Railway  Appliance  Co. 

Burton  Stock  Car  Co.,    . 

Boston,     . 

Horse  and  cattle  cars. 

Coburn    Trolley    Track 

Holyoke, . 

Hangers  and  fixtures  for  door  cars. 

Mfg.  Co. 

Eastman     Freight    Car 

Boston,     . 

Refrigerator,    heater  and  ventilator 

Heater  Co. 

cars. 

Jewett  Supply  Co., 

Boston,     . 

Car  body  and  truck  bolsters,  anti- 
friction device,  elevated  railway. 

W.  B.  Merrill  &  Co.,      . 

Boston,     . 

Metallic  packing. 

A.  0.  Norton, 

Boston,     . 

Track  and  screw  jacks. 

Old  Colony  Railroad  Co., 

Boston,     . 

Passenger  locomotive  and  coach,  coal 
car,  locomotive  built  in  1858,  coach 
built  in  1835. 

Reinforced    Rail    Joint 

Co. 
Rowell    Potter  Safety 

Boston,     . 

Rail  joints. 

Boston,     . 

Safety  stop  and  block-signal  system. 

Stop  Co. 

intermural  railway. 

Group  81. 

A.  &  J.  M.  Anderson,    . 

Boston,     . 

Electric  railway  switches,  fixtures. 

Burnham    &    Duggan 

Boston,     . 

TroUej'-wire  brackets  and  insulators. 

Railway  Appliance 

Co. 

A.  0.  Norton, 

Boston,     . 

Jacks  for  street  and  electric  cars. 

Reliable  Mfg.  Co., . 

Boston,     . 

Street  railway  supplies,  heaters,  etc. 

Robinson  Electric  Truck 

Boston,     . 

Radial  system. 

and  Supply  Co. 

Suspension   Transporta- 

Boston,    . 

Elevated   electric   system   of   trans- 

tion Co. 

portation. 

Amesburv  Carriage  Co., 
S.  R.  Bailey  &  Co^, 
Biddle  &  Smart  Co., 
Boston  &  Lockport  Block 

Co. 
Briggs  Carriage  Co., 

Bradshaw  Mfg.  Co., 


Amesbury, 
Amesbury, 
Amesburj', 
Boston,     . 

Amesbury, 

Boston,     . 


Pleasure  carriages. 
Light  pleasure  vehicles. 
Light  pleasure  vehicles. 
Railroad  trucks. 

Large  pleasure  wagons,  light  pleasure 

vehicles. 
Bicycles. 


234: 


EEPORT    OF   BOAED    OP 
Group  83  —  Concluded . 


Xame. 

Address. 

Descmption. 

J.  T.  Clarkson  &  Co.,     . 

Amesbury, 

Pleasure  carriages. 

Eben  N.  Currier,    . 

Amesbury, 

Buggy. 

Folger  &  Drummond,   . 

Amesbury, 

Traps. 

N.  H.  Foli?er, . 

Amesbury, 

Cutunder. 

HickorA^  Wheel  Co., 

Newton,   . 

Sulkies  and  bicycles. 

Lambert  Hollander, 

Amesbury, 

Rockaways. 

Miller  Bros.,   . 

Amesburv, 

Brake. 

Osgood  Morrill, 

Amesbury, 

Traps. 

Neal  &  Bolser, 

Amesbury, 

Light  pleasm-e  vehicles. 

Overman  Wheel  Co., 

Chicopee  Falls, 

Bicvcles. 

Charles  A.  Palmer, 

Amesbmy, 

Brougham. 

A.  N.  Parry  &  Co., 

Amesbm-y, 

Brake  and  wagons. 

Pope  Mfg.  Co., 

Boston,     . 

Bicycles  and  imrts. 

Wm.  Read  &  Sons, 

Boston,     . 

Bicycles. 

Samuel  Rowell  &  Son,   . 

Amesburj^, 

Traps. 

John  H.  Shields  &  Co.,  . 

Amesbm-y, 

Phaeton. 

Simonds    Rolling    Ma- 
chine Co. 
United  States  Whip  Co., 

Fitchburg, 

Rolled  forged  steel  specialties. 

Westfield, 

Whips  and  lashes. 

AVarwick  Cycle  Mfg.  Co., 

- 

Safety  bicycles. 

Group  84. 


Coburn     Trolley    Track 

Holyoke, . 

Carrving  track  for  overhead  tram- 

Mfg.  Co. 

wav. 

Miles    Pneumatic   Tube 

Boston,     . 

Pneumatic    parcel,    cash    and    mail 

Co. 

tubes,  pneumatic  elevators. 

Group 

85. 

Ashton  Valve  Co., 

Boston,     . 

Marine  safety  valves  and  gauges. 

Cape  Ann  Anchor  Works, 

Gloucester, 

Anchors. 

C.  E.  Duryea, 

Springfield, 

Gasolene  launch. 

Essex  Institute  and  Pea- 

Salem, 

Drawings  of  ships,   photographs  of 

body  Academy  of 

collections    and    nautical    instru- 

Science. 

ments. 

John  Meaney, 

Boston,     . 

Race-boat  equipment. 

Old    Colony    Steamboat 

Co. 
Henry  G.  Peabody, 

Boston,     . 

Steamer  models. 

Boston,     . 

Photographs  of  United  States  naval 

squadron  and  yachts. 

Charles  N.  Richardson, . 

Gloucester, 

Steerers. 

Stewart  &  Binney, . 

Boston,     . 

Sail-boat  and  steam-vacht  models. 

Dana  Dudley, 

Lynn, 

Pneumatic  dynamite  gun. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  FISH  AND   FISHERIES. 
Group  37. 


Board  of  Trade, 


J.  W.  Marston  &  Co., 
John  R.  Xeal  &  Co., 


Gloucester, 


Boston, 
Boston, 


Fishes  and  other  forms  of  aquatic 
life  illustrated  by  preserved  speci- 
mens, casts,  drawings,  etc. 

Casts  of  lobsters. 

Cast  of  swordfish,  frozen  fish  and 
charts  of  fishing  grounds. 


WORLD'S   FAIR   MA:N^AGERS. 


235 


Group  38. 


Name. 

Addeess. 

Description. 

American  Net  and  Twine 

Boston,     . 

Nets,  seines  and  materials,  fish  traps. 

Co. 

pounds,  etc. 

Board  of  Trade,      . 

Gloucester, 

Reports,  statistics  and  literature 
showing  progress  of  the  Glouces- 
ter fisheries,  fishing  gear,  hooks, 
jigs  and  drails,  nets,  seines,  rakes 
and  dredges,  fish  traps,  wens  and 
pounds,  fishing  stations  and  out- 
fits, fish  knives,  gaffs,  etc.,  illus- 
trations of  special  fisheries,  fishing 
boats  and  vessels. 

J.  W.  Marston  &  Co.,     . 

Boston,     . 

Lobster  gear  and  traps,  wharf,  build- 
ing and  bars  for  lobster  fishing, 
lobster  boat. 

John  R.  Neal  &  Co.,      . 

Boston,     . 

Models  of  schooners,  dory,  etc.,  gear 
and  lines,  mackerel  jigs,  gill  nets, 
Cape  Cod  fish  weirs,  'mackerel  gaff 
and  illustration  of  special  fisheries. 

Group  40. 

Edward  K.  Burnham,    . 

Gloucester, 

Canned  mackerel. 

Board  of  Trade, 

Gloucester, 

Models  and  method  of  handling  and 
curing  fish,  cured  and  preserved 
fish,  products  of  fisheries,  appli- 
ances for  preparing  fish  products 
and  models  of  fish  markets, 
wharves,  etc. 

Gloucester  Isinglass  and 

Gloucester, 

Fish  glues,  isinglass  and  fish  glue 

Glue  Co. 

articles. 

J.  W.  Marston  &  Co.,    . 

Boston,     . 

Models  of  building  and  appliances 
for  lobster  industry  and  models  of 
lobster  market. 

Ezra  Kelley,  . 

New  Bedford,  . 

Blackfish  oil  for  watches. 

John  R.  Neal  &  Co.,      . 

Boston,     . 

Models  illustrating  lobster  industry, 
appliances  for  fish  market. 

"Wm.  F.  Nye, 

New  Bedford,  . 

"Watch,  clock  and  chronometer  oil. 

DEPARTMENT  OF   FINE   ARTS. 
Group  139. 


Max  Bachman, 

Boston,     . 

Sculpture. 

Amy  A.  Bradley,   . 

Boston, 

Jane  N.  Hamond,  . 

Boston, 

H.  R.  Hyatt,  . 

Boston, 

Henry  H.  Kitson,  . 

Boston, 

Wm.  0.  Partridge, 

Boston, 

Katherine  Prescbtt, 

Boston, 

Theo.  Alice  Ruggles, 

Boston, 

F.  G.  Wesselhoeft, 

Boston, 

Anne  Whitney, 

Boston, 

236 


REPORT    OF   BOARD   OF 
Group  140. 


Address. 


Description'. 


Thomas  Allen, 
Mary  K.  Baker, 
E.  li.  Barnard, 
Frank  W.  Benson, 
Wallace  Bryant,     . 
Caroline  Bunker,    o 
I.  H.  Caliga,  . 
W.  W.  Churchill,  . 
J.  G.  Cochrane, 
Lucy  S.  Conant,     . 
Mrs.  C.  A.  Cranch, 
Walter  L.  Dean,     . 
Joseph  De  Camp,   . 
Arthur  W.  Dow,     . 

D.  Jerome  Elwell,  . 
John  J.  Enneking, 
Lucia  Fail-child, 

I.  M.  Gaugengigl,  . 
Abljott  Graves, 
Lillian  Greene, 
Joseph  H.  Greenwood,  . 
Ellen  Day  Hale,     . 
Maria  Hallowell,    . 

E.  W.  D.  Hamilton, 
J.  H.  Hatfield, 
Belle  D.  Hodgkins, 
Edith  M.  Howes,    . 
Ernst  Ipsen,    . 
Louis  Kronberg,     . 

F.  M.  Lamb,  . 
Clara  W.  Lathrop, . 
Laura  Lee, 

M.  L.  Macomber,   . 
Ernest  L.  Major,    . 
Albert  H.  Munsell, 
Edward  Glover  Niles,    . 
S.  Mary  Norton,     . 
Wm.  M.  Paxton,    . 
S.  B.  de  Peralta,     . 
Lilla  C.  Perry, 
Charles  F.  Pierce,  . 
Ambrose  J.  Pritchard,   . 
F.  H.  Piichardson, 
Henry  Orme  Rj'der, 
J.  M.-  Stone,    . 
Edmund  C.  Tarbell, 
Stacv  Tolman, 
F.  H.  Tompkins,    . 
Ross  Turner,  . 
Frederick  P.  Vinton, 
Jacob  Wagner, 
Sarah  W.  Whitman, 
Charles  Herbert  Wood- 
bury. 


Boston, 

Boston, 

Boston, 

Salem, 

Boston, 

Boston, 

Boston, 

Boston, 

Boston, 

Boston, 

Boston, 

Boston, 

Boston, 

Ipswich 

Boston, 

Boston, 

Boston, 

Boston, 

Boston, 

Boston, 

Worcester, 

Boston, 

West  Medford, 

Boston, 

Canton, 

Salem, 

Boston, 

Boston, 

Boston, 

Stoughton, 

Northampton, 

Boston,     . 

Waverly, 

Boston, 

Boston, 

Boston, 

Boston, 

Boston, 

Boston, 

Boston, 

Boston, 

Boston, 

Boston, 

Manchester, 

Boston, 

Boston, 

Boston, 

Boston, 

Salem, 

Boston, 

Boston, 

Boston, 

Boston, 


Oil  paintings 


Group  141. 


Thomas  Allen, 
Dwi^ilit  Bhiney, 
Edward  C.  Caljot, 


Paintim:'  in  water  colors. 


WORLD'S   FAIR   MAJSTAGERS. 
Group  141  —  Concluded. 


237 


Name. 

Address. 

DeSCKU'TION. 

Lucy  S.  Conant, 

Boston,     . 

Painting  in  water  colors. 

Ellen  S.  Dixey,       . 

Boston, 

Hendricks  A.  Hallett,    . 

Boston, 

Melburne  H.  Hardwick, 

Boston, 

Arthur  Rotch, 

Boston, 

M.  Silsbee, 

Boston, 

Joseph  L.  Smith,    . 

Boston, 

Alice  Stackpole, 

Boston, 

Fanny  W.  Tewksbury, . 

Boston, 

Ross  Turner,  • 

Salem, 

Group  143. 


Rominer  Lovewell 
J.  A.  S.  Monks, 
S.  A.  Schoff,  . 
Charles  A.  Walker 
W.  P.  Cleaves, 
W.  B.  Closson, 
William  Jay  Dana, 
F.  E.  Fillebrown, 
Elbridije  Kingsley, 
H.  F.  W.  Lyons, 


Chelsea,  . 
Boston,  . 
Greenfield, 
Boston,  . 
Springfield, 
Lancaster, 
Brookline, 
Boston,  . 
Hadley,  . 
Boston,     . 


Engravings,  etchings,  etc. 


Group  144. —Chalk,  Charcoal,  Pastel  and  Pen-and-ink  Dra^wrings. 


Anna  E.  Klumpke, 

Boston,     . 

Drawings. 

Adelaide  Wadsworth,     . 

Boston,     . 

" 

Jacob  Wagner, 

Boston,     . 

" 

Francis  Gilbert  Attwood, 

Boston,     . 

" 

Frank  0.  Small,     . 

Boston,     . 

" 

DEPARTMENT  OF  HORTICULTURE. 
Group  21. 


Orrin  C.  Cook, 


.    Milford, 


Hickory  nuts. 


Group  22. 

Botanic  Gardens,    . 

Cambridge, 

Tropical  palms. 

R.  &  J.  Farquhar, 

Boston,     . 

Bedding  plants. 

H.  H.  Hunnewell,  . 

Wellesley, 

Palms,  etc. 

State  of  Massachusetts, . 

_ 

Flowers  and  plants. 

Rea  Bros., 

Norwood, 

Plants. 

W.  C.  Strong  &  Co., 

Waban,    . 

Flowers. 

Group   26. 


238 


KEPORT    OF   BOARD    OF 


DEPARTMENT  OF  ETHNOLOGY  AND   ARCHEOLOGY. 


Name. 

Address. 

Descripiios. 

Peabody  Museum  of 
American  Arctiaeology 
and  Ethnology. 

H.  P.  Bowditch, 

E.  Hitchcock, 

Stats  Board  of  Health  of 
Massachusetts. 

M.  Anna  Wood, 

C.  F.  Hedge,  Clark  Uni- 
versity. 

Hugo  Miisterberg,  Har- 
vard University. 

Esther  0.  Putman, 

Milton  Bradley  Co., 

Cambridge, 

Boston,     . 
Amherst, . 

Wellesley, 
Worcester, 

Cambridge, 

Cambridge, 
Springfield, 

II        1       II        III           1 
II       1       II       III          1 

DEPARTMENT  OF  FORESTRY. 


State  of  Massachusetts, 


Specimens  of  native  woods. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  ELECTRICITY. 
Group  122. 


Electrical  Forging  Co.,  . 
General  Electric  Co., 

Monson  Electric  Weld- 
ing Co. 


Boston, 
Boston, 


Boston, 


Converters. 

Magnets,  induction  coils,  converters 

and  transformers. 
Induction  coils  and  transformers. 


Group  123. 


General  Electric  Co., 


Bostoia, 


.    Instruments  of  precision,  volt  meters, 
ammeters,  watt  meters,  etc. 


Group  125. 


Elektron  Mfg.  Co., 
General  Electric  Co., 


Thomson  Electric  Weld- 
ing Co. 


Springfield, 
Boston, 


Boston, 


Direct-current  dynamos. 

Direct-ciuTent  dynamos,  intermural 
railroad,  battle  ship,  alternating- 
current  dynamos. 

Alternating-cm-rent  dynamos. 


Group  126. 


Electric  Forging  Co., 


Boston, 


Cables,  wires,  rheostats,  switches, 
insulators,  fusible  cut-outs  and 
safety  switches. 


WOKLD'S   PAIR   MANAGERS. 
Group  126  —  Concluded. 


239 


jS'AME. 

Address. 

Description. 

Electrical    Heat    Alarm 

Boston,     . 

Safety  heat  appliance. 

Co. 

Elektron  Mfg.  Co., 

Springfield,      . 

Cables, wires  and  electrical  appliances. 

General  Electric  Co., 

Boston,     . 

Rheostats,  switches  and  meters,  un- 
derground conduits,    safety  appli- 
ances, lightning  arresters  and  cut- 
offs. 

Stanley    Electric    Mfs:;. 

Pittsfield, 

Safety  appliances. 

Co. 

Thomson  Electric  Weld- 

Boston,     . 

Rheostats,  s^vitches  and  safety  appli- 

ino; Co. 

ances. 

Washbm-n  &  Moen  Mfg. 

Worcester, 

Light,  cables  and  wires. 

Co. 

Group  127. 

Colburn    Electric    Mfg. 

Fitchburg, 

Electric  motors. 

Co. 

Elektron  Mfg.  Co., 

Springfield, 

Du'ect,  constant-current  and  alternat- 
ing-current motors. 

Electrical  Forgino;  Co.,  . 

Boston,     . 

Motor  generator. 

General  Electric  Co., 

Boston,     . 

Direct,  constant  and  alternating  cur- 
rent motors. 

Stanley     Electric    Mfg. 

Pittsfield, 

Motors. 

Co. 

Group  128. 


Bemis  Car  Box  Co., 

Springfield, 

Street  railwaA'  truck. 

Elektron  Mfg.  Co., 

Springfield, 

Electric  elevators. 

General  Electric  Co., 

Boston,     . 

Motors  for  railway  for  general  appli- 
cation and  for  novelties. 

Lawrence  Machine  Co., 

Lawrence, 

Centrifusral  pump. 

Robinson  Electric  Truck 

Boston,     . 

Street  railway  truck. 

and  Supply  Co. 

Group  129. 

Colburn    Electric    Mfg. 

Co. 
Electrical  Forging  Co.,  . 

Fitchburg, 

Incandescent  system. 

Boston,     . 

Lamps,  fixtures  and  appliances  for 

arc  and  incandescent  systems. 

Elektron  Mfg.  Co., 

Springfield, 

Incandescent  lighting  and  appli- 
ances. 

General  Electric  Co., 

Boston,     . 

Search-lights  and  arc  system,  lumi- 
nous electrical  fountains,  and  in- 
candescent svstem. 

Walworth  Mfg.  Co.,      . 

Boston,     . 

Railway  and  arc-light  poles. 

Group  130. 


American  Electric  Heat- 
ing Co. 

Electric  Forging  Co., 


Boston, 


Boston, 


Apparatus  for  warming  and  heating 
by  electricity,  electric  ovens  and 
furnaces. 

Metal-heating  generators  and  appa- 
ratus. 


240 


EEPOET    OF   BOARD    OF 
Group  131. 


Desckiption. 


Colburn    Electric    Mfg. 
Co. 

Electrical  Furging  Co.,  . 
General  Electric  Co., 


Fitchburg, 


Boston, 
Boston, 


Electrotyping,  electro-plating,  elec- 
tro deposition  of  metals  and  electro- 
Ij'tic  separation  processes. 

Electrolytic  metal  separation. 

Magnetic  separator  for  separating  iron 
ores. 


Group  132. 


Electrical  Forging  Co.,  . 
Thomson  Electric  Weld- 
ing Co. 


Boston, 
Boston, 


Forgings,  weldings  and  apparatus. 
Forging  and  welding  of  metals. 


Group  133. 

Electric  Heat  Alarm  Co., 

Boston,     . 

Thermostat. 

Electric  Magneto  Clock 

Boston,     . 

Electric  clocks. 

Co. 

General  Electric  Co., 

Boston,     . 

Dynamos  for  quadruplex  telegraphic 
service. 

Group  134. 


American  Bell  Telephone 
Co. 

Clare  L.  Sponholz, 

Washburn  &  Moen  Man- 
ufacturing Co. 


Boston,     . 

Lowell,     . 

Worcester, 


Exhibit  of  history  and  development  of 

telephony. 
Telephone  register  directories. 
Telephone  cables  and  wires. 


Group  135. 


General  Electric  Co.,     .     Boston, 


Dental  drill. 


Group  136. 


Electric  Gas  Co.,     . 

Boston,     . 

Is;nition  of  explosives. 

Franklin  Electric  Appli- 

Boston,    . 

Heat-regulator  appliances. 

ance  Co. 

Holtzer    Cabot    Electric 

Boston,     . 

Electric  automatic  burner. 

Co. 

Group  137. 


General  Electric  Co.,      .  ;  Boston, 
Thomson  Electric  Weld-  |  Boston 
ing  Co. 


Historical  models  and  works. 
Objects  illustrating   electrical    prog 
ress. 


WORLD'S   FAIR   MANAGERS. 
Group  138a. 


241 


Name. 

Address. 

Description. 

Electric  Forging  Co.,     . 

Boston,     . 

Construction  tools  and  apparatus, 
application  of  metals  in  electrical 
construction. 

General  Electric  Co., 

Boston,     . 

Patent  exhibits,  apparatus  for  elec- 
trical construction  and  repair,  water 
wheel  coupled  to  dynamo,  carbon 
and  its  application,  direct-coupled 
engine  dynamos. 

Graton  &  Knight  Mfg. 

Worcester, 

Belting. 

Co. 

Jewett  Supply  Co., 

Boston,     . 

Automatic  friction  device  for  car 
bodies. 

Walworth  Mfg.  Co., 

Boston,     . 

Railway  and  arc-light  poles. 

Note.  — As  the  General  Electric  Company  made  its  exhibits  through  the  New  York 
office,  awards  were  granted  to  them  as  of  that  State.  Their  name  therefore  does  not 
appear  in  the  list  of  Massachusetts  exhibitors  who  received  that  distinction. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  LIBERAL   ARTS. 
Group  147. 


A.  W.  Cram,  . 
Massachusetts     State 
Board  of  Health. 


Haverhill, 


Cleaning  out  for  drains. 
Analytical  work  in  food  adulterations, 
water,  etc. 


Group  148. 


J.  C.  Ayer  Co., 
Doliber-Goodale  Co., 
Sherman  R.  Nye,  . 
Edward  A.  Tracy, . 


Lowell,     . 
Boston,     . 
Chicopee  Falls, 
South  Boston, . 


Pharmaceutical  preparations. 

Food  for  infants. 

Finger  truss. 

Surgical  splints  and  jackets. 


Group  149. 

Amherst  College,    . 

Amherst, . 

Photographs,  plans,  books,  etc. 

Clark  University,   , 

Worcester, 

University  work. 

Deaf  School,    . 

Northampton, . 

School  work. 

Feeble-Minded  School,  . 

Barre, 

School  work. 

Harvard  University, 

Cambridge, 

Charts,    photographs,    publications, 

etc. 
Books,  theses,  apparatus,  shop-work. 

Massachusetts    Institute 

Boston,    . 

of  Technology,   . 

etc. 

Massachusetts  Normal 

Boston,     . 

Students'  work. 

Art  School, . 

Massachusetts     State 

_ 

Collective   exhibit  from   Normal 

Normal  Schools. 

Schools  in  Bridgewater,  Framing- 
ham,  Salem,  Westfield  and  Worce's- 
ter. 
Kindergarten's  manual  training,  sci- 

Milton Bradley  Co., 

Springfield, 

entific  and  drawing  materials. 

242 


EEPORT   OF   BOARD    OF 

Group   149  —  Concluded. 


Xajie. 

Address. 

Description. 

Mount  Holyoke  College, 

South  Hadley, 

History,  photographs,  students' 
work,  etc. 

Museum  of  Fine  Arts,    . 

Boston,     . 

Students'  work. 

Prang  Educational  Co., 

Boston,     . 

Models,  text-books,  drawing  mate- 
rials, etc. 

Smith  College, 

Northampton, . 

Pictures  and  pamphlets. 

State  of  Massachusetts, 

- 

Educational  exhibit. 

Tufts   College, 

Somerville, 

Photographs,  charts,  etc. 

Wellesley  College, . 

Wellesley, 

Photographs,  charts,  etc. 

Williams  College,  . 

Williamstown, 

Photographs,  books,  instruments,  etc. 

Christian  Brothers, 

Chicopee, . 

School  work. 

Christian  Brothers, 

Waltham, 

School  work. 

Sisters  of  Providence,     . 

Chelsea,   . 

School  work. 

Sisters  of  Notre  Dame,  . 

Canton,    . 

School  work. 

Sisters  of  Notre  Dame,  . 

Maiden,    , 

School  work. 

Sisters  of  Notre  Dame,  . 

Boston,     . 

School  work. 

Group  150. 

Estes  &  Lauriat,     . 

Boston,     . 

Books. 

Ginn  &  Co.,    . 

Boston,     . 

School  books. 

D.  C.  Heath  &  Co., 

Boston,     . 

School  books,  charts,  maps,  etc. 

Houghton,  Mifflin  &  Co., 

Boston,     . 

Books  and  magazines. 

Interstate  Publishing 

Co. 
Leach,  She  well  &  San- 

Boston,    . 

School  books,  charts,  etc. 

Boston,     . 

School  books. 

born. 

G.  &  C.  Merriam  Co.,     . 

Springfield, 

Webster's  Dictionaries. 

New  England   Publish- 

Boston,    . 

Teachers'  books  and  periodicals. 

ing  Co. 

Park  Commissioners, 

Boston,     . 

Maps  and  photographs  of  park  sys- 
tem. 

Alfred  A.  Post, 

Boston,     . 

Volapuk  literatm-e. 

L.  Prang  &  Co.,      . 

Boston,     . 

Chromo-lithographic  art  prints. 

Salem  Press  Publishing 

Salem, 

Books,  charts,  engravings. 

and  Printing  Co. 

Silver,  Burdett  &  Co.,    . 

Boston,     . 

School  books,  charts,  maps,  etc. 

Norman  W.  Hearns, 

Middleborough, 

Samoan  manuscripts. 

G.  H.  Wilson, 

Boston,     . 

Musical  publications. 

Group  151. 


Blair  Camera  Co.,  . 
Boston  Cash  Register  Co., 
Buff  &  Berger, 


Boston,     .        .  I  Photographic  apparatus. 

Northampton, .  i  Cash  registers. 

Boston,     .        .  i  Surveyors'andengineers'instruments. 


Group  152. 


Wm.  E.  Wall, 


Group  153. 


United    States    Mailing 
Case  Co. 


Mailing  case  for  liquids. 


WORLD'S   FAIR  MANAGERS.  243 

Group  154, 


i^AMB. 

Address. 

Desckiption. 

Lam  son  Consolidated 
Store  Service  Co. 

Lamson  Store  Equip- 
ment Co. 

Standard  Autograph 
Time  Recorder. 

Boston,     . 
Boston,     . 
Boston,     . 

Cash    and    parcel    carriers,   mailing 

cases,  etc. 
Registering  measuring  machines. 

Time  recorder. 

Group  157. 


American  Peace  Society,    Boston, 


Books,  treatises,  diagrams,  etc. 


Group  158. 


Chickering  &  Sons, 

Boston,    . 

Pianos. 

Consolidated  Manufact- 

Boston,     . 

Pianos. 

iiring  Co. 

Oliver  Ditson  Co.,  . 

Boston,    . 

Sheet  music  and  music  books. 

Emerson  Piano  Co., 

Boston,     . 

Pianos. 

Everett  Piano  Co., 

Boston,     . 

Pianos. 

Hallett  &   Davis  Piano 

Boston,     . 

Pianos. 

Manufacturing  Co. 

John  C.  Haynes  &  Co.,  . 

Boston,     . 

Guitars,  banjos,  mandolins,  zithers 
and  violins. 

Ivers  &  Pond  Piano  Co., 

Boston,     . 

Pianos. 

Mason  &  Hamlin  Organ 

Boston,     . 

Pianos  and  organs. 

and  Piano  Co. 

Mason  &  Risch, 

Worcester, 

Reed  organs. 

Henry  F.  Miller  &  Sons 

Boston,     . 

Pianos. 

Piano  Co. 

Phonoharp  Company,    . 

Boston,     . 

Phonoharps  and  zithers. 

Vose  &  Sons  Piano  Co., 

Boston,     . 

Pianos. 

BUREAU  OF  CHARITIES  AND  CORRECTION. 
Division  A. 


Boston  Lunatic  Hospital, 
McLean  Hospital,  . 


Boston,     . 
Somerville, 


Architectural  plans,  photographs,  lit- 
erature. 

Models,  plans,  photographs,  statistics 
and  literature  of  hospital  photo- 
graphs, statistics  and  literature  of 
training  school  for  nurses  to  the 
insane. 


Division  B. 


Boston  City  Hospital, 


Seth  P.  H.  Hale, 


Architectural  plans,  photographs,  lit- 
erature, statistics,  models  of  appli- 
ances of  hospital  and  training  school 
for  nurses. 

Apparatus  for  moving  invalids. 


244 


REPORT    OF   BOARD    OP 

Division  'B  —  Concluded. 


Name. 

Address. 

Description. 

Massachusetts  Emer- 
gency and  Hygiene 
Association. 

New  England  Hospital 
for  Women  and  Chil- 
dren. 

Sharon  Sanitarium, 

Boston,     . 
Boston,     . 
Sharon,    . 

Maps,  photographs,  appliances,  liter- 
ature. 

Photographs,  plans,  statistics,  litera- 
ture. 

Plans  and  photographs. 

Division  C. 

Aid  for  Destitute  Mothers 

Boston,     . 

Statistics  and  reports. 

and  Infants. 

Children's  Aid  Society,  . 

Boston,     . 

Photographs,  statistics,  library,  etc. 

Hampden   County  Chil- 

Springfield, 

Photographs,  reports. 

dren's  AidAssociation. 

Industrial     School    for 

Boston, 

Reports. 

Girls. 

Lyman  School  for  Boys, 

Westborough,  . 

Photographs  and  specimens  of  school 
work. 

Massachusetts    Infant 

Boston,     . 

Appliances,    statistics     and     photo- 

Asylum. 

graphs. 

Massachusetts      Society 

Boston,     . 

Reports  and  record  blanks. 

for  the   Prevention  of 

Cruelty  to  Children. 

Massachusetts       State 

Boston,     . 

Photographs,  appliances  and  statis- 

Board of  Lunacy  and 

tics    of  Department    of   Out-door 

Charity. 

Poor. 

Massachusetts  State  Pri- 

Palmer,   . 

Photographs  of  buildings,  statistics, 

mary  School. 

etc. 

South     End     Industrial 

Roxbury, 

Photographs,  descriptive  charts  and 

School. 

specimens  of  school  work. 

State    Industrial   School 

Lancaster, 

Photographs,  statistics,  etc. 

for  Girls. 

Trustees    of    the    State 

Boston,     . 

Bound  reports. 

Primary  and  Reform 

Schools  of  Massachu- 

setts. 

Division  D. 

Associated  Charities, 

Boston,     . 

Literature  and  record  blanks. 

Associated  Charities, 

Fall  River. 

Literature. 

Associated  Charities, 

Newtonvills,    . 

Literature. 

Boston  Provident  Asso- 

Boston,    . 

Literature. 

ciation. 

City  Mission,  . 

Lawrence, 

Literature. 

Industrial  Aid  Society,  . 

Boston,     . 

Literature  and  record  blanks. 

Library  Bureau,     . 

'Boston,     . 

Card-case  for  records  of  charitable 
societies. 

Department  of   In-door 

Boston,     . 

Statistics  and  photographs. 

Poor. 

State  of  Massachusetts,  . 

- 

Model  of  hospital  pavilion  of  the  State 
Almshouse  at  Tewksbury. 

North  End  Mission, 

Boston,     . 

Literature,  photographs  and  statistics. 

Overseers  of  the  Poor,    . 

Boston,     . 

Literature,  record  blanks  and  statis- 
tics. 

WORLDS   FAIR   MANAGERS.  245 

Division   D  —  Concluded. 


Name. 

Address. 

Desckiption. 

Overseers  of  the  Poor,    . 

Brookline, 

Literature, 
tics. 

record  blanks  and  statis- 

Overseers  of  the  Poor,    . 

Somerville, 

Literature, 

tics. 

record  blanks  and  statis- 

Overseers  of  the  Poor,    . 

Springfield, 

Literature, 
tics. 

record  blanks  and  statis- 

Society  of  St.  Vincent  de 

Boston,     . 

Literature, 

record  blanks  and  statis- 

Paul. 

tics. 

Union  Relief  Association, 

Springfield, 

Literature, 

tics. 

record  blanks  and  statis- 

Division  E. 


Massachusetts  Reforma- 
tory. 

Reformatory  Prison  for 
Women. 


Concord,  . 
Framingham, 


Drawings,    statistics,    products    and 

literature. 
Drawings,    statistics,    products    and 

literature. 


Division  F. 

Home  Savings  Society,  . 

Boston,     . 

Statistics  and  record  blanks. 

Massachusetts  Board  of 

- 

Scrap  book. 

Charities  and  Correc- 

tion. 

Massachusetts  Board  of 

- 

Reports,  photographs,  forms,  etc. 

Lunacv  and  Charity. 

State  of  Massachusetts, . 

- 

Maps,  statistics  and  literature. 

Pioneer    Co-operative 

Boston,    . 

Literature  and  statistics. 

Bank. 

Workingmen's  Loan  As- 

Boston,    . 

Literature  and  statistics. 

sociation. 

246       KEPORT    OF   WORLD'S   FAIR   MANAGERS. 


APPENDIX   R 


FINANCIAL    STATEMENT. 


H6,550  41 
8,846  00 

12,600  00 


Appropriation  by  Legislature, 

State  building,  cost  of  construction. 
Office  expenses,  Board  of  Managers, 
Salary  of   Executive   Commissioner,   2 

years  and  6  months  at  $5,000, 
Salary  of   Executive  Commissioner,   8 
months  at  $2,250,  .        .        .        . 

Travelling  expenses,       .        .        .        . 
State  building,  cost  of  maintenance. 
Entertainments,    "  MassachiTsetts    day " 
and  reception  to   Foreign,  National 
and  State  Commissioners,  etc., 
Cost  of  Agricultural  Exhibit, . 
"      Mineral  Exhibit, 
"      Board  of  Health  Exhibit, 
"      District  Police  Exhibit, 
"      Charities    and    Correction  Ex- 
hibit, 
"      Horticultural  Exhibit, 
"      Fine  Arts  Exhibit, 
"      Historical  Exhibit, 
"      Educational  Exhibit,  . 
Contribution  to  Rumford  Kitchen, 
Preparation  of  report  (in  part), 


Balance  unused  and  turned  back  into  State  treasury. 


$175,000  00 


1,500  00 

7,212  30 

11,602  79 

5,263  41 

6,117  46 

2,639  85 

4,778  16 

500  75 

9,483  69 

891  11 

5,365  83 

1,052  59 

11,491  47 

224  85 

448  80 

136,469  47 


3,530  53 


Note.  —  To  the  above  balance  of  $38,530.53  should  be  added  the  sum  of 
$1,263.80,  the  same  having  been  received  by  the  Board  of  Managers  from  various 
sources  and  by  them  covered  into  the  State  treasury.  There  thus  remains  an 
available  balance  of  $39,79-1.33  from  which  to  pay  the  expense  of  printing  and 
binding  the  report  of  the  Board  of  Managers,  for  which  the  Executive  Council 
has  authorized  an  appropriation  of  $3,000. 


DATE  DUE 

UNIVERSITY  PRODUCTS,  INC.   #859-5503 

BOSTON   COLLEGE 


3   9031    024   74322   1 


